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The carotid body is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the carotid artery. It measures changes in blood pressure and the composition of arterial blood flowing past it, including the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. The chemoreceptors responsible for sensing changes in blood gasses are called glomus cells. While the central chemoreceptors in the brainstem are highly sensitive to CO2, the carotid body is a peripheral chemoreceptor that provides afferent input to the respiratory center that is highly O2 dependent. Below an oxygen partial pressure of 60 torr, the carotid body cells release dopamine and trigger EPSP's in synapsed neurons leading to the respiratory center. This event is mediated by a unique potassium channel that is responsive to the partial pressure of O2. The peripheral chemoreceptor's input is secondary to CO2 sensitive cells in the central chemoreceptors in healthy patients, but is the primary driver of ventilation in individuals who suffer from chronic hypercapnia (as in emphysema). A Chemosensor, also known as chemoreceptor, is a cell or group of cells that transduce a chemical signal into an action potential. ...
In human anatomy, the carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ...
Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ...
The title of this article should be pH. The initial letter is capitalized due to technical restrictions. ...
Temperature is also the name of a song by Sean Paul. ...
A glomus cell is a peripheral chemoreceptor, located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, that helps the body regulate breathing. ...
Hypercapnia (from the Greek hyper = above and kapnos = smoke) is a condition where there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body. ...
 Image File history File links Carotid. ...
It gives feedback to the medulla oblongata via the afferent branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX). The medulla, in turn, regulates breathing and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem. ...
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth of twelve cranial nerves. ...
Disorders
A paraganglioma is a tumor that may involve the carotid body. A paraganglioma is a rare neoplasm that can be found in the head and neck region and other less common areas. ...
How they work The type 1 gloumus cells in the carotid (and aortic bodies) have hypoxia dependent K+ channels which close upon hypoxia. This creates a relative depolarisation and stimulates the afferent nerve fibres (CN IX in the carotid) to fire an action potential to the nucleus of the tractus solitarius.
See also The aortic body is one of several small cluster of chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and supporting cells located along the aortic arch. ...
Control of respiration refers to the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of respiration (physiology). ...
External links - Respiratory physiology notes at Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine (Missouri)
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