Cartago was founded in 1563 by Spanish conquistador Juan Vásquez de Coronado, and was the first permanent Spanish settlement in Costa Rica.
The province is known for its rich ecological diversity and dense tropical rainforests along the mountain ranges near the Irazu and Turrialba volcanoes.
Cartago is home of the Costa Rica Institute of Technology, one of the most prestigious higher education institutions in the country and one of Central America's most important engineering schools.