Carter Woodson biographical cartoon by Charles Alston, 1943

Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875 — April 3, 1950) was an African American historian, author, journalist and the founder of Black History Month. He is considered the first to conduct a scholarly effort to popularize the value of Black History. He recognized and acted upon the importance of a people having an awareness and knowledge of their contributions to humanity and left behind an impressive legacy. He was a member of the first black fraternity Sigma Pi Phi and a member of Omega Psi Phi as well.[1]. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1180, 483 KB)Carter Woodson biographical cartoon drawn by Charles Alston in 1943 source This image comes from the National Archives and Records Administration, the vast majority of whose images and documents are in the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1180, 483 KB)Carter Woodson biographical cartoon drawn by Charles Alston in 1943 source This image comes from the National Archives and Records Administration, the vast majority of whose images and documents are in the public domain. ... Charles Alston (November 28, 1907 _ April 27, 1977) was a teacher and artist. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... A historian is an individual who studies history and who writes on history. ... Authorship redirects here. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Black History Month is a remembrance of important people and events in African American history. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sigma Pi Phi is the the oldest surviving black fraternity and generally considered to be the first black fraternity. ... The Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated (ΩΨΦ) Fraternity was founded on Friday, November 17, 1911, at Howard University in Washington, D.C. by three undergraduate students and one faculty advisor. ...

Early life

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Woodson was the son of former slaves James (who helped the Union soldiers, and moved his family to West Virginia when he heard they were building a high school for blacks in Huntington) and Eliza (Riddle) Woodson. He was born December 19, 1875, at New Canton in Buckingham County, Virginia. One of a large poor family, he could not attend regularly such schools as were provided, but he was able, largely by self-instruction, to master the fundamentals of common school subjects by the time he was 17. Image File history File links AmericaAfrica. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. ... The word Maafa (also known as the African Holocaust or Holocaust of Enslavement) is derived from a Kiswahili word meaning disaster, terrible occurrence or great tragedy. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Military history of African Americans is that of African Americans in the United States since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619 to the present day. ... The Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965. ... For the automotive term, see redline. ... See also: American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 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African American dances in the vernacular tradition (academically known as African American vernacular dance) are those dances which have developed within African American communities in everyday spaces, rather than in dance studios, schools or companies. ... African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent. ... African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. ... This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... The term black church refers to Christian churches that minister to the African American community. ... The Black Buddhist Community in America is historically the first and only organization to propagate Buddhism specifically among persons of black or African descent in the United States. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Black Jew generally refers to people who are both Black and Jewish. ... 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This is an alphabetical list of African-American-related topics: Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A African American African American contemporary issues African American culture... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... Huntington is a city located in the U.S. State of West Virginia along the Ohio River. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Buckingham County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area  Ranked 35th  - Total 42,774 sq mi (110,785 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 7. ...

Ambitious for more education Woodson went to Fayette County to earn a living as a miner in the coal fields, but was only able to devote a few months each year to his schooling. In 1895 at the age of twenty, Carter entered Douglass High School where he received his diploma in less than two years. From 1897 to 1900, Carter G. Woodson began teaching in Fayette County. In 1900, he became the principal of Douglass High School. Woodson finally received his Bachelor of Literature degree from Berea College in Kentucky. From 1903 to 1907 he was a school supervisor in the Philippines. He then attended the University of Chicago where he received his M.A. in 1908, and in 1912 he received his Ph.D. in history from Harvard University. Fayette County is a county located in the state of West Virginia. ... Berea College is a small liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky, south of Lexington, Kentucky with a full-time enrollment of 1514 students. ... The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ...

In 1915, Woodson and Jesse E. Moorland co-founded the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.[2] Jesse Moorland Jessee Edward Moorland (September 10, 1863 - 1939) was a Black minister, community executive, and civic leader. ... The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) is a non-profit organization founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1915 as The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History by Carter G. Woodson and Jesse E. Moorland. ...

A destiny revealed

By this time convinced that the role of his own people in American history and in the history of other cultures was being either ignored or misrepresented among scholars, Woodson realized the need for special research into the neglected past of the Negro. The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, founded September 9, 1915, in Chicago, was the result of this conviction. In the same year appeared one of his most scholarly books, The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. Other books followed: A Century of Negro Migration (1918), The History of the Negro Church (1927), and The Negro in Our History, the last in numerous editions and revised by Charles H. Wesley after Woodson's death in 1950. In January 1916 Woodson began the publication of the scholarly Journal of Negro History, which, despite depressions, loss of support from foundations and two World Wars, has never missed an issue. In 2002 it was renamed the Journal of African-American History, and continues to be published by the Association for the Study of African American History (ASAAH). is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... Chares H. Wesley Charles Harris Wesley (December 2, 1891 - August 16, 1987) was an noted African American historian, educator, writer and author. ... The Journal of Negro History was founded in 1916. ...

The NAACP

During this time Woodson became affiliated with the recently organized Washington, D.C. branch of the NAACP, and its Chairman, Archibald Grimke. On January 28, 1915, he wrote a letter to Grimke expressing his dissatisfaction with the way things were going. Woodson made two proposals in this letter: Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - D.C. Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), is one of the oldest and most influential hate organizations in the United States. ... Archibald Henry Grimké (pronounced grim-key) (August 17, 1849–February 25, 1930) was a multiracial lawyer, intellectual, journalist, diplomat and community leader in the 19th century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

1. That the branch secure an office for a center to which persons may report whatever concerns the Negro race may have, and from which the Association may extend its operations into every part of the city;
2. That a canvasser be appointed to enlist members and obtain subscriptions for The Crisis, the NAACP publication edited by W.E.B. DuBois.

Dr. Woodson then added the daring proposal of "diverting patronage from business establishments which do not treat races alike." He wrote that he would cooperate as one of the twenty-five effective canvassers, adding that he would pay the rent for the office for one month. The NAACP did not welcome Dr. Woodson's ideas. This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... W. E. B. Du Bois William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (pronounced ) (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was a civil rights activist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar, and socialist. ...

In a letter dated March 18, 1915, in response to a letter from Grimke regarding his proposals, Woodson wrote, is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

I am not afraid of being sued by white businessmen. In fact, I should welcome such a law suit. It would do the cause much good. Let us banish fear. We have been in this mental state for three centuries. I am a radical. I am ready to act, if I can find brave men to help me.

Apparently, this difference of opinion with Grimke contributed to the termination of Woodson's short-lived affiliation with the NAACP.

Roadside historical marker biography of Woodson

On September 9, 1915, Dr. Woodson met in Chicago with Alexander L. Jackson, Executive Secretary of the new Negro YMCA branch. In addition to Woodson and Jackson, three other men were present: George C. Hall, W. B. Hargrove, and J. E. Stamps. At this meeting they formed the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, and appointed Dr. Woodson Executive Director, a post he held until his death. ^{[dubious – discuss]} Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1056 KB) Summary Self-made photo of a roadside marker about Carter G. Woodson in Huntington, WV, near the intersection of Carter G. Woodson Ave. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1056 KB) Summary Self-made photo of a roadside marker about Carter G. Woodson in Huntington, WV, near the intersection of Carter G. Woodson Ave. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the association. ...

The early years of the Association were difficult times, but it did not deter Woodson because on January 1, 1916, he alone began to publish the Journal of Negro History, a quarterly publication. He distributed the first edition on his own initiative. The publishing of the Journal coincided with the year of the arrival of Marcus Garvey. In 1926, Woodson single-handedly pioneered the celebration of "Negro History Week", the second week in February, which has since been extended to the entire month of February. Because of Woodson's belief in self-reliance and racial respect, it is only natural that the paths of Dr. Woodson and the Hon. Marcus Garvey would cross; their views were very similar. Woodson became a regular columnist for Garvey's weekly Negro World. is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Marcus Garvey in 1924 Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. ...

Colleagues

Dr. Woodson's political activism placed him at the center of activity and was in contact with many black intellectuals and activists between the 1920s and 1940s. He corresponded with individuals such as W.E.B. DuBois, John E. Bruce, Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, Hubert H. Harrison, and T. Thomas Fortune among others. Even with the monumental duties connected with the Association, Woodson still found time to write extensive and scholarly works such as The History of the Negro Church (1922), The Mis-Education of the Negro (1933), and many other books which continue to have wide readership today. The 1920s is a decade that is sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... W. E. B. Du Bois William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (pronounced ) (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was a civil rights activist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar, and socialist. ... John Edward (Bruce), also known as Bruce Grit (1856 - 1924) was born a slave in Maryland, USA. John Edward Bruce (22 February 1856 to 7 August 1924), journalist, historian, writer, orator, and Pan Afrikan nationalist, was born in Piscataway, Maryland, to enslaved parents Robert and Martha Allen (Clark) Bruce. ... Arturo Alfonso Schomburg a. ... Hubert Henry Harrison (1883-1927) Born Saint Croix V.I. This self-taught and widely hailed Harlem intellectual was editor in 1920 of the Negro World published by Marcus Garvey. ... Timothy Thomas Fortune (b. ... The Mis-Education of the Negro is a book originally published in 1933 by Dr. Carter Godwin Woodson. ...

He was never one to shy away from a controversial subject, & utilized the pages of Negro World to contribute to various fashionable debates. One of these debates was on West Indian-African American relations. Woodson summarized that "the West Indian Negro is free." He felt that West Indian societies had been more successful at properly dedicating the necessary amounts of time & resources needed to realisticly educate and genuinely emancipate people. These opinions were the result of observing and approving of the efforts on the part of the West Indians to inject Black materials into their school curricula.

Woodson was often ostracized by many African-American educators and intellectuals of the time because of his insistence on inviting special attention to one's race. At the time, these educators felt that it was wrong to teach or understand African-American history as in any way separate from a general (usually Eurocentric) view of American history. According to these educators, "Negroes" were simply Americans, darker skinned, but with no history a part from that of any other. Thus Woodson's efforts to get Black culture and history into the curricula of institutions (even Historically Black ones) were often unsuccessful.

Woodson's legacy

Statue of Woodson in Huntington, West Virginia

Woodson remained focused on his work throughout his life, never being deterred by the efforts of others. Many see him as a man of vision and understanding. Although Dr. Woodson was among the ranks of the educated few, he did not feel particularly sentimental to elite educational institutions. The Association which he started in 1915 remains today, with the Journal of African American History still published as a quarterly journal. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1060 KB) Summary Self-made photo of a statue of Carter G. Woodson in Huntington, WV, located near intersection of Carter G. Woodson Ave. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1060 KB) Summary Self-made photo of a statue of Carter G. Woodson in Huntington, WV, located near intersection of Carter G. Woodson Ave. ...

Dr. Woodson's other far-reaching activities includes the organization in 1920 of the Associated Publishers, the oldest African American publishing company in the United States, which made possible the publication of books concerning blacks which were not at that time acceptable to many publishers; the establishment of Negro History Week in 1926 (now known as Black History Month); and the initial publication of the Negro History Bulletin, published continuously by the Association since 1937, and originally created for teachers in elementary and high school grades. Woodson also influenced the direction and subsidizing of research in African American history by the Association, and wrote numerous articles, monographs and books on Blacks. The Negro in Our History reached its eleventh edition in 1966, when it had sold more than 90,000 copies. Dr. Woodson's most cherished ambition, a six-volume Encyclopedia Africana, lay incomplete at the time of his death on April 3, 1950. He is buried at Lincoln Memorial Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland, just across the southeast boundary of Washington, D.C. is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Suitland-Silver Hill is a census-designated place located in Prince Georges County, Maryland. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 90 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29...

In 1992, the Library of Congress held an exhibition entitled "Moving Back Barriers: The Legacy of Carter G. Woodson". Woodson donated 5,000 items from the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries to the Library. Dorothy Porter Wesley stated that "Woodson would wrap up his publications, take them to the post office and have dinner at the YMCA". He would teasingly decline her dinner invitations saying, "No, you are trying to marry me off. I am married to my work". The Library of Congress is the de facto national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress. ...

His Washington, D.C. home has been preserved as the Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site. Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site at 1538 9th Street, NW in Washington, D.C., preserves the home of Carter G. Woodson (1875–1950). ...

Selected bibliography

• The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861 (1915)
• A Century of Negro Migration (1918)
• The History of the Negro Church (1921)
• The Negro in Our History (1922)
• Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830, Together With Absentee Ownership of Slaves in the United States in 1830 (1924)
• Free Negro Heads of Families in the United States in 1830, Together With a Brief Treatment of the Free Negro (1925)
• Negro Orators and Their Orations (1925)
• The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis, 1800-1860 (1927)
• Negro Makers of History (1928)
• African Myths, Together With Proverbs (1928)
• The Rural Negro (1930)
• The Negro Wage Earner (1930)
• The Mis-Education of the Negro (1933)
• The Negro Professional Man and the Community, With Special Emphasis on the Physician and the Lawyer (1934)
• The Story of the Negro Retold (1935)
• The African Background Outlined: Or, Handbook for the Study of the Negro (1936)
• African Heroes and Heroines (1939)
• The Works of Francis J. Grimké (1942)

Places named after Woodson

• Woodson K-8 School in Houston, Texas
• Woodson Regional Library in Chicago [3]
• Carter G. Woodson Elementary, Crisfield, MD [4]
• Carter G. Woodson Elementary School in New Orleans, LA.

Carter G. Woodson K-8 School is a combined primary and secondary school located in Houston, Texas, United States. ... Houston redirects here. ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Crisfield is a city located in Somerset County, Maryland. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... Look up la, LA, La in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

External links

• The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)

Woodson's writings

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Carter G. Woodson

• The Mis-Education of the Negro by Carter Godwin Woodson (full text)
• Works by Carter G. Woodson at Project Gutenberg
• The History of the Negro Church. ISBN 0-87498-000-3. 
• Mis-Education of the Negro. ISBN 0-86543-171-X. 

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ...

Other information about Dr. Woodson

• Dr. Carter G. Woodson
• AFRICAN HISTORIAN REFERENCE GUIDE: CARTER G. WOODSON (1875-1950)
• HISTORY NOTES: DR. CARTER GODWIN WOODSON AND THE OBSERVANCE OF AFRICAN HISTORY
• Library of Congress Traveling Exhibit Examines Contributions of Black History Pioneer C.G. Woodson
• Library of Congress Initiates Traveling Exhibits Program
• The Carter G. Woodson Collection of Negro Papers and Related Documents