Carthaginian Peace refers to a peace brought about through the total destruction of the enemy. Widely-recognized peace symbol Peace is commonly understood to mean the Other definitions include freedom from disputes, harmonious relations and the absence of mental stress or anxiety, as the meaning of the word changes with context. ...

Origin

The term refers to the end of a series of wars between Rome and the Phoenician city of Carthage, known as the Punic Wars. The two empires fought three separate wars against each other, beginning in 264 BC and ending in 146 BC. For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plains of what are now Lebanon and Syria. ... A map of the central Mediterranean Sea, showing the location of Carthage (near modern Tunis). ... The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and the Phoenician city of Carthage. ... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC - 260s BC - 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC Years: 269 BC 268 BC 267 BC 266 BC 265 BC - 264 BC - 263 BC 262 BC... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC - 140s BC - 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC Years: 151 BC 150 BC 149 BC 148 BC 147 BC - 146 BC - 145 BC 144 BC...

At the end of the Third Punic War, the Romans laid siege to Carthage. When they took the city they killed most of the inhabitants, sold the rest into slavery, destroyed the entire city, and sowed the ground salt so that nothing could ever grow there again. These final acts by the Romans are what gave origin to the phrase Carthaginian Peace. The Third Punic War was fought between Carthage and the Rome from 149 BC to 146 BC. It was the third of three major wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, and the Roman Republic. ... Slavery is a condition in which one person, known as a slave, is under the control of another. ... Salting the earth refers to the practice of spreading salt on fields to make them incapable of being used for crop-growing. ...

Though not applied to this war, the famous quote from Tacitus, "they make a wasteland and call it peace," summarizes the attitude.

Modern Use

Modern use of the term is often extended to any peace settlement in which the peace terms are overly harsh and designed to perpetuate the inferiority of the loser. Thus many (the economist John Maynard Keynes among them) deemed the Versailles Treaty to be a "Carthaginian Peace." John Maynard Keynes (right) and Harry Dexter White at the Bretton Woods Conference John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, CB (pronounced kānz / kAnze) (June 5, 1883 – April 21, 1946) was a British economist whose ideas had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on... Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers. ...

The Morgenthau Plan, which was dropped in favour of the Marshall Plan, advocated the 'pastoralization' (de-industrialization) of Germany following World War II, which might be described in Carthaginian terms. Also, some critics of the Second Iraq War have based their criticisms partially on the belief that Iraq will be saddled with a Carthaginian Peace. The Morgenthau Plan was a plan for the occupation of Germany after the Second World War that advocated harsh measures that would permanently destroy Germany as a major power. ... Map of Europe showing the countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ... Combatants Coalition Forces (United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Poland) Iraq Commanders Tommy Franks Saddam Hussein Strength 263,000 375,000 The 2003 Invasion of Iraq began on March 20 and consisted mainly of United States and United Kingdom forces. ...