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The cashew (Anacardium occidentale; syn. Anacardium curatellifolium A.St.-Hil.) is a tree in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The plant is native to northeastern Brazil. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew "nuts" (see below) and cashew apples. Image File history File links Source: [1] Details: Country: Guinea Sector: Agriculture Credit: L. Lartigue Caption: File links The following pages link to this file: Cashew ...
Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ...
Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering...
Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ...
Orders See text. ...
Families See text Sapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. ...
Genera See text Anacardiaceae is a family of flowering plants bearing fruits that are drupes. ...
Binomial name Anacardium occidentale L. The Cashew Anacardium occidentale is a tree in the flowering plant family, Brazil, where it is called by its Portuguese name Cajú (the fruit) or Cajueiro (the tree). ...
Latin name redirects here. ...
Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...
In scientific nomenclature, synonymy refers to the existence of more than one name for one taxon. ...
Augustin François César Prouvençal de Saint-Hilaire. ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...
Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ...
Genera See text Anacardiaceae is a family of flowering plants bearing fruits that are drupes. ...
For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
The Tupi language group consists of 6 languages in the Tupi-Guarani sublanguage family: Tupi Antigo, Nhengatu, Tupinkin, Potiguara, Omagua, and Cocoma. ...
A noontime scene from the Philippines on a day when the Sun is almost directly overhead. ...
 'Anacardium occidentale', from Koehler's 'Medicinal-Plants' (1887) It is a small evergreen tree growing to 10-12m (~32 ft) tall, with a short, often irregularly-shaped trunk. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4 to 22 cm long and 2 to 15 cm broad, with a smooth margin. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm long, each flower small, pale green at first then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7 to 15 mm long. Image File history File links Koeh-010. ...
Image File history File links Koeh-010. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Anacardium_occidentale_tree. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Anacardium_occidentale_tree. ...
This article is about plant types. ...
Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
For other uses, see Flower (disambiguation). ...
White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structures holding the fruits. ...
White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structure A panicle is a compound raceme; a branched, indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers (and fruit) attached along the secondary branches (in another words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes). ...
What appears to be the fruit of the cashew tree is an oval or pear-shaped accessory fruit or false fruit that develops from the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as "marañón", it ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5–11 cm long. It is edible, and has a strong "sweet" smell and a sweet taste. The pulp of the cashew apple is very juicy, and the skin is fragile, thus making it unsuitable for transport. For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...
An accessory fruit is a fruit in which the fleshy part is derived not from the ovary (or surrounding stem, if the ovary is inferior) but from some adjacent tissue. ...
The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the pseudofruit. Actually, the drupe develops first on the tree, and then the peduncle expands into the pseudofruit. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the fruit of the cashew is a seed. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing a dermatogenic phenolic resin, urushiol, a potent skin irritant toxin also found in the related poison ivy. Some people are allergic to cashew nuts, but cashews are a less frequent allergen than nuts or peanuts. The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit) In botany, a drupe is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp or skin and mesocarp or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. ...
In botany, a peduncle is a flower stalk supporting either a cluster or a solitary flower. ...
A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Nut (disambiguation). ...
Pinguicula grandiflora commonly known as a Butterwort Example of a cross section of a stem [1] Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ...
For information on urushiol poisoning, see Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. ...
For other uses, see Toxin (disambiguation). ...
Binomial name Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans or Rhus toxicodendron), in the family Anacardiaceae, is a woody vine that is well-known for its ability to produce urushiol, a skin irritant which for most people will cause an agonizing, itching rash. ...
An allergen is any substance (antigen), most often eaten or inhaled, that is recognized by the immune system and causes an allergic reaction. ...
Look up nuts in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about the legume. ...
Other names include: cajueiro, cashu, casho, acajuiba, caju, acajou, acaju, acajaiba, alcayoiba, anacarde, anacardier, anacardo, Andi parippu (in Malayalam), cacajuil, cajou, gajus, godambi (in Kannada), jeedi pappu (in Telugu), jocote maranon, maranon, merey, Mundhiri paruppu (Tamil), noix d’acajou, pomme cajou, pomme, jambu, jambu golok, jambu mete, jambu monyet, jambu terong, kasoy. In the Antilles, in Puerto Rico, it is known as pajuil and in the Dominican Republic as the cajuil. The pseudofruit is the main part used as raw fruit. The Antilles (the same in French; Antillas in Spanish; Antillen in Dutch) refers to the islands forming the greater part of the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea. ...
Cashew Industry
 Cashew nut output in 2005 Originally spread from Brazil by the Portuguese, the cashew tree is now cultivated in all regions with a sufficiently warm and humid climate. Cashew is produced in around 32 countries of the world. The world production figures of cashew crop, published by the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), was around 3.1 million tons per annum. The major raw cashew producing countries with their production figures in 2006 (as per the FAO) are Vietnam (941,600 tons), Nigeria (636,000 tons), India (573,000 tons), Brazil (236,140 tons) and Indonesia (122,000 tons). Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 58 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of cashew nut output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (Vietnam - 960,800 tonnes). ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 58 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of cashew nut output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (Vietnam - 960,800 tonnes). ...
The term humidity is usually taken in daily language to refer to relative humidity. ...
World’s total area under the cultivation of cashew is around 33,900 km². India ranks first in area utilized for cashew production, though its yields are relatively low. The world’s average yield is 817 pounds per acre (916 kg/hectare) of land
Collectively, Vietnam, Nigeria, India and Brazil account for more than 90% of all cashew kernel exports. Some varieties of cashews come from Kollam or Quilon in Kerala, Southern India which alone produces 4,000 tons of cashews per annum. The major trading centers of cashew in India are Palasa, Kollam or Quilon Mangalore and Kochi. , For the district with the same name, see Kollam District. ...
Kollam, formerly known as Quilon, is a city in Kerala which is also the headquarters of a district by the same name. ...
, Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ...
| Top Ten Cashew Producers — 2005 | | Country | Production (Int $1000) | Footnote | Production (MT) | Footnote |
 Vietnam | 543,364 | C | 827,000 | F |
 India | 302,234 | C | 460,000 | F |
 Brazil | 165,091 | C | 251,268 | |
 Nigeria | 139,947 | C | 213,000 | F |
 Indonesia | 80,158 | C | 122,000 | F |
 Tanzania | 65,703 | C | 100,000 | F |
 Côte d'Ivoire | 59,133 | C | 90,000 | F |
 Guinea-Bissau | 53,219 | C | 81,000 | F |
 Mozambique | 38,108 | C | 58,000 | F |
 Benin | 26,281 | C | 40,000 | F | No symbol = official figure,F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial figure, C = Calculated figure;
Production in Int $1000 have been calculated based on 1999-2001 international prices
Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division Image File history File links Flag_of_Vietnam. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Brazil. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Tanzania. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Mozambique. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Benin. ...
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Uses
Cashew nuts, roasted and salted The cashew apple is used for its juicy but acidic pulp, which can be eaten raw or used in the production of jam, chutney, or various beverages. Depending on local customs, its juice is also processed and distilled into liquor or consumed diluted and sugared as a refreshing drink, Cajuína. Ripe cashew apples also make good caipirinha. In Goa, India, the cashew apple is the source of juicy pulp used to prepare feni, a locally popular distilled liquor. In Nicaragua the cashew apple has many uses, it is often eaten or made into juice and also processed to create sweets and jellies. Other uses in Nicaragua include fermentation to produce wine and home-vinegar.[1] The cashew apple contains much tannin and is very perishable. For this reason, in many parts of the world, the false fruit is simply discarded after removal of the cashew nut. Cashew Apple Photo by Eric Bear Albrecht, July 11, 2004. ...
Cashew Apple Photo by Eric Bear Albrecht, July 11, 2004. ...
Download high resolution version (1024x768, 54 KB)cashew nut snack, roasted and salted ; 23. ...
Download high resolution version (1024x768, 54 KB)cashew nut snack, roasted and salted ; 23. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 2350 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 2350 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ...
Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ...
In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ...
Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17ClN4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ...
Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in animals. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. ...
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin required to sustain life (essential nutrient). ...
Pyridoxine Pyridoxal phosphate Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin. ...
Folic acid (the anion form is called folate) is a B-complex vitamin (once called vitamin M) that is important in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing human fetus. ...
This article is about the nutrient. ...
For other uses, see Calcium (disambiguation). ...
General Name, symbol, number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ...
Introduction Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. ...
General Name, symbol, number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Standard atomic weight 30. ...
General Name, symbol, number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, period, block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 39. ...
General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ...
Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group. ...
Jam from berries Jam (also known as jelly or preserves) is a type of sweet spread or condiment made with fruits or sometimes vegetables, sugar, and sometimes pectin if the fruits natural pectin content is insufficient to produce a thick product. ...
This article is about the condiment. ...
Spirits redirects here. ...
CajuÃna is a non-alcoholic, non-carbonated beverage made of blended cashew apples. ...
Caipirinha (pronounced []) is Brazils national cocktail made with Cachaça (pronounced IPA: ), sugar and lime. ...
For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ...
Photo of a bottle of Big Boss cashew fenny Fenny is an Indian liquor made from either coconut or the juice of the cashew apple. ...
For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ...
A bottle of tannic acid. ...
The urushiol must be removed from the dark green nut shells before the seed inside is processed for consumption; this is done by shelling the nuts, a somewhat hazardous process, and exceedingly painful skin rashes (similar to poison-ivy rashes) among processing workers are common. In India urushiol is traditionally used to control tamed elephants by their mahouts (riders or keepers). The so-called "raw cashews" available in health food shops have been cooked but not roasted or browned. For information on urushiol poisoning, see Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. ...
A mahout is a person who drives an elephant. ...
Cashew nuts are a common ingredient in Asian cooking. They can also be ground into a spread called cashew butter similar to peanut butter. Cashews have a very high oil content, and they are used in some other nut butters to add extra oil. Cashews contain 180 calories per ounce (6 calories per gram), 70% of which are from fat. Asian cuisine is a term for the various cuisines of South, East and Southeast Asia and for fusion dishes based on combining them. ...
Peanut butter in a jar. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ...
The liquid contained within the shell casing of the cashew, known as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL), has a variety of industrial uses which were first developed in the 1930s. CNSL is fractionated in a process similar to the distillation of petroleum, and has two primary end products: solids that are pulverized and used as friction particle for brake linings, and an amber-colored liquid that is aminated to create phenalkamine curing agents and resin modifiers. Phenalkamines are primarily used in epoxy coatings for the marine and flooring markets, as they have intense hydrophobic properties and are capable of remaining chemically active at low temperatures. Petro redirects here. ...
The general structure of an amine Amines are organic compounds and a type of functional group that contain nitrogen as the key atom. ...
Phenalkamines are curing agents that provide rapid cure at low temperatures (<40F), with a workable pot life. ...
In chemistry, epoxy or polyepoxide is a thermosetting epoxide polymer that cures (polymerizes and crosslinks) when mixed with a catalyzing agent or hardener. Most common epoxy resins are produced from a reaction between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A. The first commercial attempts to prepare resins from epichlorohydrin occurred in 1927 in...
Medicine Anacardic acids found in cashews have been used effectively in vivo against tooth abcesses due to their lethality to gram-positive bacteria. They are also active against a wide range of other gram-positive bacteria. Many parts of the plant are used by the Patamona of Guyana medicinally. The bark is scraped and soaked overnight or boiled as an antidiarrheal. Seeds are ground up into powders used for antivenom for snake bites. The nut oil is used topically as an antifungal and for healing cracked heels.[2] Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining, in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, which are not affected by the stain. ...
The Patamona (alternate names: Ingariko, Eremagok, Kapon) are an Amerindian group, known archaeologically from pottery collections in the Yawong Valley and the upper Siparuni River in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. ...
Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. ...
For other uses, see Snake (disambiguation). ...
Something antifungal kills or inhibits the growth of fungus. ...
See also - Wild Cashew - the species Anacardium excelsum
- Anacardium Giganteum, also known as Wild Cashew, used medicinally.
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 514 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 700 pixel, file size: 269 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 514 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 700 pixel, file size: 269 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Binomial name Anacardium excelsum L. The Wild Cashew or Espavé (Anacardium excelsum; syn. ...
References and external links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Picture Gallery Cashew Fruit- Stages of Development Cashew Inflorescence with developing fruit Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 400 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (534 × 800 pixel, file size: 529 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Author: S.Ballal, Ahmedabad, India File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
| A mature cashew apple ready to be harvested Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 400 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (534 × 800 pixel, file size: 576 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Author: S.Ballal, Ahmedabad, India File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
| Harvested Cashew ready to be processed- Goa India Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...
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