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Encyclopedia > Castel Sant'Angelo

Coordinates: 41.903064° N 12.466355° E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

For the town with the same name, see Castel Sant'Angelo (RI)
Castel Sant'Angelo from the bridge. The angel statue on the top depicts the angel from whom the building derives its name.
Castel Sant'Angelo from the bridge. The angel statue on the top depicts the angel from whom the building derives its name.
Castel Sant'Angelo.
Castel Sant'Angelo.

The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as the Castel Sant'Angelo, is a towering cylindrical building in Rome, initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. The building, located in the rione of Borgo, spent over a thousand years as a fortress and castle, and is now a museum. Castel SantAngelo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Latium, located about 70 km northeast of Rome and about 12 km east of Rieti. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1491x945, 332 KB) Description: Castel Sant Angelo, Roma. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1491x945, 332 KB) Description: Castel Sant Angelo, Roma. ... Castel SantAngelo in Rome, Italy. ... Castel SantAngelo in Rome, Italy. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 –– July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was emperor of Rome from 117 A.D. to 138 A.D., as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ... St. ... Rione (plural: rioni) is the name given to a ward in several Italian cities, the best-known of which is Rome. ... Logo of the rione Borgo is the XIV rione of Rome. ...

Contents

Hadrian's tomb

The tomb of the Roman emperor Hadrian was erected on the right bank of the Tiber, between 135 and 139. Originally the mausoleum was a decorated cylinder, with a garden top and golden quadriga. Hadrian's ashes were placed here a year after his death in Baiae in 138, together with those of his wife Sabina, and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138. Following this, the remains of succeeding emperors were also placed here, the last recorded deposition being Caracalla in 217. The urns containing these ashes were probably placed in what is now known as the Treasury room deep within the building. Hadrian also built the Ponte Sant'Angelo facing straight onto the mausoleum -- it still provides a scenic approach from the center of Rome and the right bank of the Tiber, and is renowned for the Baroque additions of statuary of angels holding aloft elements of the Passion of Christ. Tiber River in Rome The Tiber (Italian Tevere, Latin Tiberis), the third-longest river in Italy at 406 km (252 miles) after the Po and the Adige, flows through Rome in its course from Mount Fumaiolo to the Tyrrhenian Sea, which it reaches in two branches that cross the suburbs... For other uses, see number 135. ... Events Births Deaths Zhang Heng, Chinese mathematician Categories: 139 ... A quadriga (from the Latin language quadri-, four, and jungere, to yoke) is a four-horse chariot, raced in the Olympic Games and other sacred games, and represented in profile as the usual chariot of gods and heroes on Greek vases and bas-reliefs. ... Baiae (Italian: Baia), in the Campania region of Italy on the Bay of Naples, today a frazione of the comune of Bacoli, was for several hundred years a fashionable and luxurious coastal resort, especially towards the end of the period of the Roman Republic. ... Events February 25 - Roman emperor Hadrian adopted Antoninus Pius on condition that Antonius would adopt Marcus Annius Aurelius Verus. ... Lucius Aelius as Caesar. ... Caracalla (April 4, 186 – April 8, 217) was Roman Emperor from 211 – 217. ... Events Macrinus becomes Roman Emperor on the death of Caracalla. ... Ponte SantAngelo. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... The Passion is the technical term for the suffering and Agony of Jesus that led directly to the Crucifixion, a central Christian event. ...


Destruction

Much of the tomb contents and decoration has been lost since the building's conversion into a military fortress in 401 and inclusion by Flavius Augustus Honorius in the Aurelian Walls. The urns and ashes were scattered by Visigothic looters in Alaric's sack of Rome in 410, and the original decorative bronze and stone statuary was thrown down upon the attacking Goths when they besieged Rome in 537, as recounted by Procopius. An unusual survival, however, is the capstone of a funerary urn (most probably that of Hadrian), which made its way to Saint Peter's Basilica and was recycled in a massive Renaissance baptistery. That spolia from the tomb had been used in the post-Roman period was already appreciated in the 16th century - Giorgio Vasari writes: Table of Fortification, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... // Events Pope Innocent I succeeds Pope Anastasius I. The Vandals start their westward trek from Dacia and Hungary (or 400). ... Bronze coin bearing the profile of Honorius Flavius Augustus Honorius (September 9, 384–August 15, 423) was Emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 395 until his death. ... South section of the walls The Aurelian Walls were city walls built between 270 and 273 in Rome during the reign of the Roman Emperor Aurelian. ... Migrations The Visigoths (Western Goths) were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths being the other). ... An 1894 photogravure of Alaric I taken from a painting by Ludwig Thiersch. ... An anachronistic fifteenth-century miniature depicting the sack of 410. ... Events Alaric I deposes Priscus Attalus as Roman Emperor. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche, is a highly romanticized portrait of the Goths as cavalrymen. ... Events Pope Silverius deposed by Belisarius at the order of Justinian, who appoints as his successor Pope Vigilius. ... Procopius of Caesarea (in Greek Προκόπιος, c. ... Drawing of Old Saint Peters Basilica at about 1450. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. ... Datation of the reliefs in the Arch of Constantine. ... Giorgio Vasaris selfportrait Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ...

The original angel by Raffaello da Montelupo.
The original angel by Raffaello da Montelupo.
Verschaffelt's replacement
Verschaffelt's replacement
...in order to build churches for the use of the Christians, not only were the most honoured temples of the idols [ie pagan Roman gods] destroyed, but in order to ennoble and decorate Saint Peter's with more ornaments than it then possessed, they took away the stone columns from the tomb of Hadrian, now the castle of Sant'Angelo, as well as many other things which we now see in ruins.[1]

Legend holds that the Archangel Michael appeared atop the mausoleum, sheathing his sword as a sign of the end of the plague of 590, thus lending the castle its present name. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 371 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (566 × 914 pixel, file size: 402 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 371 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (566 × 914 pixel, file size: 402 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 452 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (666 × 884 pixel, file size: 419 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ange de Pietro Van Verschaffelt (1753), au sommet du château Saint-Ange (Rome). ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 452 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (666 × 884 pixel, file size: 419 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ange de Pietro Van Verschaffelt (1753), au sommet du château Saint-Ange (Rome). ... Guido Renis archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Sta. ... Events September 3 - St. ...


Papal fortress, residence and prison

Bathroom of Pope Clement VII.
Bathroom of Pope Clement VII.

The popes converted the structure into a castle, from the 14th century; Pope Nicholas III connected the castle to St. Peter's Basilica by a covered fortified corridor called the Passetto di Borgo. The fortress was the refuge of Pope Clement VII from the siege of Charles V's Landsknecht during the Sack of Rome (1527), in which Benvenuto Cellini describes strolling the ramparts and shooting enemy soldiers. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 272 KB) Summary Description: Bathroom of pope Clement VII in the Castel SantAngelo, Rome. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 272 KB) Summary Description: Bathroom of pope Clement VII in the Castel SantAngelo, Rome. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... . Nicholas III, né Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (Rome, ca. ... This article is about the famous building in Rome. ... The Passetto, or Passetto di Borgo, is a secret passage that links the Vatican City with the Castle of Sant Angelo. ... For the antipope (1378–1394) see antipope Clement VII and other Popes named Clement see Pope Clement. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... Landsknecht. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Gold Salt cellar by Cellini. ...


Leo X built a chapel with a fine Madonna by Raffaello da Montelupo. In 1536 Montelupo also created a marble statue of Saint Michael holding his sword after the 590 plague (as described above) to surmount the Castel.[2] Later Paul III built a rich apartment, to ensure that in any future siege the Pope had an appropriate place to stay. Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... Raffaello da Montelupo (c. ... Guido Renis archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Sta. ... Pope Paul III with his cardinal-nephew Alessandro Cardinal Farnese (left) and his other grandson (right), Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 – November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death 1549. ...


Montelupo's statue was replaced by a bronze statue of the same subject, executed by the Flemish sculptor Peter Anton von Verschaffelt, in 1753. Verschaffelt's is still in place, though Montelupo's can be seen in an open court in the interior of the Castle. Peter Anton von Verschaffelt Peter Anton von Verschaffelt (8 May 1710 in Ghent, Flanders, Belgium - 5 July 1793 in Mannheim, Germany) was a Flemish sculptor and architect. ... 1753 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...


The Papal state also used Sant'Angelo as a prison; Giordano Bruno, for example, was imprisoned there for six years. Executions were made in the small interior square. As a prison, it was also the setting for the third act of Giacomo Puccini's Tosca from whose ramparts the eponymous heroine of the opera leaps to her death. Giordano Bruno. ... Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (December 22, 1858 – November 29, 1924) was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly, are among the most frequently performed in the standard repertoire. ... For other uses, see Tosca (disambiguation). ...


Museum

Decommissioned in 1901, the castle is now a museum, the Museo Nazionale di Castel Sant'Angelo. Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...


Popular culture

The Castel Sant'Angelo appeared in Dan Brown's 2000 novel Angels and Demons. The location was the secret lair for the Hassassin and is the last existing church of the Illuminati. Dan Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction, best known for the controversial 2003 bestselling novel, The Da Vinci Code. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Angels and Demons Angels and Demons (Angels & Demons) is a bestselling mystery novel by Dan Brown. ... Secrecy is the condition of hiding information from others. ... Look up lair in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Hassassin (or The Killer) is a fictional character in the 2000 novel Angels and Demons. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...


The castle appeared in the film Roman Holiday in a scene taking place on barges on the river below. Roman Holiday is a 1953 romantic comedy. ...


In Eric Flint's alternative history novel 1635: The Cannon Law, the castle is the scene of intense fighting, and is largely destroyed. Eric Flint (born California, USA, 1947) is an American science fiction and fantasy author and editor. ... Alternative history or alternate history develops out of historiography to identify historical points of view that have been ignored, overlooked, or unseeable. ...


Notes

  1. ^ Preface, "Lives of the Artists"
  2. ^ Rome (Eyewitness Travel Guides) DK Publishing, London (2003) p. 242

See also

A photograph of Saint Peters Square and the area now occupied by the Via della Conciliazione, taken c. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Mausoleum of Hadrian
  • Satellite image
  • Castel Sant'Angelo Virtual 360° panorama and photos.
  • Site describing arrangement of the original mausoleum.
  • Encyclopedia Romana entry on the tomb on Lacus Curtius site
  • Platner and Ashby entry on the tomb on Lacus Curtius site

  Results from FactBites:
 
Castel Sant'Angelo at AllExperts (364 words)
The Castel Sant'Angelo is towering cylindrical building in Rome, initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family.
The fortress was the refuge of Pope Clement VII from the siege of Charles V Landsknecht during the Sack of Rome (1527), in which Benvenuto Cellini describes strolling the ramparts and shooting enemy soldiers.
The Pont Sant'Angelo providing a scenic approach from the center of Rome and the right bank of the Tiber dates also from Imperial Rome and is reknown for its Baroque statuary of angels holding aloft elements of the Passion of Christ.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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