Sant'Elmo is the name of both a hill and a fortress in Naples, located near the Certosa di San Martino. Together, the structures overlook Naples and are the most visible landmarks in the city. The name "Sant'Elmo" is from an old 10th-century church, Sant'Erasmo, that name being shortened to "Ermo" and, finally, "Elmo". The San Martino museum in Naples with SantElmo fortress visible behind it. ...
The fortress was started in 1329 under Robert of Anjou and completed in 1343, the year of his death. Pedro Alvarez de Toledo, the Spanish viceroy, had the fortress rebuilt between 1537 and 1546. The fortress is a star-shaped castle with six ramparts. During the revolution of 1647, so-called “Masaniello’s Revolt”, the Spanish viceroy took refuge in the fortress to escape the revolutionaries. Sant’Elmo was also the symbol of the short period of the Neapolitan Republic of 1799. King Robert I of Naples a. ... Don Pedro Alvarez de Toledo, Marques de Villafranca, was appointed the Spanish viceroy of the Kingdom of Naples in 1532 and remained until 1553. ... Masaniello, an abbreviation of Tommaso Aniello (1622 - July 16, 1647), was an Amalfi fisherman, who became leader of the revolt against Spanish rule in Naples in 1647. ... The flag of the Parthenopaen Republic was the French tricolor, with the a yellow stripe in the place of the white one The Parthenopaean Republic (Italian: Repubblica Napolitana) formed a brief interlude in the history of the Kingdom of Naples, the result of activities of France in the aftermath of... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The fortress has been restored to public use since 1980 and houses the "Bruno Molajoli" Art History museum.
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