Castellum is a small Roman detached fort or fortlet which served as a watch tower or signal station. It is the source for the word castle.
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It was probably built onto the wall of the castellum, upon the remains of which the walls of the nave and the sacristy now stand (on the side towards Stiftsherrenstrasse).
The church was the centre of the Deanery of Jülich encompassing in the 13th century 71 churches in the Jülich, Düren, Eschweiler and Geilenkirchen districts as well as in Burtscheid, a suburb of Aachen.
The northwest corner of the castellum, which was used well into the Middle Ages, was probably in the region of an elevated terrace (wall, mound of earth) in a backyard between upper Kleine Rurstrasse and Raderstrasse.
Though dominated by domestic architecture, the cityscape is characterized also by the defenses of castellum towers and an enclosure wall, the imperial markers of a Roman Praetorium and provincial temple, and fourteen Byzantine churches.
The later castellum, also referred to as the "barracks," consists of rooms surrounding a central courtyard, and two towers that survive to a second storey.
Despite its solid, durable construction, the later castellum signaled a reduced military presence in the thriving town, affirming that locals in frontier towns depended on tribal federations for protection.
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