Commune of Commune of Castres
Location
Longitude	02° 14' 27" Est
Latitude	43° 36' 24" Nord
Administration
Country	France
Region	Midi-Pyrénées
Department	Tarn (sous-préfecture)
Arrondissement	Castres
Canton	chef-lieu of 4 cantons
Intercommunality	communauté d'agglomération de Castres - Mazamet
Mayor	Pascal Bugis (2001-2008)
Statistics
Altitude	151 m–367 m (avg. 170 m)
Land area¹	98,17 km²
Population² (2005)	43300
- Density ()	443/km²
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	81065/ 81100
¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
² Population sans doubles comptes: single count of residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel).

Castres (Castras in the Languedocian dialect of Occitan language) is a town and commune of Languedoc in south-western France. It is the capital of an arrondissement in the département of Tarn, itself in the région of Midi-Pyrénées. Longitude is the east-west geographic coordinate measurement most commonly utilized in cartography and global navigation. ... Latitude,usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi, , gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the equator. ... This is an alphabetical list of countries of the world, including independent states (both those that are internationally recognised and generally unrecognised), inhabited dependent territories and areas of special sovereignty. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... (Region flag) (Occitan cross) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Ariège Aveyron Gers Haute-Garonne Hautes-Pyrénées Lot Tarn Tarn-et-Garonne Arrondissements 22 Cantons 293 Communes 3,020 Statistics Land area1 45,348 km² Population (Ranked 8th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ... Departments (French: IPA: ) are administrative units of France and many former French colonies, roughly analogous to English counties. ... For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ... Subprefecture is an administrative level that is below prefecture or province. ... The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. ... The arrondissement of Castres is an arrondissement of France, located in the Tarn département, in the Midi-Pyrénées région. ... The cantons of France are administrative divisions subdividing arrondissements and départements. ... The commune is an administrative division of France. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... INSEE is the French abbreviation for the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (French: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques). ... Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Rio de la Plata estuary Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Estuaries An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. ... This page lists English translations of several Latin phrases and abbreviations, such as and . ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Languedocien is a Romance language akin to Provençal spoken by some people in the part of southern France known as Languedoc. ... Occitan (IPA AmE: ), known also as Lenga dòc or Langue doc (native name: occitan [1], lenga dòc [2]; native nickname: la lenga nòstra [3] i. ... The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. ... Coat of arms of the province of Languedoc, now being used as an official flag by the Midi-Pyrénees region as well as by the city of Toulouse Languedoc (pronounced ) (Lengadòc (pronounced ) in Occitan) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions... The 100 French départements are divided into 342 arrondissements. ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France and many former French colonies, roughly analogous to British counties. ... For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ... {{ Haute-Normandie ... (Region flag) (Occitan cross) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Ariège Aveyron Gers Haute-Garonne Hautes-Pyrénées Lot Tarn Tarn-et-Garonne Arrondissements 22 Cantons 293 Communes 3,020 Statistics Land area1 45,348 km² Population (Ranked 8th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ...

With a population of 61,760 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 1999, Castres is the third-largest industrial centre of Midi-Pyrénées (a predominantly rural région) after Toulouse and Tarbes, and the largest industrial centre in the part of Languedoc between Toulouse and Montpellier. New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... Location within France Tarbes is a French town and commune, in the département of Hautes-Pyrénées, of which it is the préfecture. ... Montpellier (Occitan Montpelhièr) is a city in the south of France. ...

Castres is best known as the home of famous socialist leader Jean Jaurès, as well as for its major Goya Museum of Spanish paintings. Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... Jean Jaurès. ... Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (March 30, 1746 – April 16, 1828) was a Spanish painter and printmaker. ...

Demographics

Population in 1831 was 12,032 inhabitants, and Castres was the largest town of Tarn. As it was one of the few industrial towns in the region of Albigeois (the old name of Tarn), it grew rapidly and population of the commune proper was 19,483 in 1901, and 34,126 in 1954 (44,161 inhabitants in the metropolitan area). However, with the decline of its industries, population growth diminished. Albi surpassed Castres as the most populous metropolitan area of Tarn. The population of Castres is now stagnating: after small growth in the 1970s and 1980s, it registered zero growth in the 1990s. At the 1999 census, population in the commune proper was 43,496 inhabitants, whereas the population of the metropolitan area of Castres was 61,760. For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ... Albigensians ( French: Albigeois) are the inhabitants of Albi, France. ... The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. ... In France an aire urbaine (literally: urban area) is roughly the equivalent of a US Metropolitan Statistical Area. ... Albi is a town and commune in southern France. ...

Geography

Castres is located at an altitude of 172 meters (564 ft) above sea level. It is located 45 km (29 miles) south-southeast of Albi, the préfecture (capital) of Tarn, and 79 km (49 miles) east of Toulouse, the capital of Midi-Pyrénées. Castres is intersected from north to south by the Agout and Durenque rivers. Albi is a town and commune in southern France. ... In France, a préfecture is the capital city of a département. ... For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... (Region flag) (Occitan cross) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Ariège Aveyron Gers Haute-Garonne Hautes-Pyrénées Lot Tarn Tarn-et-Garonne Arrondissements 22 Cantons 293 Communes 3,020 Statistics Land area1 45,348 km² Population (Ranked 8th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ...

Administration

Castres is the capital of an arrondissement in the Tarn département, itself in the Midi-Pyrénées région. Between 1790 and 1797 Castres was the préfecture of Tarn. The 100 French départements are divided into 342 arrondissements. ... For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France and many former French colonies, roughly analogous to British counties. ... (Region flag) (Occitan cross) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Ariège Aveyron Gers Haute-Garonne Hautes-Pyrénées Lot Tarn Tarn-et-Garonne Arrondissements 22 Cantons 293 Communes 3,020 Statistics Land area1 45,348 km² Population (Ranked 8th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ... France is divided into 26 régions: 21 of these are in the continental part of metropolitan France, one is Corse on the island of Corsica (although strictly speaking Corse is in fact a territorial collectivity, not a région, but is referred to as a région in common... For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ...

Since 2001, the mayor of Castres is Pascal Bugis (right, member of UMP), who defeated the then socialist mayor in the 2001 election, after a campaign focused on the bad records of the socialist mayor on fighting crime, and the high level of insecurity in town. The Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un Mouvement Populaire, UMP), is the main French centre-right political party. ... The emblem of the French Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste or PS), founded in 1969, is the main opposition party in France. ...

Castres has teamed up with the nearby town of Mazamet (22 km/13 miles southeast of Castres) and the independent suburbs and villages in between to create the Greater Castres-Mazamet Council (Communauté d'agglomération de Castres-Mazamet), which was born in January 2000 (succeeding a previous district which had been created in 1993 with less powers than the current council). The Greater Castres-Mazamet Council groups 16 independent communes (including Castres and Mazamet), with a total population of 79,988 inhabitants (as of 1999 census), 54% of these living in the commune of Castres proper, 13% in the commune of Mazamet, and the rest in the communes in between. Mazamet is a town and commune of southwestern France, in the Tarn département, 41 m. ... The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. ...

The Greater Castres-Mazamet Council was created in order to better coordinate transport, infrastructure, housing, and economic policies between the communes of the area. Current president of the Greater Castres-Mazamet Council is Jacques Limouzy (Gaullist, member of UMP), former mayor of Castres before 1995, who became president in 2001. Charles de Gaulle, in his generals uniform Gaullism (French: Gaullisme) is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle. ...

History

The name of the town comes from Latin castrum, and means "fortified place". Castres grew up round the Benedictine abbey of Saint Benoît, which is believed to have been founded in AD 647, possibly on the site of an old Roman fort (castrum). Castres became an important stop on the international pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela in Spain because its abbey-church, built in the 9th century, was keeping the relics of Saint Vincent, the renowned martyr of Spain. It was a place of some importance as early as the 12th century, and ranked as the second town of the Albigeois behind Albi. Despite the decline of its abbey, which in 1074 came under the authority of Saint Victor abbey in Marseille, Castres was granted a liberal charter in the 12th century by the famous Trencavel family, viscounts of Albi. Resulting from the charter, Castres was ruled by a college of consuls. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... In the Roman Empire, a castra (the plural form of castrum, castri, a fortification) was a Roman military camp. ... For the college, see Benedictine College. ... Bold textTHIS IS THE PAGE THAT A.S. REALLY NEEDS!! THIS IS NOW MARKED!!! ] ps i like A.O. This article is about an abbey as a Christian monastic community. ... Events The Cheomseongdae astronomical observatory is constructed in Silla around this time. ... St James the Moor Slayer. ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... Look up Martyr in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Albigensians ( French: Albigeois) are the inhabitants of Albi, France. ... Albi is a town and commune in southern France. ... City flag Coat of arms Motto: By her great deeds, the city of Massilia shines Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Department Bouches-du-Rhône (13) Subdivisions 16 arrondissements (in 8 secteurs) Intercommunality Urban Community of Marseille Provence M... The Trencavel were an important noble family in Languedoc (in the southwest of modern-day France) during the 10th through 13th centuries. ...

During the Albigensian Crusade it surrendered of its own accord to Simon de Montfort, and thus entered into the kingdom of France in 1229. In 1317, Pope John XXII established the bishopric of Castres. In 1356, the town of Castres was raised to a countship by King John II of France. However, the town greatly suffered from the Black Plague in 1347-1348, then from the Black Prince of England and the Free Companies (bands of lawless mercenaries) who laid waste the country during the Hundred Years' War. Consequently, by the late 14th century Castres entered a period of sharp decline. In 1375, there were only 4,000 inhabitants left in town, only half the figure from a century before. Following the confiscation of the possessions of Jacques d'Armagnac, duke of Nemours, to which the countship of Castres had passed, it was bestowed in 1476 by King Louis XI on Boffille de Juge (Boffillo del Giudice), an Italian nobleman and adventurer serving as a diplomat for Louis XI, but the appointment led to so much disagreement (family feud between Boffille de Juge, his only daughter, and his brother-in-law) that the countship was united to the crown by King Francis I in 1519. The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209 - 1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the heresy of the Cathars of Languedoc. ... Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, also Simon IV de Montfort (1160 – June 25, 1218) was a French nobleman who took part in the Fourth Crusade (1202 - 1204) and was a prominent leader of the Albigensian Crusade. ... Events February 18 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. ... Pope John XXII, born Jacques Duèze or dEuse (1249 – December 4, 1334), was the son of a shoemaker in Cahors. ... John II the Good (French: Jean II le Bon) (April 16, 1319 – April 8, 1364), was King of France 1350–1364, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou and Maine 1332–1350, Count of Poitiers 1344–1350, and Duke of Guienne 1345–1350. ... This article concerns the epidemic of the mid-14th century. ... Edward the Black Prince - illustration from Cassells History of England circa 1902 Effigy on the Black Princes tomb in Canterbury Cathedral Edward, Prince of Wales, known as the Black Prince (June 15, 1330 - June 8, 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total... Combatants France Castile Scotland Genoa Majorca Bohemia Crown of Aragon Brittany England Burgundy Brittany Portugal Navarre Flanders Hainaut Aquitaine Luxembourg Holy Roman Empire The Hundred Years War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. ... Louis XI the Prudent (French: Louis XI le Prudent) (July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483), also informally nicknamed luniverselle aragne (old French for universal spider), or the Spider King, was King of France (1461–1483). ... Boffille de Juge (d. ... Francis I (François Ier in French) (September 12, 1494 – March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ...

Around 1560, the majority of the population of Castres converted to Protestantism. In the wars of the latter part of the 16th century the inhabitants sided with the Protestant party, fortified the town, and established an independent republic. Castres was one of the largest Protestant strongholds in southern France, along with Montauban and La Rochelle. Henry of Navarre, leader of the Protestant party, who later became King Henry IV of France, stayed in Castres in 1585. The Protestants of Castres were brought to terms, however, by King Louis XIII in 1629, and Richelieu came himself to Castres to have its fortifications dismantled. Nonetheless, after these religious wars, the town, now in peace, enjoyed a period of rapid expansion. Business and traditional commercial activities revived, in particular fur and leather-dressing, tanning, and above all wool trade. Culture flourished anew, with the founding of the Academy of Castres in 1648. Castres was turned by the Catholic church into an active center of Counter-Reformation, with the establishments of several convents in town, and the building of a renowned bishop's palace by Mgr. Tubœuf, still the most famous monument in town today. A new cathedral was also built, after the destructions of the religious wars. Perhaps even more important, Castres was made the seat of the Chambre de l'Édit of the Parliament of Toulouse, a court of justice detached from the Parliament of Toulouse and in charge of dealing with the cases involving the Protestants of Languedoc, a measure of protection granted to them by the Edict of Nantes. This court attracted lots of business to Castres. In 1665, there were 7,000 inhabitants in Castres, 4,000 of whom Catholic, and 3,000 Protestant. Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Montauban (Montalban in Occitan) is a town and commune of southwestern France, préfecture (capital) of the Tarn-et-Garonne département, 31 miles north of Toulouse. ... La Rochelle is a city and commune of western France, and a seaport on the Atlantic Ocean (population 78,000 in 2004). ... Henry IV of France, also Henry III of Navarre (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses of Richelieu, see Richelieu (disambiguation). ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... Coat of arms of the province of Languedoc, now being used as an official flag by the Midi-Pyrénees region as well as by the city of Toulouse Languedoc (pronounced ) (Lengadòc (pronounced ) in Occitan) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions... The Edict of Nantes was issued on April 13, 1598 by Henry IV of France to grant French Calvinists (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. ...

In 1670 however, the Chambre de l'Édit was transferred to Castelnaudary, much to the discontent of even the catholic citizens of Castres, who lost a major source of business and revenue with the departure of the lawyers and the plaintiffs. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes soon followed, and Castres suffered a lot when a great number of Protestants chose to go into exile. Then came the plague of 1720-1721 and the fire of 1724. Last but not least, Castres lost its liberal charter in 1758. In the 1760s, a few years after the famous Calas Affair in Toulouse, Castres made the headlines nationwide: Pierre-Paul Sirven and his wife, both Protestants, were wrongly accused of having murdered their daughter in order to prevent her from converting to Catholicism. Tried and sentenced to death in absentia on March 29, 1764, they were defended by Voltaire, and eventually exonerated in 1771. Canal du Midi in Castelnaudary Castelnaudary is a commune of the Aude département in southwestern France. ... The Edict of Fontainebleau (October 1685) was an edict issued by Louis XIV of France. ... Jean Calas (1698 - 1762) was a merchant living in Toulouse, France, famous for having been the victim of a biased trial due to his being a Protestant. ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the sport horse, see Voltaire (horse). ...

The outbreak of the French Revolution was generally welcomed in Castres, particularly among the local Protestant merchants and entrepreneurs, but the majority of the population remained moderate during the whole period. In 1793 for instance, Protestant pastor Alba La Source, Castres' representative at the Convention in Paris, opposed the deportation of "non-juror" Catholic priests to French Guiana, where death in the horrid jungle was certain (see Civil Constitution of the Clergy). "Non-juror" priests were by far the majority in the region of Castres. Accused of being a moderate, Alba La Source was guillotined in October 1793. Suspected of being lukewarm toward the revolution, Castres was duly chastised. The bishopric which had been established by Pope John XXII in 1317 was abolished, Castres later becoming part of the bishopric of Albi. Capital of the département of Tarn in 1790, the town was downgraded to capital of an arrondissement in 1797, Albi being made the capital of the département. The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... This article is about a legislative body and constitutional convention during the French Revolution. ... The law of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Fr. ... Historic replicas (1:6 scale) of the two main types of French guillotines: Model 1792, left, and Model 1872 (state as of 1907), right The guillotine is a device used for carrying out executions by decapitation. ... Pope John XXII, born Jacques Duèze or dEuse (1249 – December 4, 1334), was the son of a shoemaker in Cahors. ... For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ... The 100 French départements are divided into 342 arrondissements. ...

Despite these setbacks, in the 19th century the economy of Castres developed greatly, and the town grew outside of its old medieval center. As early as 1815, the first mechanized wool mill was set up in town. Originally specialized in luxury cloth, the Castres textile industry then turned toward more ordinary types of cloth, whose markets were considerably larger. Around 1860, there were 50 wool mills in town, employing 3,000 people. In the end of the 19th century, mechanical engineering industries appeared beside the textile industry, which led to Castres becoming a major arsenal for the French army during the First World War. Castres was linked to the French railway network in 1865. At the end of the 19th century, Castres was the largest town in the département of Tarn, with 5,000 more inhabitants than Albi. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Tarn (disambiguation). ...

However, in the 20th century the town entered a new period of decline. Although Castres emerged from the two world wars unscathed, no military operations or combats taking place in southwest France, the local economy has been hard hit by change. Like so many towns and cities of Europe which had benefited most from the Industrial Revolution, Castres is experiencing a difficult restructuring of its industrial base. Textile has particularly suffered. Castres is also crippled by its geographical location, isolated in a dead end at the foot of the Massif Central mountains, away from the main exchange and transport routes. In 2004 Castres is still not connected to the motorway (freeway) network of France, the only town of that size in France not yet connected. Recent creation of the Greater Castres-Mazamet Council in 2000 is expected to deal with the transport problem, and to work on attracting new industries. The good fortune of Castres is to be located only 79 kilometers (49 miles) away from very dynamic Toulouse. The long promised motorway link with Toulouse is due to be completed soon, and Castres is hoping to benefit from its proximity with the big Occitan city. The Industrial Revolution was a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions that occurred in the late 18th century and early 19th century in some Western countries. ... France, viewed from the NASA Shuttle Topography Radar Mission. ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land...

Economy

The principal industries are mechanical and electrical engineering, machine tools, wooden furniture, granite, textile, fur and leather-dressing, tanning, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and selective breeding of cows. Electrical Engineers design power systems… … and complex electronic circuits. ... A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by the selective removal of metal. ... Close-up of granite from Yosemite National Park, valley of the Merced River Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... “fabric” redirects here. ... A dogs fur usually consists of longer, stiffer, guard hairs—which can be straight, wiry, or wavy, and of various lengths, hiding a soft, short-haired undercoat. ... Modern leather-working tools Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. ... Tanned leather in Marrakech This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ... Selective breeding in domesticated animals is the process of developing a cultivated breed over time. ...

Traditional and polluting industries such as textile, tanning, fur and leather-dressing, or chemicals, are in sharp decline. Fortunately for Castres, a multinational pharmaceutical group (Pierre Fabre Group) has emerged in Castres in the 1960s, and it has kept its headquarters and R&D division in the metropolitan area, helping to counter-balance the general decline in industry. Some now accuse its founder and president, Pierre Fabre, to be the real "master" of Castres, making and unmaking Castres' mayors at will. Pierre Fabre Group is a multinational pharmaceutical and cosmetics company based in Castres, France, near Toulouse. ...

Despite this isolated success, local industry is still undergoing painful restructuring at the moment.

Famous people

Castres is the hometown of famous socialist politician and newspaper publisher Jean Jaurès (1859-1914), who was murdered in Paris the day before the start of the First World War. Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... Jean Jaurès. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

World famous mathematician Pierre de Fermat died in Castres in 1665, while attending a session of the Chambre de l'Édit there. Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat IPA: (August 17, 1601–January 12, 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to modern calculus. ...

French writer Roger Peyrefitte was born into a wealthy family of Castres in 1907. He is best known for his book Les amitiés particulières (1944) (translated into English as Secret Friendships), in which he deals with his homosexual awakening as a young man. Roger Peyrefitte (August 17, 1907 – November 5, 2000) was a French diplomat and writer. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Les amitiés particulières (film) and Les amitiés particulières, accessible from a disambiguation page. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

French former footballer and now Lille OSC's coach Claude Puel was born in Castres as well. A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... Lille Olympique Sporting Club is a French football club. ... Claude Puel (born September 2, 1961 in Castres, France) is a former French footballer, now a manager, currently coach of Lille Olympique Sporting Club. ...

List of famous people associated with Castres

• Born there:
  • Jean Jaurès - Politician and founder of the French socialist mouvement.
  • Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult - Politician and marshal during the Napoleonic wars.
  • André Dacier - Scholar.
  • John Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier - British general.
  • Paul de Rapin - Historian.
  • Roger Peyrefitte - Diplomat and author.
  • Claude Puel - Football player and manager.
  • Charles Blanc - Art critic.
  • Yannick Jauzion - Rugby union player.
  • Clément Poitrenaud - Rugby union player.
  • Pierre Camara - Athlete.
  • Pierre-Paul Sirven - Voltaire cause célèbre.
  • Maryline Salvetat - Cyclist.
• Lived there:
  • Paul Pellisson - Author.
  • Anne Lefèvre - Scholar.
  • Jean Bon Saint-André - Politician during the Revolution era.
  • Bernardo Gui - Inquisitor.
  • Philip of Montfort, Lord of Castres - Nobleman.
  • Boffille de Juge - Statesman.
  • Vincent Baron - Theologian.
  • Pierre de Fermat - Mathematician.
  • Kees Meeuws - Rugby union player

Jean Jaurès. ... Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, duc de Dalmatie (March 29, 1769 – November 26, 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of France in 1804. ... André Dacier André Dacier (6 April 1651-18 September 1722), was a French classical scholar. ... John (Jean Louis) Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier, KB, PC (1680 - 1770) was a British military officer. ... Paul de Rapin (March 25, 1661 - 1725), sieur of Thoyras, was a French historian. ... Roger Peyrefitte (August 17, 1907 – November 5, 2000) was a French diplomat and writer. ... Claude Puel (born September 2, 1961 in Castres, France) is a former French footballer, now a manager, currently coach of Lille Olympique Sporting Club. ... Charles Blanc Charles Blanc (November 4, 1813, Castres (Tarn) - January 17, 1882, Paris) was a French art critic, brother of Louis Blanc. ... Yannick Jauzion (born 28 July 1978 in Graulhet, Tarn) is a French rugby union footballer. ... Clément Poitrenaud (born 20 May 1982 in Castres, Tarn) is a French rugby union footballer. ... Pierre Camara (born 10 September 1965 in Castres) is a retired French triple jumper, best known for his gold medal at the 1993 World Indoor Championships. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Maryline Salvetat (born 12 February 1974) is a French cyclist born in Castres. ... Paul Pellisson (October 30, 1624 - February 7, 1693) was a French author. ... Anne Lefèvre Anne Lefèvre (March? 1654 – August 17, 1720), better known during her lifetime as Madame Dacier, was a French scholar and translator of the classics. ... Jean Bon Saint-André Jean Bon Saint-André (February 25, 1749 - December 10, 1813), French revolutionary, was born at Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne), the son of a fuller. ... Bernard Gui (1261 or 1262 – 30 December 1331 Laroux), also known as Bernardo Gui or Bernardus Guidonis, was an inquisitor of the Dominican Order in the Late Middle Ages during the Medieval Inquisition, Bishop of Lodève, and one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages. ... Philip of Montfort (d. ... Boffille de Juge (d. ... Vincent Baron was a French Dominican theologian and preacher. ... Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat IPA: (August 17, 1601–January 12, 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to modern calculus. ... Kees Junior Meeuws (born July 26, 1974; IPA: ) is a New Zealand rugby union prop who currently plays for French club Agen. ...

Monuments and museums

Castres is intersected from north to south by the Agout River. The river is fringed by old houses the upper stories of which project over its waters.

The church of Saint Benoît, once the cathedral of Castres, and the most important of the churches of Castres today, dates only from the 17th and 18th centuries. The city hall occupies the former bishop's palace, designed in the 17th century by famous architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart (the architect of Versailles), and with gardens designed by Le Nôtre (the famous designer of the gardens in Versailles). The Romanesque tower beside it (tour Saint Benoît) is the only survival of the old Benedictine abbey. The town possesses some old mansions from the 16th and 17th century, of which the Hôtel de Nayrac, of the Renaissance, is of most interest. Jules Hardouin-Mansart, marble bust by Jean-Louis Lemoyne: a full-dress Baroque portrait bust demonstrates that the Kings architect is no mere craftsman Jules Hardouin-Mansart (Paris, April 16, 1646 – Marly, France, May 11, 1708) was a French architect whose work is generally considered to be the... The Château de Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles, France. ... Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre (March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of King Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ... The Château de Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles, France. ... South transept of Tournai Cathedral, Belgium, 12th century. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ...

Castres possesses the renowned Goya Museum, created in 1840, which contains the largest collection of Spanish paintings in France: 28,000 visitors every year. A Jaurès Museum was also opened in 1954 in the house where Jean Jaurès was born in 1859: 10,000 visitors every year. This article is about Francisco Goya, a Spanish painter. ... Jean Jaurès. ...

Sports

Quite normally, as it is a town of West Occitania nicknamed Ovalie for the religion status of this sport there, rugby (Rugby Union) is the main sport in Castres. The local team is Castres Olympique, which was three times champion of France (in 1949, 1950, and 1993). Castres Olympique is the property of local tycoon Pierre Fabre, founder and president of Pierre Fabre Group. Occitania refers to the lands where the Occitan language is spoken. ... A rugby union scrum. ... Castres Olympique is a French rugby union club currently competing in the top level of the French league system. ... Pierre Fabre Group is a multinational pharmaceutical and cosmetics company based in Castres, France, near Toulouse. ...

Castres was the finish of Stage 12 in the 2007 Tour de France. Stages in 2007 The 2007 Tour de France is the 94th Tour de France, taking place from July 7 to July 29, 2007. ...

Sister cities

• Linares, Spain
• Wakefield, England

Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Linares is a city located in the Andalusian province of Jaén, Spain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... Wakefield The Town Hall, Wood St. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total...

See also

• Castres-Mazamet Airport

Castres-Mazamet Airport (French: ) (IATA: DCM, ICAO: LFCK) is the main airport serving the towns of Castres and Mazamet and the east of Midi-Pyrénées. ...

External links

• official website of the city hall of Castres - In French only
• official website of the Greater Castres-Mazamet Council - In French only
• Chamber of Commerce of Castres-Mazamet In French only
• Goya Museum - In English
• website of Castres Olympique rugby club - In French only
• Castres for visitors - In English