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Encyclopedia > Catagenesis (geology)

Catagenesis is a term used in petroleum geology to describe the cracking process which results in the conversion of organic kerogens into hydrocarbons. Petroleum geology is a term used to refer to the specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons (oil exploration). ... In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules (e. ... Kerogens are chemical compounds, often found to be formed by the low-grade metamorphism (i. ... In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a cleaning solution consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ...


This chemical reaction is believed to be a time, temperature and pressure dependent process which creates liquid and/or gaseous hydrocarbon Hc from primary kerogen X and can be summarised using the formula: This article is in need of attention. ... (Clockwise from upper left) Notable Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the measure of the force that acts on a unit area. ...

where X0 is the initial kerogen concentration and X(t) is the kerogen concentration at time t. This page refers to concentration in the chemical sense. ...


It is generally held that the dependence on pressure is negligible, such that the process of catagenesis can be given as a first-order differential equation: In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation in which the derivatives of a function appear as variables. ...

where X is the reactant (kerogen) and κ is the reaction-rate constant which introduces the temperature-dependence via the Arrhenius equation. In mathematics and the mathematical sciences, a constant is a fixed, but possibly unspecified, value. ... The Arrhenius equation predicts the rate of a chemical reaction at a certain temperature, given the activation energy and chance of successful collision of molecules. ...


Catagenesis is also retrogressive evolution. Contrast with anagenesis. Anagenesis is the progressive evolution of species involving a change in gene frequency in an entire population rather than a cladogenetic branching event. ...


See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Oil exploration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (369 words)
Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology.
Areas thought to contain hydrocarbons are initially subjected to a gravity survey or magnetic survey to detect large scale features of the sub-surface geology.
Features of interest (known as prospects) are subjected to more detailed seismic surveys which works on the principle of the time it takes for reflected sound waves to travel through matter (rock) of varying densities and using the process of Depth conversion to create a profile of the substructure.
Geology and Geophysics, 2003, V 44, N 9. (4030 words)
Catagenesis of organic matter and petroleum potential of the jurassic, triassic, and paleozoic deposits in the northern areas of the west siberian megabasin A.
Regionally, the degree of OM catagenesis of the Jurassic deposits increases from the margins to the central and northern, most buried, areas of the West Siberian megabasin.
The porosity of sandstones depends on much more factors operating both on sedimentogenesis and on subsequent catagenesis of the rocks; the major of them are the depths of the maximum burial of sediments, the size of mineral grains, and the intensity and time of secondary cementation of rocks.
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