Catalunya (Catalan)
Cataluña (Spanish)
Catalonha (Occitan)
Catalonia

Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Els Segadors
Capital	Barcelona
Official languages	Catalan, Spanish and Aranese.
Area  – Total  – % of Spain	Ranked 6th  32,114 km²  6.3%
Population  – Total (2006)  – % of Spain  – Density	Ranked 2nd  7,134,697  16%  222.16/km²
Demonym  – English  – Spanish  – Catalan	Catalan, Catalonian  catalán (m); catalana (f)  català (m); catalana (f)
Statute of Autonomy	September 9, 1932, December 31, 1979 current: August 9, 2006 This article is about the historic territory. ... The Catalunya Denominación de Origen (DO) was formally recognised in 2001 and was created with the specific purpose of providing commercial support to over 200 wineries (bodegas) that produced quality wine but which were not included in other specific DO’s in Catalonia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Catalonia. ... Image File history File links Escudo_de_Cataluña. ... Flag of Catalonia, proportions 2:3 The flag of Catalonia is said to be one of the oldest of the world. ... The Coat of arms of Catalonia (Catalan: Escut de Catalunya, Spanish: Escudo de Cataluña, French: Blason de la Catalogne) is that of the sovereign Count-Kings of Barcelona. ... An anthem is a composition to an English religious text sung in the context of an Anglican service. ... Els Segadors (The Reapers) is the national anthem of the Catalan Nation, in the state of Spain. ... Image File history File links Localització_de_la_CA_de_Catalunya. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Aranese (aranés in Occitan/Gascon/Aranese) is a variety of Pyrenean Gascon (a dialect of the Occitan language), spoken in Val dAran, in northwestern Catalonia (Spain), where it is one of the three official languages besides Catalan and Spanish. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the autonomous communities of Spain in order of area. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ... Here is a list of the autonomous communities and autonomous cities of Spain in order of population (2005). ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Parliamentary representation  – Congress seats  – Senate seats	46  16
President	José Montilla Aguilera (PSC)
ISO 3166-2	CT
Generalitat de Catalunya

Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya; Spanish: Cataluña; Aranese: Catalonha), is an Autonomous Community of the Kingdom of Spain. The Autonomous Community of Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² with an official population of 7,210,508^[1] from which immigrants represent an estimated 12.3% of the total population. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east (580 km coastline). Official languages are Catalan, Spanish and Aranese. Type Bicameral Houses Senado de España Congreso de los Diputados President of the Senate Francisco Javier Rojo García, PSOE PSE-EE since 2004 President of the Congress José Bono Martínez, PSOE since 2008 Members 609 259 senators 350 deputies Political groups Senado: PP, PSOE, ECP, PNV, CiU... Type Lower house Houses Congreso de los Diputados President Manuel Marín González, PSOE since 2004 Members 350 Political groups PSOE, PP, CiU, ERC, PNV, IU, Mixto Last elections 2004 Meeting place El Palacio del Congreso de los Diputados, Carrera de San Jerónimo, Madrid Web site www. ... Type Upper house Houses Senate President Francisco Javier Rojo García, PSOE PSE-EE since 2004 Members 259 Political groups PP, PSOE, ECP, PNV, CiU, CC, Mixto Last elections 2004 Meeting place Palacio del Senado, Plaza de la Marina Española, Madrid Web site www. ... From 1359 to 1367, the highest-ranking deputy of the Generalitat de Catalunya filled the role of a president. ... José Montilla Aguilera (Iznájar, Córdoba), 15 January 1955) is a Spanish/Catalan politician, and currently president of the Generalitat de Catalunya. ... Categories: Stub | Catalan political parties ... This is a list of ISO 3166-2 codes for Spain. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Aranese (aranés in Occitan/Gascon/Aranese) is a variety of Pyrenean Gascon (a dialect of the Occitan language), spoken in Val dAran, in northwestern Catalonia (Spain), where it is one of the three official languages besides Catalan and Spanish. ... Autonomous communities of Spain. ... Anthem: Himno de Aragón Capital Zaragoza Official languages Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Valencian and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Mediterranean redirects here. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Aranese (Aranès or Aranais) is a dialect of Gascon (which is part of the Occitan language group of the Romance languages), spoken in Spain, where it is an official language. ...

The capital city is Barcelona. Catalonia is divided into four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its territory corresponds to most of the historical territory of the former Principality of Catalonia. Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... In addition to its autonomous communities, Spain is divided into fifty provinces. ... Barcelona is a province of eastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. ... Girona province Girona (Catalan:Girona;Spanish: Gerona) is a province of eastern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. ... Lleida province Lleida is a province of eastern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. ... Categories: Spain geography stubs | Catalonia | Provinces of Spain ... This article is about the historic territory. ...

Legal status within Spain

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 declares that Spain is an indissoluble nation that recognizes and guarantees the right to self-government of the "nationalities" and regions that constitute it.^[2] Catalonia, alongside Basque Country, Galicia and Andalusia self-ascribed as "nationalities" in the elaborations of their Statutes of Autonomy – the first three acceding to autonomy automatically – and more recently in their new Statutes or recent amendments Aragon, the Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands also did. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. ... Historical nationalities (Spanish: Nacionalidades históricas) in Spain is the term most commonly used to refer to regions that are granted by the 1978 Constitution a special status as autonomous communities. ... Pays Basque) see Northern Basque Country. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... For other uses, see Andalusia (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Himno de Aragón Capital Zaragoza Official languages Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Valencian and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... This article is about the islands in the Atlantic Ocean. ...

The 1979 as well as the current Statute of Autonomy, approved in 2006, state that "Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an autonomous community in accordance with the Constitution and with the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which is its basic institutional law."^[3]. Autonomous communities of Spain. ...

The Preamble of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia states the Parliament of Catalonia defined Catalonia as a nation, but that the "Spanish Constitution recognizes Catalonia's national reality as a nationality". While this Statute was approved by and sanctioned by both the Catalan and the Spanish parliaments, and later by referendum in Catalonia, it has been legally contested by the surrounding Autonomous Communities of Aragon, Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community,^[4] as well as by the Partido Popular. The objections are based on various topics such as disputed cultural heritage but, especially, on the Statute's alleged breaches of the "solidarity between regions" principle enshrined by the Constitution in fiscal and educational matters. As of December 2007, the Constitutional Court of Spain is assessing the constitutionality of the challenged articles; its binding conclusion is expected for 2008. On June 18, 2006, a referendum altering the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979 to expand the authority of the Catalan government was approved in a referendum, and became effective as of August 9, 2006. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ... Autonomous communities of Spain. ... From the left: Mariano Rajoy, Josep Piqué and José María Aznar during the proclamation act of Josep Piqué in September 2003 The Peoples Party (Spanish: Partido Popular) is a large liberal-conservative political party in Spain. ... Cultural heritage (national heritage or just heritage) is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. ... The Constitutional Court of Spain (Spanish: Tribunal Constitucional de España) is the highest judicial body with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes of the Spanish Government. ...

Etymology

The name of Catalunya, (Catalonia) began to be used in the 12th century in reference to the group of counties that comprised the Marca Hispanica, which gradually became independent from the French. The origin of the term is subject to diverse interpretations. The most accepted theory suggests that Catalunya derives from the term "Land of Castles"^[5] , having evolved from the term castlà, the ruler of a castle (see castellan).^[6] This theory, therefore, suggests that the term castellà, "Castilian" would have been synonymous. By the second half of the ninth century, three political subdivisions (marches) existed in the eastern Pyrenees: Toulouse (green), Gothia (blue), and Hispania (pink). ... A castellan was the governor or caretaker of a castle or keep. ... Castilian is a noun and adjective that refers to the region and former kingdom of Spain; in particular, it refers to the language of this region, and is therefore considered by many to be a synonym of Spanish, though with different nuances. ...

Another theory suggests that Catalunya derives from Gotholàndia, "Land of the Goths" since the Franks usually designated the entire Iberian Peninsula as "Gothia".^{[citation needed]} A similar version is suggested in Encyclopædia Iranica - according to it, the name "is but a slight deformation of Goth-Alania, province of the Goths and Alans".^[7] This article is about the Germanic tribes. ... This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... The term Gothia, also called the Hispanic March, was frequently assigned to an area made up of lands south of the Pyrenees as well as in the north (Septimania). ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project of Columbia University started in 1974 at its Center for Iranian (Persian) Studies with the goal to create a comprehensive and authoritiative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ...

Other theories suggest that the name derives from a mythical German prince, Otger Cataló, or from the Laketani, a Pre-Roman tribe that lived in the area, whose name, due to the Roman influence, evolved to Katelans and then Catalans.^[8]

History

Main article: History of Catalonia

Like some other parts in the rest of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, Catalonia was colonized by Ancient Greeks, who settled around the Roses area. Both Greeks and Carthaginians (who, in the course of the Second Punic War, briefly ruled the territory) interacted with the main Iberian substratum. After the Carthaginian defeat, it became, along with the rest of Hispania, a part of the Roman Empire, Tarraco being one of the main Roman posts in the Iberian Peninsula The territory that now constitutes the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain, and the adjoining Catalan region of France, was first settled during the Middle Palaeolithic. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... The term ancient Greece refers to the periods of Greek history in Classical Antiquity, lasting ca. ... Roses (Spanish: Rosas) is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain. ... For other uses, see Carthage (disambiguation). ... Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Publius Cornelius Scipio†, Tiberius Sempronius Longus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Flaminius†, Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus†, Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro, Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Claudius Nero, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus†, Masinissa, Minucius†, Servilius Geminus† Hannibal Barca, Hasdrubal Barca†, Mago Barca†, Hasdrubal Gisco†, Syphax... The Lady of Baza, made by Iberians The Iberians were an ancient, Pre-Indo-European people who inhabited the east and southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in prehistoric and historic times. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Tarraco was the ancient name of the city of Tarragone, in Spain, on the Mediterranean. ...

Counties of the Marca Hispanica

It then came under Visigothic rule for four centuries after Rome's collapse. In the eighth century, it became under Moorish al-Andalus control. Still, after the defeat of Emir Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi's troops at Tours in 732, the Franks conquered former Visigoth states which had been captured by the Muslims or had become allied with them in what today is the northernmost part of Catalonia. Charlemagne created in 795 which came to be known as the Marca Hispanica, a buffer zone beyond the province of Septimania made up of locally administered separate petty kingdoms which served as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Kingdom. By the second half of the ninth century, three political subdivisions (marches) existed in the eastern Pyrenees: Toulouse (green), Gothia (blue), and Hispania (pink). ... This article is about the Germanic tribes. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... For other uses, see moor. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... For indivduals with the same or similar name, see Abd-ar-Rahman Abu Said Abdul Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Bishr ibn Al Sarem Al Aki Al Ghafiqi (? – 732), variously known as Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Abd er Rahman, Abdderrahman, Abderame, and Abd el-Rahman, led the Andalusian Muslims into battle... Combatants Carolingian Franks Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Charles Martel ‘Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi† Strength Possibly 20,000-30,000 Unknown, but the earliest Muslim sources, still after the era of the battle[1] mention a figure of 80,000. ... This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... For other uses, see Charlemagne (disambiguation). ... By the second half of the ninth century, three political subdivisions (marches) existed in the eastern Pyrenees: Toulouse (green), Gothia (blue), and Hispania (pink). ... Buffer Zone is one of the neighborhoods of North Nazimabad Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigothic kingdom in 462, when Septimania was ceded to Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths. ... Petty kingdoms were prominent before the formation of many of todays nation states. ... Flag Umayyad Empire at its greatest extent Capital Damascus Capital-in-exile Córdoba Language(s) Arabic Religion Islam Government Monarchy History  - Established 660  - Disestablished 750 Mashriq Dynasties  Maghrib Dynasties  The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic,بنو أمية ) (Banu Umayyah), whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first... For other uses, see moor. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... Statue of Charlemagne (also called Karl der Große, Charles the Great) in Frankfurt, Germany. ...

The Catalan culture started to develop in the Middle Ages stemming from a number of these petty kingdoms organized as small counties throughout the northernmost part of Catalonia. The counts of Barcelona were Frankish vassals nominated by the emperor then the king of France, to whom they were feudatories (801-987). The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Transition to Democracy Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In 987 the count of Barcelona did not recognize the French king Hugh Capet and his new dynasty which put it effectively out of the Frankish rule. Two years later, in 989, Catalonia declared its independence. Then, in 1137, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona married Petronila of Aragon establishing the dynastic union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon which was to create the Crown of Aragon. Hugh Capet[1] (c. ... Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona the Saint (c. ... Petronila of Aragon (1135- October 17, 1174, Barcelona) was the daughter of King Ramiro II of Aragon and Agnes of Poitiers, a. ... Coat of arms The Kingdom of Aragon at its greatest extent, c. ... Coat of arms of Aragon, 15th century The Crown of Aragon is a term used to refer to the permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. ...

It was not until 1258, by means of the Treaty of Corbeil, that the king of France formally relinquished his feudal lordship over the counties of the Principality of Catalonia to the king of Aragon James I, descendant of Ramon Berenguer IV. This Treaty turned the de facto independence into a full de jure direct transition from French to Aragonese rule. It also solved a historic incongruence. As part of the Crown of Aragon, Catalonia became a great maritime power, helping to expand the Crown by trade and conquest into the Kingdom of Valencia, the Balearic Islands, and even Sardinia or Sicily. The Treaty of Corbeil was an agreement signed on May 11, 1258, in Corbeil (today Corbeil-Essonnes, in the region of ÃŽle-de-France) between Louis IX of France and James I of Aragon. ... This article is about the historic territory. ... James I of Aragon. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Coat of arms of Aragon, 15th century The Crown of Aragon is a term used to refer to the permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Aragonese Empire was the regime... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... Sardinia (pronounced ; Italian: ; Sardinian: or ) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily). ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ...

In 1410, King Martin I died without surviving descendants. As a result, by the Pact of Caspe, Ferdinand of Antequera from the Castilian dynasty of Trastamara, received the Crown of Aragon as Ferdinand I of Aragon. Martin I (1356—1410), the Elder, the Humane, the Ecclesiastic, King of Aragon (1396 - 1410), King of Sicily (1409 - 1410) was the last direct descendant in legitimate male line of Wilfred the Hairy, Count of Barcelona, to rule Aragon. ... The Compromise of Caspe made in 1412 was an act and resolution of parliamentarian representatives on behalf of kingdoms Aragon and Valencia and principality of Catalonia to resolve the interregnum commenced by the death of King Martin I of Aragon in 1410 without a legitimate heir. ... Ferdinand I (of Aragón and Sicily), called The Just (c. ... The House of Trastámara was a dynasty of kings in the Iberian Peninsula, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, in Aragón from 1412 to 1516, in Navarre from 1425 to 1479, and in Naples from 1442 to 1501. ... Ferdinand I (of Aragón and Sicily), called The Just (27 November 1380 – 2 April 1416) was King of Aragón and Sicily from 1412 to 1416. ...

His grandson, King Ferdinand II of Aragon married Queen Isabella of Castile in 1469; retrospectively, this is seen as the dawn of the Kingdom of Spain. At that point both Castile and Aragon remained distinct territories, each keeping its own traditional institutions, Parliaments and laws. Political power began to shift away from Aragon toward Castile and, subsequently, from Castile to the Spanish Empire. Ferdinand V of Castile & II of Aragon the Catholic (Spanish: , Catalan: , Aragonese: ; March 10, 1452 – January 23, 1516) was king of Aragon (1479–1516), Castile, Sicily (1468–1516), Naples (1504–1516), Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Isabella I of Castile (April 22, 1451 – November 26, 1504) was Queen regnant of Castile and Leon. ... The Kingdom of Spain or Spain (Spanish and Galician: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. ... The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ... Coat of arms of Aragon, 15th century The Crown of Aragon is a term used to refer to the permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. ... An anachronous map of the overseas Spanish Empire (1492-1898) in red, and the Spanish Habsburg realms in Europe (1516-1714) in orange. ...

Barcelona Cathedral

For an extended period, Catalonia, as part of the Crown of Aragon, continued to retain its own usages and laws, but these gradually eroded in the course of the transition from feudalism to a modern state, fueled by the kings' struggle to have more centralized territories. Over the next few centuries, Catalonia was generally on the losing side of a series of wars that led steadily to more centralization of power in Spain, like the Reapers' War (1640–1652). Cathedral of Santa Eulalia, Barcelona. ... Cathedral of Santa Eulalia, Barcelona. ... Façade of Santa Eulàlia The Cathedral of Santa Eulàlia (also called La Seu) is the Gothic cathedral seat of the catholic Archbishop of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ... Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste Feudalism, a term first used in the late modern period (17th century), in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval European political system comprised of a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Centralization (or centralisation) is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding decision-making, become concentrated within a particular location and/or group. ... The Uprising of Catalonia (known in Catalan as the “Guerra dels Segadors” or Reapers War) affected a large part of Catalonia between the years of 1640 and 1659. ...

The most significant conflict was the War of the Spanish Succession, which began when Charles II of Spain (the last Spanish Habsburg) died without a successor in 1700. Catalonia, as the other kingdoms which used to form the Crown of Aragon, mostly rose up in support of the Habsburg pretender Charles of Austria, while the rest of Spain mostly adhered to the French Bourbon claimant, Philip V. Following the fall of Barcelona on 11 September 1714, the Crown of Aragon and its institutions were abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees, under which all its lands were incorporated, as provinces, into a united Spanish administration, as Spain moved towards a centralized government under the new Bourbon dynasty. Combatants Habsburg Empire England (1701-6) Great Britain (1707-14)[1] Dutch Republic Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Aragon Duchy of Savoy [2] Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Bavaria Hungarian Rebels [3] Commanders Eugene of Savoy Margrave of Baden Count Starhemberg Duke of Marlborough Marquis de Ruvigny... Charles II of Spain (Carlos Segundo) (November 6, 1661, Madrid - November 1, 1700, Madrid) was King of Spain, Naples, Sicily, nearly all of Italy (except Piedmont, the Papal States and Venice), and Spains overseas Empire, stretching from Mexico to the Philippines. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI, (German Karl VI; in full Karl Josef Franz)Holy Roman Emperor (October 1, 1685 – October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ... King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. ... The Siege of Barcelona was a battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714), which pitted Archduke Charles (backed by Britain, Austria, and the Netherlands), against Philip V, backed by France and Spain in a contest for Spanish lands. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Battle of Gangut, by Maurice Baquoi, 1724-27. ... The Nueva Planta decrees (Spanish:Decretos de Nueva Planta, Catalan: Decrets de Nova Planta) were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V—the first Bourbon king of Spain—shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. ... A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ...

In the latter half of the 19th century, Catalonia became an industrial center; to this day it remains one of the most industrialised parts of Spain. In the first third of the 20th century, Catalonia gained and lost varying degrees of autonomy several times, receiving its first statute of autonomy during the Second Spanish Republic (1931). This period was marked by politic unrest and the preeminence of the Anarchists during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). After the defeat of the Republic in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) which brought General Francisco Franco to power, his regime suppressed any kind of public activities associated with Catalan nationalism, Anarchism, Socialism, Democracy or Communism, such as publishing books on the matter or simply discussing them in open meetings. As part of this suppression the use of Catalan in government-run institutions and in public events was banned. During later stages of the Francoist regime, certain folkoric or religious celebrations in Catalan were resumed and tolerated. Use of Catalan in the mass media was forbidden, but was permitted from the early 1950s^[9] in the theatre. Publishing in Catalan continued throughout the dictatorship.^[10] Anthem El Himno de Riego Capital Madrid Language(s) Spanish Government Republic President  - 1931–1936 Niceto Alcalá-Zamora  - 1936–1939 Manuel Azaña Legislature Congress of Deputies Historical era Interwar period  - Monarchy abolished April 14, 1931  - Spanish Civil War 1936–1939  - Republic in exile dissolved July 15, 1977 Currency Spanish... Anarchist Catalonia (July 21, 1936 - February 10, 1939) was the stateless territory and anarchist society in part of the territory of modern Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War, eventually headed by Buenaventura Durruti. ... Not to be confused with the Spanish Civil War of 1820-1823. ... Not to be confused with the Spanish Civil War of 1820-1823. ... Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (December 4, 1892 - November 20, 1975), commonly known as Francisco Franco (pronounced ) or Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was leader of Spain from October 1936, as regent of Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in 1975. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Francisco Franco, late in life Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade (December 4, 1892 - November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. ... Popular press redirects here; note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint The Popular Press. Mass media is a term used to denote a section of the media specifically envisioned and designed to reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. ...

After Franco's death (1975) and with the adoption of a democratic Spanish constitution (1978), Catalonia recovered political and cultural autonomy. Today, Catalonia is one of the most economically dynamic regions of Spain. The Catalan capital and largest city, Barcelona, is a major international cultural centre and a major tourism destination. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...

Catalonia's second statute of autonomy, adopted by the Catalan government on 22 December 1979, officially recognized Catalonia as a nationality. Then, the amended version approved on 9 August 2006 has defined Catalonia as a nation in the preamble. The precise meaning of the term nation is ambiguous as to not conflict with the Spanish Constitution. The Statute of Autonomy also establishes that "Catalonia wishes to develop its political personality within the framework of a State which recognizes and respects the diversity of identities of the peoples of Spain". After the charter was first passed in the regional parliament, it was then edited in conjunction with the Cortes Generales (Spanish bicameral parliament). Except the Partido Popular, all the other political parties represented in the Catalan autonomous Parliament endorsed the final redaction of the statute, which was then approved by means of a referendum held in June 2006 in which 73.9% voted for the autonomy plan and 20.8% against it. The turnout was unprecedentedly low, at around 49% of the total census, which resulted in the highest abstention ever registered in Catalonia in a referendum.^[11] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Politics of Catalonia. ... Historical regions in Spain are those that are granted by the 1978 Constitution a special status as autonomous communities. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senado de España Congreso de los Diputados President of the Senate Francisco Javier Rojo García, PSOE PSE-EE since 2004 President of the Congress José Bono Martínez, PSOE since 2008 Members 609 259 senators 350 deputies Political groups Senado: PP, PSOE, ECP, PNV, CiU... From the left: Mariano Rajoy, Josep Piqué and José María Aznar during the proclamation act of Josep Piqué in September 2003 The Peoples Party (Spanish: Partido Popular) is a large liberal-conservative political party in Spain. ... A referendum on the new Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia was held in Catalonia on 2006-06-18. ...

Language

Originating in the historic territory of Catalonia, Catalan is one of the three official languages and has enjoyed special status since the approval of the Statute of Autonomy of 1979 which declares it to be the language "proper to Catalonia".^[12] The other languages with official status are Spanish, which is the official language throughout Spain, and Aranese (a dialect of Occitan spoken in the Val d'Aran valley). Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (Catalan: Estatut dAutonomia de Catalunya; also Statute of Sau, Estatut de Sau, after the location where the statute was first made) is a constitutional law defining the region of Catalonia as an autonomous community within the Kingdom of Spain. ... Aranese (Aranès or Aranais) is a dialect of Gascon (which is part of the Occitan language group of the Romance languages), spoken in Spain, where it is an official language. ... For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ... Occitan, or langue doc is a Romance language characterized by its richness, variability, and by the intelligibility of its dialects. ... Val dAran, a small valley (620. ...

Under the Franco dictatorship Catalan was, until the 1970s, excluded from the state education system and all other official use. Immigration, and migration from other parts of Spain, had also reduced the social use of the language, especially in urban areas. In an attempt to reverse this decline the newly reestablished regional institutions of Catalonia embarked on a project of linguistic normalization of the Catalan language^[13] and has, since 1983, enforced laws which attempt to protect, and extend, the use of Catalan.

Today, Catalan is the language of the Catalan autonomous government and the other public institutions that fall under its jurisdiction. Basic public education is given in Catalan other than two hours per week of Spanish medium instruction. Businesses are required to display all information (e.g. menus, posters) in Catalan under penalty of legal fines; there is no obligation to display this information in either Aranese or Spanish. The use of fines was introduced in a 1997 linguistic law^[14] that aims to increase the use of Catalan.

According to the most recent linguistic census elaborated by the Government of Catalonia, 53.4% of citizens declared Spanish as their native language, although a plurality claims Catalan as "their own language" (48.8% Catalan compared to 44.3% Spanish), and in most everyday uses, people who use exclusively Catalan or both languages equally are in the majority.^[15] The law, therefore, ensures that both Catalan and Spanish – being official languages – can be used by the citizens without prejudice in all public and private activities^[16] even though the Generalitat usually uses Catalan in its communications and notifications addressed to the general population. The citizens can also receive information from the Generalitat in Spanish if they so desire.^[17]

Finally, since the Statute of Autonomy of 1979, Occitan, in its Aranese variety (a dialect of Gascon), has been official and subject to special protection in the Val d'Aran (Aran Valley). This small area of 7,000 inhabitants was the only place where Occitan (spoken mainly in France and some Italian valleys) received full official status. However, on 9 August 2006, when the new Statute came into force, Occitan became official throughout Catalonia. The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (Catalan: Estatut dAutonomia de Catalunya; also Statute of Sau, Estatut de Sau, after the location where the statute was first made) is a constitutional law defining the region of Catalonia as an autonomous community within the Kingdom of Spain. ... Occitan (IPA AmE: ), known also as Lenga dòc or Langue doc (native name: occitan [1], lenga dòc [2]; native nickname: la lenga nòstra [3] i. ... Gascon (Gascon, ; French, ) is a dialect of the Occitan language. ... Val dAran, a small valley (620. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Catalan

Main article: Catalan language

Catalan, a Romance language, is regarded by many linguists as belonging to the Iberian Romance^[18] sub-family (which also includes Spanish, Portuguese, Galician, and Aragonese), while others classify it within the Gallo-Romance^[19] sub-family (which includes French, Occitan and Gallo-Italian) languages. It shares attributes with both linguistic groups. Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 601 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1152 × 1150 pixel, file size: 580 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Comarcal map of Catalonia. ... Catalan grammar is the grammar of the Catalan language. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Phonological Features Several characteristic features of Catalan as a Romance language (SAMPA phonetic scheme used): Like Occitan, losing of Latin final unstressed vowels, except -A; and then after some of the resulting consonantic groups a support vowel [ə] appears. ... The Institut dEstudis Catalans (IEC) is an academic institution. ... The Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (Valencian Academy of Language) is an institution created on September 16, 1998, which depends on the Presidency of the Generalitat Valenciana. ... The territory that now constitutes the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain, and the adjoining Catalan region of France, was first settled during the Middle Palaeolithic. ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Transition to Democracy Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History... Coat of arms of Aragon, 15th century The Crown of Aragon is a term used to refer to the permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. ... // The origins of the military force in Catalonia, soar to the 13th century, with the Sagramental, the fraternity among several villages to guarantee their own security, made through oath, due to this so called. ... // Origin: The Corts of Barcelona The Catalan constitutions were promulgated by the Corts of Barcelona (corts being the Catalan for courts). ... Furs of Valencia (Furs de València, in Catalan) were the laws of the Kingdom of Valencia during most of Middle Ages and Early modern Europe. ... The Treaty of the Pyrenees was a treaty signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years War. ... The Nueva Planta decrees (Spanish:Decretos de Nueva Planta, Catalan: Decrets de Nova Planta) were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V—the first Bourbon king of Spain—shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. ... The terms Catalan Countries (Catalan: Països Catalans) or Catalanofonia (quite similar, in the linguistic sense, to the French Francophonie, the Portuguese Lusofonia or the Spanish Hispanophone) includes all the territories where the Catalan language is spoken. ... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Valencian and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... Northern Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya Nord; Spanish: Cataluña del Norte o Cataluña Transpirenaica; French: Catalogne Nord or Pays Catalan) is the name mainly used by the Catalan-speaking community to refer to the part of the historic Principality of Catalonia that came under French governance through the signing of... Language distribution in Aragon Map of Catalan Countries with current political borders Franja de Ponent (IPA: ; Catalan for Western Strip), Francha de Lebán (Aragonese for Eastern Strip), Franja de Aragón, or simply La Franja, refers to four comarques in the east of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, which... Alghero (lAlguer in Catalan and SAlighèra in Sardinian), is a town of about 42,000 inhabitants (down from 54,300 inhabitants since early 20th century) in Italy. ... Carxe is a city in Spain. ... The Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia ) is the institution in which the self-government of Catalonia is politically organised. ... Capital Valencia Official languages Valencian (Catalan) and Spanish (Castilian) Area  – total  – % of Spain Ranked 8th  23 255 km²  4,6% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 4th  4 326 708  10,3%  186,05/km² Demonym  – English  – Valencian  – Spanish  Valencian  valencià/valenciana  valenciano/valenciana Statute of Autonomy July 10... National motto: Virtus Unita Fortior (Latin: Virtue united is stronger) Official language: Catalan Capital:  - Population:  - Coordinates: Andorra la Vella 22,035 (1990 est. ... The General Council of the Valleys (in Catalan, Consell General de les Valls) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. ... This is the main article about the politic activity in Catalonia. ... Catalan nationalism, or Catalanism, is a political movement that advocates for an increased political autonomy of Catalonia, if not independence itself, from Spain and France. ... For other uses, see Castell (disambiguation). ... Correfocs in Barcelona Catalonias festivals and traditions unify Catalan society and help to give it its particular character. ... Traditional Saragüells costume for the men. ... The sardana (Catalan plural sardanes) is a type of circle dance typical of Catalonia. ... Parade of a Christian filà of Moros i Cristians festival in Alcoi (Alacant). ... A traditional Catalan caganer from the back. ... The Tió de Nadal (roughly Christmas log), also known as Tió or Tronca (log), is a mythological character in Catalan mythology relating to a Christmas tradition widespread in Catalonia. ... Botifarra (pronounced ) is a typical Catalan sausage made of raw pork and spices. ... Futbol Club Barcelona (Spanish IPA: , Catalan IPA: ), known familiarly as Barça (Spanish IPA: , Catalan IPA: ), is a sports club based in Barcelona, Spain. ... Valencian paella A giant seafood paella cooked on the 2003 Catalonian National Day in the village square of Cornudella de Montsant, Catalonia, Spain Closeup of the dish Vegan paella Paella (IPA: ) is a typical valencian rice dish from Spain. ... Rumba is a family of music rhythms and dance styles that originated in Africa and were introduced to Cuba and the New World by African slaves. ... Catalan myths and legends are the traditional myths and legends of the Catalan-speaking world, especially Catalonia itself, passed down for generations as part of that regions popular culture. ... Catalan-language writers Gabriel Alomar Vicent Andrés Estellés Pere Calders Salvador Espriu i Castelló Joan Fuster Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina J.V. Foix Maria de la Pau Janer Joan Maragall i Gorina Miquel Martí i Pol Jesús Moncada Jesús Montcada i Estruga Quim Monzó Teresa... Antoni Plàcid Guillem Gaudí i Cornet (Riudoms or Reus, 25 June 1852 – Barcelona, 10 June 1926) – sometimes referred to by the Spanish translation of his name, Antonio Gaudí – was a Spanish, Catalan architect, who belonged to the Modernisme (Art Nouveau) movement and was famous for his unique style and... Modernisme in Catalan, (not to be confused with modernism) is the Catalan variant of Art Nouveau. ... The Renaixença was a late 19th century romantic revivalist movement in Catalan language and culture. ... Noucentisme (noucentista being its adjective) is a Catalan cultural movement of the early 20th century that originated largely as a reaction against Modernisme, both in art and ideology, and was, simultaneously, a perception of art almost opposite to that of avantgardists. ... Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), was a Spanish surrealist painter of Catalan descent born in Figueres, Catalonia (Spain). ... Joan Miró, The Tilled Field, (1923-1924), Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. ... Antoni Tàpies (born in Barcelona, December 13, 1923) is a Spanish painter. ... The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages, are a subfamily of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken by the common people evolving in different areas after the break-up of the Roman Empire. ... For the journal, see Linguistics (journal). ... This article is about a subdivision of the Romance language family. ... The Gallo-Romance branch of Romance languages includes French, Oïl languages, Catalan, and Occitan, among other languages. ... Occitan, or langue doc is a Romance language characterized by its richness, variability, and by the intelligibility of its dialects. ... This article is about the Northern Italian language occasionally called Cisalpine. ...

Literacy

According to the 2001 Linguistic Census,^[20] about 5,900,000 people in Catalonia (nearly 95% of the population) understand the Catalan language. The percentage of people aged two and older who can speak, read and write Catalan is as follows:

As a result of the ongoing linguistic policies favouring Catalan, implemented in various degrees by the autonomous government during the last 20 years, knowledge of Catalan has advanced significantly in all these areas, with the ability to write it having experienced the most pronounced increase, from 31.6% of the population in 1986 to 49.8% in 2001. Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota...

By age groups, those between 10 and 29 have the highest level of Catalan-language literacy (e.g., 98.2% aged 10–14 understand it, and 85.2% can write it); this is attributed to these individuals having received their education in Catalan.

Geographically, Catalan is understood in northwest Catalonia (High Pyrenees, Val d'Aran), at 97.4%, followed by south and western Catalonia, whereas Barcelona's metropolitan area sees the lowest knowledge, at 93.8%. The situation is analogous for written-language skills, with central Catalonia scoring the highest percentages (61.4%), and Barcelona the lowest (46.4%). Val dAran, a small valley (620. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...

Barcelona is one of the main centres of the Spanish publishing industry for both Spanish-language and Catalan-language publishing.

Social use

According to a study carried out in 2003 by the Generalitat de Catalunya,^[21] Catalan is used by 50.1% of the population in everyday situations.

Over 55% of respondents use Spanish to address their parents (versus 42% who choose Catalan). This is attributed to extensive migration from other areas in Spain during the second half of the 20th century, as a consequence of which many Catalans have one or both parents born outside Catalonia. However, a majority (52.6%) use Catalan with their children (compared to 42.3% for Spanish). This can be attributed to some Spanish-speaking citizens shifting from their mother tongue to Catalan at home.

Outside the family, 48.6% of the population indicate that they address strangers exclusively or preferentially in Catalan, while the proportion of those who use Spanish is 41.7%, and 8.6% claim to use both equally.

Spanish

Main article: Spanish language

The Spanish language developed from Vulgar Latin, with influences from Basque, Arabic and (to a lesser extent) Celtiberian, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, between Biscay and Cantabria. Most closely related to Leonese speech, it contains a higher degree of Basque influence than the latter. This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Not to be confused with Latin profanity. ... Basque (native name: euskara) is the language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain and the adjoining region of South-Western France. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Celtiberian (also Hispano-Celtic) is an extinct Celtic language spoken by the Celtiberians in northern Spain before and during the Roman Empire. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... For other uses, see Biscay (disambiguation). ... For the Mesozoic island Cantabria, see Cantabria (Mesozoic island). ... Asturian, Astur-Leonese or Bable (Asturianu in Asturian) is a Romance language spoken in some parts of the provinces of Asturias and León in Spain, and in the area of Miranda de Douro in Portugal (where it is officially recognized as Mirandese). ...

Aranese

Main article: Aranese language

According to the 2001 Aranese Linguistic Census,^[22] knowledge of Aranese in the Occitan-speaking territory of Aran is as follows: Aranese (aranés in Occitan/Gascon/Aranese) is a variety of Pyrenean Gascon (a dialect of the Occitan language), spoken in Val dAran, in northwestern Catalonia (Spain), where it is one of the three official languages besides Catalan and Spanish. ... Aranese (Aranès or Aranais) is a dialect of Gascon (which is part of the Occitan language group of the Romance languages), spoken in Spain, where it is an official language. ...

Compared to previous data from 1996, the number of those able to understand Aranese has declined slightly (90.5% in 1996), while at the same time there has been a marginal increase in the number of those able to write it (24.97% in 1996).

By age groups, the largest percentage of those with knowledge of Aranese is in the 15-19 and 65-69 groups (both above 96%), while those aged 30-34 score lowest (just over 80%). Literacy is higher in the 10-19 group with over 88% declaring themselves able to read, and 76% able to write Aranese. Those over 80 are the least literate, with only about 1.5% of them being able to write the language.

It is significant to note that in the Val d'Aran, those born outside Spain outnumber Spaniards born outside Aran and Catalonia in the active use of Aranese (17% of non-Spaniards can write Aranese, while the percentage for Spaniards excluding Catalans is 10%).

Demographics

The autonomous community of Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² with an official population of 7,134,697 (2006) from which immigrants represent an estimated 12.3%.^[23][24]

The Urban Region of Barcelona includes 5,327,872 people and covers an area of 4.268 km² and about 2.5 million persons live in a radius of 25 km from Barcelona. The first metropolitan crown of the Urban Region includes cities like l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Badalona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet and Cornellà. The main populations of the second crown are Terrassa, Sabadell, Montcada i Reixac, Granollers, Martorell, Molins de Rei, Rubí, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Gavà and Castelldefels. Urban Region Situation in Catalonia The population of the Urban Region of Barcelona is 5. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Location Coordinates : 41°21′50″N, 2°06′0″E Time zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer : CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name LHospitalet de Llobregat (Catalan) Spanish name Hospitalet de Llobregat Nickname LH Founded 12th century Website http://canal-h. ... Badalona (Baetulo in Roman times) is a city in Catalunya, in the comarca of el Barcelonès near the city of Barcelona, on the left bank of the small river Besòs, and on the Mediterranean Sea. ... Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain, is a country. ... Location Coordinates : {{{lat_long}}} Time Zone : CET General information Native name {{{native_name}}} ([[{{{native_language}}} language|{{{native_language}}}]]) Spanish name {{{spanish_name}}} Administration Country Autonomous Community [[{{{community_link}}}|{{{community}}}]] Province [[{{{province_link}}}|Barcelona]] Comarca [[{{{comarca_link}}}|Baix Llobregat]] Geography Land Area 6. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Terrassa (Catalan) Spanish name Terrassa Postal code 08221-08229 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Sabadell is one of the largest cities in the comarca (similar to the UK counties) of Vallès Occidental in Catalonia. ... Montcada i Reixac is a municipality in the comarca of the Vallès Occidental in Catalonia, Spain. ... Granollers is a city near Barcelona, Spain. ... Martorell is a town near Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain, primarily known for an ancient Roman bridge and as one of the most notorious knot of toll autoroutes in Catalonia. ... Molins de Rei is a municipality in the comarca of the Baix Llobregat in Catalonia, Spain. ... Sant Feliu de Llobregat is a suburb of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain, near Sant Just Desvern and Sant Joan Despí. Categories: Spain geography stubs ... Gavà is a municipality in Barcelona Province (Catalonia, Spain). ... Castelldefels is a town in the Baix Llobregat comarca, in the province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. ...

In 1900 the population of Catalonia was 1,984,115 people and in 1970 it was 5,107,606.^[25] That increase was produced due to the demographic boom produced in Spain during the 60s and early 70s and also due to the large-scale internal migration produced from the rural interior of Spain to its industrial cities. In Catalonia that wave of internal migration arrived from several regions of Spain, especially Andalusia, Murcia and Extremadura. For other uses, see Andalusia (disambiguation). ... Capital Murcia Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 9th  11 313 km²  2,2% Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 10th  1 226 993  2,9%  108,46/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Spanish  Murcian  murciano/a Statute of Autonomy June 9, 1982 ISO 3166-2 MU Parliamentary representation  â€“ Congress seats  â€“ Senate... Capital Mérida Official languages Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Catalonia

Present-day Parliament of Catalonia, held in Barcelona.

After Franco's death in 1975 and the adoption of a democratic constitution in Spain in 1978, Catalonia recovered, and extended, the powers granted in the statute of autonomy of 1932^[26] it had lost with the fall of the Second Spanish Republic^[27] at the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939 . This is the main article about the politic activity in Catalonia. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 592 KB) Summary Actual Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, held in Barcelona Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 592 KB) Summary Actual Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, held in Barcelona Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (December 4, 1892 - November 20, 1975), commonly known as Francisco Franco (pronounced ) or Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was leader of Spain from October 1936, as regent of Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in 1975. ... The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. ... Anthem El Himno de Riego Capital Madrid Language(s) Spanish Government Republic President  - 1931–1936 Niceto Alcalá-Zamora  - 1936–1939 Manuel Azaña Legislature Congress of Deputies Historical era Interwar period  - Monarchy abolished April 14, 1931  - Spanish Civil War 1936–1939  - Republic in exile dissolved July 15, 1977 Currency Spanish... Not to be confused with the Spanish Civil War of 1820-1823. ...

The historical region has gradually achieved a greater degree of autonomy since 1979. The Generalitat holds exclusive jurisdiction in various matters including culture, environment, communications, transportation, commerce, public safety and local governments while it shares jurisdiction with the Spanish government in education, health and justice.^[28]

There is significant Catalan nationalist sentiment present in a part of the population of Catalonia^{[citation needed]}, which ranges from the desire for independence from Spain expressed by Catalan independentist, to a more generic demand of further autonomy expressed by others.^[who?] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Catalan nationalism. ...

Law and government of Catalonia

Main article: Generalitat de Catalunya

The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia is the fundamental organic law, second only to the Spanish Constitution from which the Statute originates. The Catalan Statute of Autonomy establishes that Catalonia is organized politically through the Generalitat de Catalunya, conformed by the Parliament, the Presidency of the Generalitat, the Government or Executive Council and the other institutions created by the Parliament. The Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia ) is the institution in which the self-government of Catalonia is politically organised. ... On June 18, 2006, a referendum altering the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979 to expand the authority of the Catalan government was approved in a referendum, and became effective as of August 9, 2006. ... The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. ... The Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia ) is the institution in which the self-government of Catalonia is politically organised. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

The seat of the Executive Council is the city of Barcelona. Since the restoration of the Generalitat through the return of democracy in Spain, the presidents of Catalonia have been Jordi Pujol (1980-2003), Pasqual Maragall (2003-2006) and incumbent José Montilla Aguilera. Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Jordi Pujol i Soley (born June 9, 1930) was the leader of the party Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) from 1974 to 2003. ... Pasqual Maragall i Mira (born January 13, 1941) is the 127th President of Generalitat de Catalunya (the autonomous system of government of Catalonia). ... José Montilla Aguilera (Iznájar (Córdoba), 15 January 1955) is a Spanish politician. ...

Catalonia is divided into four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Local governments include comarques (roughly equivalent to counties), as well as smaller forms of municipal administration. In addition to its autonomous communities, Spain is divided into fifty provinces. ... Barcelona is a province of eastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. ... Girona province Girona (Catalan:Girona;Spanish: Gerona) is a province of eastern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. ... Lleida province Lleida is a province of eastern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. ... Categories: Spain geography stubs | Catalonia | Provinces of Spain ... This is a list of the comarques (singular comarca) of Catalonia. ...

Girona

Catalonia has its own police force, the Mossos d'Esquadra, whose origins trace back to the eighteenth century. Since 1980 they are under the commandment of the Generalitat, and since 1994 it is expanding in order to replace the Spain-wide Guardia Civil and Policía Nacional, which report directly to the Homeland Department of Spain. These corps are to retain a limited number of agents within Catalonia to exercise specific functions such as overseeing ports, airports, coasts, international borders, custom offices, identification documents, control of armament amongst others. Download high resolution version (1280x960, 274 KB)A river in Girona, Spain This picture was taken by me (Filip Maljkovic) on July 2nd, 2004 at 14:57, when I was in Girona on a tourist trip. ... Download high resolution version (1280x960, 274 KB)A river in Girona, Spain This picture was taken by me (Filip Maljkovic) on July 2nd, 2004 at 14:57, when I was in Girona on a tourist trip. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ... Mosso dEsquadra in dress uniform Mossos dEsquadra (lit. ... Río Nervión patrol boat, in Bilbao. ... Patrol car (Z car). ...

Most of the justice system is administered by national judicial institutions. The legal system is uniform throughout Spain, with the exception of so-called "civil law", which is administered separately within Catalonia.^[29] For other uses of civil law, see civil law. ...

After Navarre and the Basque Country, Catalonia is the Spanish region with the highest degree of Autonomy. “Navarra” redirects here. ... Pays Basque) see Northern Basque Country. ...

Parties

• CiU — Convergència i Unió (Convergence and Unity) - federation
  • CDC — Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Convergence of Catalonia)
  • UDC — Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Union of Catalonia)
• PSC-PSOE — Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya-Partido Socialista Obrero Español (Socialist Party of Catalonia-Spanish Socialist Workers' Party)
• ERC — Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia)
• ICV-EUiA — Iniciativa per Catalunya-Verds – Esquerra Unida i Alternativa (Initiative for Catalonia-Greens – United and Alternative Left)
• PP — Partit Popular (People's Party)
• Ciutadans — Partido de la Ciudadanía (Citizens - Citizenship Party)

Convergence and Unity (Convergència i Unió, CiU) is a political party in Catalonia, Spain. ... The Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya) is a political party in Catalonia, Spain. ... The Democratic Union of Catalonia is a political party in Catalonia, Spain. ... Logo of the PSC party Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (Socialist Party of Catalonia) is a political party in Catalonia, Spain. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Logo of the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) party. ... Categories: Politics stubs | Catalan political parties ... United and Alternative Left (Esquerra Unida i Alternativa) is a political party from Catalonia, Spain. ... From the left: Mariano Rajoy, Josep Piqué and José María Aznar during the proclamation act of Josep Piqué in September 2003 The Peoples Party (Spanish: Partido Popular) is a large liberal-conservative political party in Spain. ... The Citizens Party (Catalan name: Ciutadans-Partit de la Ciutadania, Castilian name: Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía, official name in the 2006 Catalan election: Ciutadans-Partido de la Ciudadanía known before July 9, 2006 known as Ciutadans de Catalunya/Ciudadanos de Cataluña) is a self-catalogued non...

Symbols of Catalonia

Catalonia has its own representative and distinctive symbols: the Catalan flag, the song Els Segadors and the National Day of Catalonia.^[30] Flag of Catalonia, proportions 2:3 The flag of Catalonia is said to be one of the oldest of the world. ... Els Segadors (The Reapers) is the national anthem of the Catalan Nation, in the state of Spain. ... Floral offerings to the monuments of Rafael Casanova in Barcelona Fossar de les Moreres, general view A giant seafood Paella being cooked on the National Day of Catalonia 2003 in the village square of Cornudella de Montsant. ...

The flag of Catalonia

• The flag of Catalonia commonly called as Senyera ( meaning flag in the Catalan language ) is a vexillological symbol based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a golden background. It is an official symbol since the Statute of Catalonia of 1932.
• The National Day of Catalonia^[31] is on September 11 and it is commonly called as La Diada. It commemorates the 1714 Siege of Barcelona defeat during the War of the Spanish Succession.
• The national anthem of Catalonia is Els Segadors and was written in its present form by Emili Guanyavents in 1899. The song is official by law from the February 25 of 1993.^[32][33] It is based on the events of 1639 and 1640 when Catalans fought for independence against Philip IV in the so called Catalan Revolt.
• La Diada de Sant Jordi is widely celebrated in all the towns of Catalonia on April 23rd. It is a day where in addition to the exchange of books and roses, Catalans will proudly display their Catalan flags or Senyera as a show of national pride.

Image File history File links Flag_of_Catalonia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Catalonia. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... A vexillological symbol is used by vexillologists to indicate certain characteristics of national flags, such as where they are used, who uses them, and what they look like. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Coat of arms of Aragon, 15th century The Crown of Aragon is a term used to refer to the permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Siege of Barcelona was a battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714), which pitted Archduke Charles (backed by Britain, Austria, and the Netherlands), against Philip V, backed by France and Spain in a contest for Spanish lands. ... Combatants Habsburg Empire England (1701-6) Great Britain (1707-14)[1] Dutch Republic Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Aragon Duchy of Savoy [2] Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Bavaria Hungarian Rebels [3] Commanders Eugene of Savoy Margrave of Baden Count Starhemberg Duke of Marlborough Marquis de Ruvigny... Els Segadors (The Reapers) is the national anthem of the Catalan Nation, in the state of Spain. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Philip IV (), (April 8, 1605 – September 17, 1665) was King of Spain from 1621 to 1665 and also King of Portugal until 1640. ... The Catalan Revolt (known in Catalan as the Guerra dels Segadors or Reapers War) affected a large part of Catalonia between the years of 1640 and 1659. ... St. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the town in the province of Valencia, see Senyera, Valencia. ...

Economics

The GDP of Catalonia in 2007 was € 202,509 million^[34] and Per capita GDP was € 24,445, ranking high among autonomous communities in Spain.

The Catalan economy is distinguished by its industrial profile.^[35] The distribution of sectors is the following one:

• Primary sector: 2.8%
• Secondary sector: 37.2%
• Tertiary sector: 60%

The GDP growth is 3,3%,^[36] the land dedicated to agricultural use is 33%. The primary sector of industry generally involves the changing process of natural resources into primary products. ... The secondary sector of industry includes those economic sectors that create a finished, usable product: manufacturing and construction. ... The tertiary sector of industry (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing), and primary industry (extraction such as mining, agriculture and fishing). ...

Catalonia is the first tourist destination of Spain. The main tourist destinations of Catalonia are the city of Barcelona, the beaches of the Costa Brava at Girona and the Costa Daurada at Tarragona. In the Pyrenees there are 10 ski resorts: Baqueira Beret, the Molina, Espot Ski, the Masella, Port Ainé, Vall de Núria, Boí Taüll, Port of the Comte, Flat of Peguera, Tavascan and Vallter 2000. Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Lloret de Mar, the largest resort in the Costa Brava The Costa Brava is a coastal region of northeastern Catalonia, Spain, in the comarques of Alt Empordà, Baix Empordà and La Selva, in the province of Girona. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ... The Costa Daurada (Costa Dorada in Spanish, Golden Coast in English) is a 216 kilometers long coastline located on the coast of Catalonia, Spain, in the comarques of Baix Penedès, Tarragonès, Baix Camp and Baix Ebre. ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see Tarragona, Davao Oriental. ... Pic de Bugatetin the Néouvielle Natural Reserve Central Pyrenees For the mountains in Victoria, Australia, see Pyrenees (Victoria). ...

From the financial point of view the saving banks have a great implantation in Catalonia. 10 of the 46 Spanish savings banks are Catalan and "La Caixa" is the first savings bank of Europe.^[37] The first private bank originated in Catalonia is "Banc Sabadell" ranking fourth of the Spanish private banks.^[38] La Caixa is the common name for the Caixa dEstalvis i Pensions de Barcelona, a pension and savings bank in Spain. ... A savings bank is a financial institution whose primary purpose is accepting savings deposits. ... Private banks are banks which are not incorporated, and hence the entirety of their assets is available to meet the liabilities of the bank. ... Banco Sabadell, S.A., (IBEX-35:SAB) is a major Spanish bank headquartered in Sabadell. ...

The Stock market of Barcelona, that in 2004 negotiated almost 205,000 million euros, is the second most important of Spain after the Stock market of Madrid and Fira de Barcelona organizes samples and congresses of international character on varied sectors of the economy.

The main economic cost for the Catalan families is the purchase of a house. According to data of the Society of Appraisal on the 31 of December of 2005 Catalonia is, after Madrid, the second community of Spain where the price of the house is more expensive: 3,397 euros for a square meter are paid by average. By cities, nevertheless, Barcelona is the most expensive city of Spain, with an average price of 3,700 euros for a square meter. Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...

The most commonly cultivated crops in Catalonia are maize, potatoes, forage, vines, olives and cereals. Also commonly practiced are horticulture and animal husbandry; most important to the latter are porcine livestock, bovine livestock and ovine livestock. This article is about the maize plant. ... For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Binomial name L. 19th century illustration The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, from Syria and the maritime parts of Asia Minor and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea. ... Grain redirects here. ... Horticulture (pronounced or US [1]) is the art and science of the cultivation of plants. ... Shepherd with his sheep in Făgăraş Mountains, Romania. ... For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ... Tribes Bovini Boselaphini Strepsicerotini The biological subfamily Bovinae (or bovines) includes a diverse group of about 24 species of medium-sized to large ungulates, including domestic cattle, Bison, the Water Buffalo, the Yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. ... Sheep redirects here. ...

Transport

Airports

• Barcelona International Airport
• Girona-Costa Brava Airport
• Reus Airport
• Sabadell Airport

Interior view of the airport Barcelona International Airport (IATA: BCN, ICAO: LEBL), also known as El Prat, is the main airport serving Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ... Girona-Costa Brava Airport (IATA: GRO, ICAO: LEGE) is an airport located twelve kilometres south from the city of Girona, next to the small village of Vilobí dOnyar, in the north-east of Catalonia, Spain. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The Sabadell Airport (IATA: QSA, ICAO: LELL) is located next to the city of Sabadell, 10 km from Barcelona. ...

Commercial and passenger ports

• Port of Barcelona
• Port of Tarragona
• Port of Palamós

Palamós is a town and municipality in the Mediterranean Costa Brava, located in the comarca of Baix Empordà, in the province of Girona (Gerona), Catalonia, Spain. ...

Roads

see also List of autopistes and autovies in Catalonia

There are 12,000 km of roads throughout Catalonia. The network of freeways in Catalonia is divided into autopistes (generally toll roads) and autovies, with at least two separated carriageways and two lanes per carriageway. ...

The principal highway is AP-7 know also as Autopista del Mediterrani. It follows the coast from the French Border to Valencia, located south of Tarragona. The main roads generally radiate from Barcelona. The A-2 and AP-2 connect inland and onward to Madrid. Beginning La Jonquera End Algeciras Length 1. ... Missing image image:ccaa-valencia. ...

Other major roads are:

• AP-2
• A-2
• N-II
• C-12
• A-16 or C-32
• C-16
• C-17
• C-25
• A-26
• C-32
• C-60

Beginning Madrid End Barcelona Length 504 km List of autopistas and autovías in Spain The Autovía A-2 or Autopista AP-2 (also called Autovia del Nordeste) is a Spanish autovía and autopista route which starts in Madrid and ends in Barcelona. ... Beginning Madrid End Barcelona Length 504 km List of autopistas and autovías in Spain The Autovía A-2 or Autopista AP-2 (also called Autovia del Nordeste) is a Spanish autovía and autopista who starts in Madrid and ends in Barcelona. ... N-II was the former name for the Route Nacional from Madrid to Barcelona and France. ... The Autovia C-12 connects Lleida with Tortosa and the Delta of the Ebro. ... Autovia 16 has subsequently been re-numbered C32 and comprises a motorway built along the coast south from Barcelona via Castelldefels, Sitges, Villanova. ... The Autovia C-16 runs north from Barcelona via Terrassa, Manresa, Berga and the Tunnel de Cadi to Puigcerda and the French Border. ... The Autopista C-17 connects Barcelona with Vic and Ripoll to the north in the Upper Ter Valley. ... Autovia C-25 or the Eix Transversal provides an important east-west route accross Catalonia. ... The Autovia A-26 is a long term project of the Spanish government to upgrade the C-26 /C-66. ... Autopista C-32 is also called the Autopista Barcelona-Massanet. ... C-60 freeway is also called Autopista Mataró - Granollers. ...

Railways

Catalonia saw the first railway construction in Iberian Peninsula in 1848, linking Barcelona with Mataró. Given the topography most lines radiate from Barcelona. The city has both suburban and inter-city services. The main east coast line runs through the province connecting with French Railways at Portbou on the coast. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... “Mataro” redirects here. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Porbou Porbou is a town in the Alt Empordà comarca, in Girona province, Catalonia, Spain. ...

The railroad companies operating in Catalonia are FGC and RENFE. FGC Logo Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government Railways), or FGC, is a railway company which operates several unconnected lines in the Catalonia, Spain. ... Map of the Spanish rail network as it was in 2005, with colour-coded track types A new Cercanías Civia unit near Puerto Real (Cádiz) AVE Class 100 train at Cordoba station Renfe Operadora is the state-owned company which operates freight and passenger trains on the 1668...

High speed AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) services from Madrid currently reach Lleida, Tarragona and Barcelona. The official opening between Barcelona and Madrid was on 20 February 2008. The journey between Barcelona and Madrid lasts about 2 and a half hours. Construction has commenced to extend the high speed line northwards to connect with the French high speed network. This new line passes through Girona and a rail tunnel through the Pyrenees. For other uses, see AVE (disambiguation). ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Lleida (Catalan) Spanish name Lérida Founded 6th century BC Postal code 25XXX Website http://www. ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see Tarragona, Davao Oriental. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ...

Climate

The climate of Catalonia is mediterranean in general, but with a lot of different microclimates. On the coast summers are hot with common sea breezes (max. 30ºC). Rain is scarce in this season but there can be late summer storms. Winter is cool and rain is possible. The most rainy months are September, October and November, and April and May in Spring. The interior of Catalunya is hotter in the summer but with rainstorms, more possible near mountainous regions, temperatures can reach 35ºC or more, even 40ºC is not rare, but not common. Nights are cool, (14º-16ºC). Autumn is rainy but with many sunny days and cooler temperatures, and Winter can be very cold, temperatures below 0ºC very common,temperatures can go down to -10ºC. Fog is very common in valleys and plains in Winter, Autumn and Spring. Spring is a nice season, with warm temperatures but cold nights, frost is common until April. Rainy days are possible at this time, but lots of sunshine too. The mountains regions like the Pyrenees and others are rainier and cooler in summer but colder in Winter with snow.

Environmental policy

Awareness of environmental problems tends to be much lower in Catalonia (and in Spain as a whole) than in northern Europe. Carbon dioxide emissions in Catalonia have increased by 40% since 1992,^{[citation needed]} and 60% of the region's electricity comes from aging nuclear power stations^{[citation needed]} (a figure only exceeded in Europe by France and Lithuania). Despite Catalonia's change of government in 2004 from the long time ruling conservative/nationalist CiU to a "catalanist/social/green" tripartite coalition of PSC, ERC, and ICV parties, there is little evidence of greater concern for the environment. ICV was put in charge of the Department of Environment, but has largely continued the outgoing administration's policies. The Department's decision to build the controversial Bracons tunnel through an area of outstanding natural beauty, and a plan to situate an incinerator burning 90,000 metric tonnes of industrial waste^[39] in a heavily-populated valley are two of the mentioned issues. Logo of the ICV Initiative for Catalonia - Greens (Iniciativa per Catalunya - Verds, ICV) is a political party in Catalonia, Spain. ...

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia

There are several UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia: Org type Specialized Agency Acronyms UNESCO Head Director General of UNESCO Koïchiro Matsuura Japan Status Active Established 1945 Website www. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ...

• Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco, Tarragona
• Catalan Romanesque Churches at Vall de Boí
• Poblet Monastery, Poblet, Tarragona province
• Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona
• Works of Antoni Gaudi:
  • Sagrada Família, Barcelona
  • Parc Güell, Barcelona
  • Palau Güell, Barcelona
  • Casa Milà (La Pedrera), Barcelona

For the municipality in the Philippines, see Tarragona, Davao Oriental. ... South transept of Tournai Cathedral, Belgium, 12th century. ... Fresco of Christ Pantocrator from Sant Climent de Taüll, acknowledged as one of the masterpieces of Romanesque art. ... The Monastery of Santa Maria de Poblet is a Cistercian monastery, founded in 1151, located in the comarca of Conca de Barberà, in Catalonia (Spain). ... The Palau de la Música Catalana (Palace of Catalan Music) in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, is a concert hall built between 1905 and 1908, designed by the Catalan architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner. ... The present Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Catalan for Hospital of the Holy Cross and Saint Paul) in the Guinardó, Barcelona, Spain, is a complex built between 1901 and 1930, designed by the Catalan architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Antoni Gaud i Cornet (more widely known in the English speaking world under the Spanish version of his first name, as Antonio Gaud , or, just simply, Gaudi), (25 June 1852–10 June 1926) was a Catalan architect famous for his unique designs expressing sculptural and individualistic qualities. ... For the Alan Parsons Project song, see La Sagrada Familia (song). ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... The entrance to the park Park Güell is a garden complex with architectural elements situated on the hill of El Carmel in the Gràcia district of Barcelona, Spain. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Front entrance allowed horse drawn carriages to enter the home through one door and exit through the other. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Casa Milá at dusk Parabolic or catenary arches under the terrace of Casa Milà. Casa Milà, better known as La Pedrera (Catalan for The Quarry), is a building designed by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí and built in the years 1905–1907. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...

Popular culture

Castellers are one of the main manifestations of the Catalan popular culture . The activity consists on the construction of human towers by colles castelleres (teams) that compete among them. This practice was originated in the southern part of Catalonia during the XVIII century. Castellers are human towers. ...

The sardana is the most characteristic Catalan popular dance, other groups also practice Ball de bastons, moixiganga or jota in the southern part. Musically the Havaneres are also characteristic in the marine localities of the Costa Brava specially during the summer months when this songs are sung outdoors always accompanied by a tasting of burned rum. As opposed to other more traditional parts of Spain, flamenco is not popularly performed, but rather the rumba is a more prevalent dance style. The sardana (Catalan plural sardanes) is a type of circle dance typical of Catalonia. ... The ball de bastons (Catalan: ) is a kind of folk dance from Catalonia. ... The jota is a dance known throughout Spain, most likely originating in Aragon. ... Catalonia (in Spain and France) has one of the oldest documented musical traditions in Europe, and has had a rich musical culture continuously for at least two thousand years. ... Lloret de Mar, the largest resort in the Costa Brava The Costa Brava is a coastal region of northeastern Catalonia, Spain, in the comarques of Alt Empordà, Baix Empordà and La Selva, in the province of Girona. ...

In the greater celebrations other elements of the Catalan popular culture are usually present: the parades of giants and correfocs of devils and firecrackers. Another traditional celebration of Catalonia is La Patum de Berga declared oral and immaterial patrimony of the Humanity by UNESCO in the 25 of November of 2005.^[40] Correfocs in Barcelona Catalonias festivals and traditions unify Catalan society and help to give it its particular character. ... Patum de Berga The Patum de Berga, or simply La Patum, is a popular and traditional festival that is celebrated each year in the Catalan city of Berga during the Solemnity of Corpus Christi. ...

In addition to the own manifestations of the Catalan traditional culture and fruit of the great immigration from other Spanish regions people can enjoy other cultural manifestations.

Gallery of images

Sagrada Família, Barcelona Download high resolution version (1280x960, 267 KB)Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain This picture was taken by me (Filip Maljkovic) on June 29th, 2004 at 10:32, when I was on a trip to Barcelona. ... For the Alan Parsons Project song, see La Sagrada Familia (song). ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...	Girona's Cathedral Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2048 pixels, file size: 2. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ...	Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco, Tarragona Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 683 pixel, file size: 135 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Tarragona. ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see Tarragona, Davao Oriental. ...	La Seu Vella, Lleida Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3008x2000, 1565 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lleida Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Lleida (Catalan) Spanish name Lérida Founded 6th century BC Postal code 25XXX Website http://www. ...
The Aran valley Image File history File linksMetadata Val_d'Aran. ... Val dAran, a small valley (620. ...	Church of Sitges Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixels, file size: 1. ... Location Coordinates : Time zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer : CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Sitges (Catalan) Spanish name Sitges Nickname Blanca Subur Postal code 08870 (Sitges and Garraf) 08860 (Les Botigues) Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...	Dali Museum, Figueres Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 630 KB) Teatro-Museo Dalí, Figueres Photograph: Luidger (27. ... Sant Pere Dalí Museum Town church tower, Figueres Figueres (Castilian: Figueras) is the capital of the comarca (district) of Alt Empordà, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. ...

See also

Torre Agbar in Barcelona

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Catalonia

• Catalonia travel guide from Wikitravel
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• Famous Catalan People
• History of Catalonia
• National Day of Catalonia
• Catalan nationalism
• Northern Catalonia
• Principality of Catalonia
• List of rivers of Catalonia
• Barcelona
• Tarragona
• Lleida
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• Catalan wine
• Agrupació Astronòmica de Sabadell
• Sport in Catalonia

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2004x4962, 3384 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Barcelona Torre Agbar Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2004x4962, 3384 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Barcelona Torre Agbar Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Torre Agbar in Barcelona. ... Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... The Tió de Nadal (roughly Christmas log), also known as Tió or Tronca (log), is a mythological character in Catalan mythology relating to a Christmas tradition widespread in Catalonia. ... .cat is a top-level domain submitted to ICANN for approval as a sponsored TLD. It would be used to highlight Catalan language and culture. ... The terms Catalan Countries (Catalan: Països Catalans) or Catalanofonia (quite similar, in the linguistic sense, to the French Francophonie, the Portuguese Lusofonia or the Spanish Hispanophone) includes all the territories where the Catalan language is spoken. ... Catalan cuisine is based on the ingredients of the Mediterranean area: fresh vegetables (especially tomato, garlic, aubergine, red pepper, and artichoke), wheat products (bread, pasta), olive oils, wines, legumes (beans, chick peas), all sorts of pork preparations (sausages, ham), all sorts of cheese, poultry, lamb, and many types of fish... Famous Catalan (from Catalonia, Spain) people. ... The territory that now constitutes the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain, and the adjoining Catalan region of France, was first settled during the Middle Palaeolithic. ... Floral offerings to the monuments of Rafael Casanova in Barcelona Fossar de les Moreres, general view A giant seafood Paella being cooked on the National Day of Catalonia 2003 in the village square of Cornudella de Montsant. ... Catalan nationalism, or Catalanism, is a political movement that advocates for an increased political autonomy of Catalonia, if not independence itself, from Spain and France. ... Northern Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya Nord; Spanish: Cataluña del Norte o Cataluña Transpirenaica; French: Catalogne Nord or Pays Catalan) is the name mainly used by the Catalan-speaking community to refer to the part of the historic Principality of Catalonia that came under French governance through the signing of... This article is about the historic territory. ... The rivers of Catalonia can be classified into four groups according to their source. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see Tarragona, Davao Oriental. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Lleida (Catalan) Spanish name Lérida Founded 6th century BC Postal code 25XXX Website http://www. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ... Catalonia Catalan wine is wine made in the Spanish wine region of Catalonia. ...

References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

External links

• The Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia)
• Statistical information from Idescat (Catalan Institute of Statistics)
• Institut d'Estudis Catalans (Institute of Catalan Studies)
• Lletra. Catalan Literature Online
• Lletra. espai virtual de literatura catalana
• Catalan Hyperencyclopaedia: Encyclopedia with information about Catalonia in English
• A guide to the natural history of Catalonia
• The Spirit of Catalonia. Digital edition of the 1946 book by Oxford Professor Dr. Josep Trueta, in English.
• Fundació d'Estudis Històrics de Catalunya
• Catalonian rumba - Rumba catalana - Music from Catalonia

Josep Trueta i Raspall (1897-1977) was a Catalan medical doctor. ...

edit	Comarques of Catalonia
Comarques of Autonomous Community of Catalonia
Alt Camp | Alt Empordà | Alt Penedès | Alt Urgell | Alta Ribagorça | Anoia | Bages | Baix Camp | Baix Ebre | Baix Empordà | Baix Llobregat | Baix Penedès | Barcelonès | Berguedà | Cerdanya | Conca de Barberà | Garraf | Garrigues | Garrotxa | Gironès | Maresme | Montsià | Noguera | Osona | Pallars Jussà | Pallars Sobirà | Pla de l'Estany | Pla d'Urgell | Priorat | Ribera d'Ebre | Ripollès | Segarra | Segrià | Selva | Solsonès | Tarragonès | Terra Alta | Urgell | Val d'Aran | Vallès Occidental | Vallès Oriental

v • d • e Catalan-speaking regions Catalan as the only official language Andorra Catalan as co-official language Balearic Islands · Catalonia · L'Alguer · Valencia (as Valencian) Spoken without official status Carxe (as Valencian)  · La Franja · Northern Catalonia

v • d • e Administrative divisions of Spain Autonomous communities Andalusia · Aragon · Asturias · Balearic Islands · Basque Country · Canary Islands · Cantabria · Castile-La Mancha · Castile and León · Catalonia · Extremadura · Galicia · Madrid · Murcia · Navarre · La Rioja · Valencian Community Present-day division of Catalonia in comarques This is a list of the comarques (singular comarca) of Catalonia (Spain). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Catalonia. ... Alt Camp is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Province Girona Capital Figueres Largest city Figueres Demonym   Population (2002) 99,321 Area 1,342. ... Alt Penedès is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Lleida Capital Seu dUrgell Largest city Seu dUrgell Demonym   Population (2001) 19,105 hab. ... Alta Ribagorça is one of the comarques of Catalonia. ... Province Barcelona Capital Igualada Largest city Igualada Demonym   Population 93,529 (2001) Area 866. ... For other uses, see Bages (disambiguation). ... Other Catalan comarques Province Tarragona Capital Reus Largest city Reus Demonym   Population (2001) 145,675 hab. ... Baix Ebre is a comarca (county), on the coast in southernCatalonia. ... Baix Empordà is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, one of the two into which Empordà was divided in the comarcal division of 1936. ... Province Barcelona Capital Sant Feliu de Llobregat Largest city Cornellà de Llobregat Demonym   Population 692,892 (2001) Area 486. ... Baix Penedès is a comarca (county) on the coast of Catalonia. ... Barcelonès is the most populous and economically important comarca (county) of Catalonia. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Barcelona Capital Berga Largest city Berga Demonym   Population (2001) 37,995 hab. ... Map of Baixa Cerdanya in Catalonia Cerdanya (French Cerdagne) is one of the historical Catalan counties in the eastern Pyrenees, bordering the county of Alt Urgell. ... Conca de Barberà is a comarca (county) in Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain. ... Garraf is a comarca (a county) in Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain. ... Garrotxa is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Gironès is a comarca (county) in eastern Catalonia, bordering Selva, Baix Empordà, Alt Empordà and Garrotxa. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Catalonia Capital Mataró Largest city Mataró Demonym m. ... Montsià is the southernmost comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Lleida Capital Balaguer Largest city Balaguer Demonym   Population (2001) 34,744 Area 1,733. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Barcelona Capital Vic Largest city Vic Demonym m: osonenc f: osonenca Population (2002) 129,543 Area 1,263. ... For the Catalan municipality previously known as Pallars Jussà, see Conca de Dalt. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Lleida Capital Sort Largest city Sort Demonym   Population (2005) 6,883 Area 1,355. ... Pla de lEstany is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Lleida Capital Mollerussa Largest city Mollerussa Demonym   Population (2002) 30,934 Area 304. ... Priorat is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Lleida Capital Móra dEbre Largest city Móra dEbre Demonym   Population (2001) 2,656 hab. ... Ripollès is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Lleida Capital Cervera Largest city Cervera Demonym   Population (2001) 18,497 Area 721. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Lleida Capital Lleida Largest city Lleida Demonym   Population (2001) 166,090 Area 1,393. ... Selva is a coastal comarca (county) in Catalonia, located between the mountain range known as the Serralada Transversal or Puigsacalm and the Costa Brava (part of the Mediterranean coast). ... Solsonès is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Tarragonès is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Terra Alta is a sparsely populated inland comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain. ... Province Lleida Capital Tàrrega Largest city Tàrrega Demonym   Population 31,026 (2001) Area 586. ... Val dAran, a small valley (620. ... Vallès Occidental is a comarca (county) in Catalonia. ... Vallès Oriental is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain, European Union. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (869x581, 27 KB) Sumari Catalan language in Europe Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Catalan language ... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... Alghero (lAlguer in Catalan and SAlighèra in Sardinian), is a town of about 42,000 inhabitants (down from 54,300 inhabitants since early 20th century) in Italy. ... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Valencian and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Valencian (valencià) is the historical, traditional, and official name used in the Valencian Community (Spain) to refer to the language spoken therein, also known as Catalan (català) in the Spanish Autonomous Communities of Catalonia, Aragon and the Balearic Islands; in the country of Andorra; in the southern French region of... Carxe is a city in Spain. ... Valencian (valencià) is the historical, traditional, and official name used in the Valencian Community (Spain) to refer to the language spoken therein, also known as Catalan (català) in the Spanish Autonomous Communities of Catalonia, Aragon and the Balearic Islands; in the country of Andorra; in the southern French region of... Language distribution in Aragon Map of Catalan Countries with current political borders Franja de Ponent (IPA: ; Catalan for Western Strip), Francha de Lebán (Aragonese for Eastern Strip), Franja de Aragón, or simply La Franja, refers to four comarques in the east of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, which... Northern Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya Nord; Spanish: Cataluña del Norte o Cataluña Transpirenaica; French: Catalogne Nord or Pays Catalan) is the name mainly used by the Catalan-speaking community to refer to the part of the historic Principality of Catalonia that came under French governance through the signing of... Autonomous communities of Spain. ... For other uses, see Andalusia (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Himno de Aragón Capital Zaragoza Official languages Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... Anthem: Asturias, patria querida Capital Oviedo Official language(s) Spanish; Asturian has special status Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 10th  10,604 km²  2. ... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... Pays Basque) see Northern Basque Country. ... This article is about the islands in the Atlantic Ocean. ... For the Mesozoic island Cantabria, see Cantabria (Mesozoic island). ... Capital Toledo Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 3rd  79,463 km²  15. ... Capital Valladolid Official language(s) Spanish/Castilian Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  94,223 km²  18. ... Capital Mérida Official languages Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Capital Madrid Official languages Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 12th  8,030. ... Capital Murcia Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 9th  11 313 km²  2,2% Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 10th  1 226 993  2,9%  108,46/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Spanish  Murcian  murciano/a Statute of Autonomy June 9, 1982 ISO 3166-2 MU Parliamentary representation  â€“ Congress seats  â€“ Senate... “Navarra” redirects here. ... La Rioja is a province and autonomous community of northern Spain. ... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Valencian and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Autonomous cities  |  Plazas de soberanía Ceuta · Melilla  |  Isla Perejil · Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera · Peñón de Alhucemas · Islas Chafarinas The Plazas de Soberanía. ... Capital Ceuta City Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  28 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  75,861    2,709. ... Capital Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  20 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  66,871    3,343. ... A satellite NASA World Wind caption of Isla Perejil seen as a tiny island (top middle) The Isla Perejil (Parsley Island in English; Arabic: Leila, night , local, i. ... Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, seen from the Moroccan coast Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera is one of the Spanish territories on North Africa off the Moroccan coast (Plazas de soberanía), along with the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla (from which it... 19th-century Spanish map showing the Peñón de Alhucemas Peñón de Alhucemas, or Lavender Rock, is one of the Spanish territories in North Africa off the Moroccan coast, along with the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, the island of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera... 19th-century Spanish map showing the Chafarinas. Islas Chafarinas are a group of three small islands located in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Morocco, 45 km to the east of Melilla and 3. ...