Pre-contact distribution of the Catawba

The Catawba (also known as Issa or Esaw, but most commonly Iswa) are a tribe of Native Americans, in the Southeast United States, along the border between North and South Carolina. The Catawba were once considered one of the most powerful eastern Siouan tribes. The Catawba began settling in this region of North America in the mid 17th century. It is a matter of some debate as to where the Catawba lived prior to European settlement, but the central and southeastern Great Lakes region is a generally accepted and much cited location.^{[citation needed]} Catawba may refer to several things: Catawba (tribe), a Native American tribe Catawban languages Catalpa, a genus of trees, based on the name used by the Catawba and other Native American tribes Catawba (grape), a variety of grape Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense) The catawabas are also know as the... Image File history File links Catawba_lang. ... Image File history File links Catawba_lang. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Official language(s) English Demonym North Carolinian Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th in the US  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (340 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (900 km)  - % water 9. ... Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area  Ranked 40th  - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 260 miles (420 km)  - % water 6  - Latitude 32° 2′ N to 35° 13′ N  - Longitude 78° 32′ W to 83... North American redirects here. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ...

Primarily involved in agriculture, the Catawba were friendly towards early European colonists. However they were at almost constant war with the Iroquois, Shawnees, Delaware, and other tribes of the Ohio Valley.^{[citation needed]} For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... Shawnee The Shawnee are a people native to North America. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Carl D. Perkins Bridge in Portsmouth, Ohio with Ohio River and Scioto River tributary on right. ...

Despite their small number, Catawbas served as patriots in the American Revolutionary War, fighting alongside other American revolutionaries against the British in battles such as Guilford Court House. Though their contribution to the Revolution was greatly appreciated in South Carolina, the population and land holdings of the Catawbas continued to dwindle as Americans settlers flourished around them.^{[citation needed]} This article concerns Patriots in the American Revolutionary War. ... This article is about military actions only. ... Combatants United States Britain Commanders Nathanael Greene Lord Cornwallis Strength 4,400 1,900 Casualties 79 killed 185 wounded 1,046 missing Total: 1,310 93 killed 413 wounded 26 missing Total: 532 The Battle of Guilford Court House was a battle fought on March 15, 1781 inside the present...

Although the tribe had an estimated 5,000 living in North and South Carolina prior to the Revolutionary War, constant warfare and smallpox epidemics would eventually weaken the tribe to the extent they were forced to lease part of their reservation in 1826 and the remaining land in 1840. Although North Carolina refused to set aside land for the tribe, South Carolina granted them 800 acres (3.2 km²) where the Catawba live today.^{[citation needed]} Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Official language(s) English Demonym North Carolinian Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th in the US  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (340 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (900 km)  - % water 9. ...

As of 2006, about 2600 Catawbas remain, most in South Carolina, with smaller groups in Oklahoma, Colorado, and elsewhere. The Catawba State Reserve, located in York County, South Carolina, has a population of 124 (1990). The Catawba language, which is now being resurrected, is part of the Siouan-Catawban family (Catawban branch).^{[citation needed]} 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Demonym Coloradan Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th in the US  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... York County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... This article is about the year. ... Pre-contact distribution of the Siouan-Catawban languages Siouan-Catawban (also Catawban-Siouan, Siouan) is a language family of North America that is located primarily in the Great Plains of North America with a few outlier languages in the east. ... Pre-contact distribution of the Catawban languages The Catawban (also Eastern Siouan) languages form a small language family in east North America. ...

The tribe was officially recognized by the state of South Carolina in 1993. Its headquarters is at Rock Hill, South Carolina. Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Rock Hill is the largest city in York County, South Carolina, and a satellite city of Charlotte, North Carolina. ...

The Catawba River and Catawba County take their names from the tribe. The Catawba River is a tributary of the Wateree River, approximately 220 mi (354 km) long, in the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina. ... Catawba County is a county located in the state of North Carolina. ...

History of the Catawba People

From the earliest period the Catawba have also been known as Esaw, or Issa (Catawba iswä', `river'), from their residence on the principal stream of the region, Iswa being their only name for the Catawba and Wateree rivers. They were frequently included by the Iroquois under the general term Totiri, or Toderichroone, another form of which is Tutelo, applied to all the southern Siouan tribes collectively. They were classed by Gallatin (1836) as a distinct stock, and were so regarded until Gatschet visited them in 1881 and obtained a large vocabulary showing numerous Siouan correspondences. Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Further investigations by Hale, Gatschet, Mooney, and Dorsey proved that several other tribes of the same region were also of Siouan stock, while the linguistic forms and traditional evidence all point to this eastern region as the original home of the Siouan tribes. The alleged tradition which brings the Catawba from the north, as refugees from the French and their Indian allies about the year 1660, does not agree in any of its main points with the known facts of history, and, if genuine at all, refers rather to some local incident than to a tribal movement. Siouan is a family of related Native American languages in North America. ... // Events January 1 - Colonel George Monck with his regiment crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream and begins advance towards London in support of English Restoration. ...

It is well known that the Catawba were in a chronic state of warfare with the northern tribes, whose raiding parties they sometimes followed, even across the Ohio. In 1738, smallpox raged in South Carolina and worked great destruction, not only among the whites, but also among the Catawba and smaller tribes. In 1759, it appeared again, and this time destroyed nearly half the tribe. This article is about the U.S. State. ... Events February 4 - Court Jew Joseph Suss Oppenheimer is executed in Württenberg April 15 - Premiere in London of Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel. ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

At a conference at Albany, attended by delegates from the Six Nations and the Catawba, under the auspices of the colonial governments, a treaty of peace was made between these two tribes. This peace was probably final as regards the Iroquois, but the western tribes continued their warfare against the Catawba, who were now so reduced that they could make little effectual resistance. In 1762, a small party of Shawnee killed the noted chief of the tribe, King Haiglar, near his own village. From this time, the Catawba ceased to be of importance except in conjunction with the whites.

In 1763, they had confirmed to them a reservation, assigned a few years before, of 15 miles square, on both sides of Catawba river, within the present York and Lancaster Counties., S. C. On the approach of the British troops in 1780 the Catawba withdrew temporarily into Virginia, but returned after the battle of Guilford Court House, and established themselves in 2 villages on the reservation, known respectively as Newton, the principal village, and Turkey Head, on opposite sides of Catawba River. This article is about the U.S. state. ...

In 1826, nearly the whole of their reservation was leased to whites for a few thousand dollars, on which the few survivors chiefly depended. About 1841, they sold to the state all but a single square mile, on which they now reside. About the same time a number of the Catawba, dissatisfied with their condition among the whites, removed to the eastern Cherokee in western North Carolina, but finding their position among their old enemies equally unpleasant, all but one or two soon went back again. An old woman, the last survivor of this emigration, died among the Cherokee in 1889. A few other Cherokee are now intermarried with that tribe. At a later period some Catawba removed to the Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory and settled near Scullyville, but are said to be now extinct. About 1884, several became converts of Mormon missionaries in South Carolina and went with them to Salt Lake City, Utah. 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the history and use of the word Mormon. For information about the religious beliefs and culture of Mormons, see Mormonism. ... The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is Salt Lake Citys top tourist draw. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Catawba at THE CORN EXPOSITION 1913 Rock Hill

The Catawba were sedentary agriculturists, and seem to have differed but little in general customs from their neighbors. Their men were respected, brave, and honest. They were good hunters, while their women were noted makers of pottery and baskets, arts which they still preserve.^{[citation needed]} They seem to have practiced the custom of head-flattening to a limited extent, as did several of the neighboring tribes. By reason of their dominant position they gradually absorbed the broken tribes of South Carolina, to the number, according to Adair, of perhaps 20.

In the early settlement of South Carolina, about 1682, they were estimated at 1,500 warriors, or about 4,600 souls; in 1728, at 400 warriors, or, about 400 persons. In 1738, they suffered from smallpox; and, in 1743, after incorporating several small tribes, numbered less than 400 warriors. In 1759, they again suffered from smallpox, and, in 1761, had some 300 warriors, or about 1,000 people. The number was reduced in 1775 to 400 souls; in 1780, it was 490; and, in 1784, only 250 were reported. The number given in 1822 is 450, and Mills gives the population in 1826 as only 110. Year 1682 (MDCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Catawba religion and culture

The Catawba religion has a creator (Manatou), and sometimes is said to have a trinity. This trinity consists of Manatou, the creator, Kaia, the turtle, and a third being who is sometimes said to be the son of Manatou. It is likely that the three beings have always been deities in Catawba culture, but that Christian influence has changed Catawba stories so that the three beings are more like the trinity in the Christian religion. In approximately 1883, tribal members were contacted by Mormon missionaries and a large number of Catawba were converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.^{[citation needed]} LDS church membership remains high among the Catawbas today.^{[citation needed]} The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... This article is about the Christian Trinity. ... For other uses, see Turtle (disambiguation). ... This article is about the term Deity in the context of mysticism and theology. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... It has been suggested that Senior Missionaries be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (disambiguation). ...

The Catawba hold a yearly celebration called Yap Ye Iswa, which roughly translates to Day of the People, or Day of the River People. Held at the Catawba Cultural Center, proceeds are used to fund the activities of the Catawba Cultural Center. Image File history File links Catawba_potter. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ...

In the Carolinas, the Catawbas became well-known for their pottery, especially around the Charleston area. Some cooks believed that certain dishes, such as okra soup, could not be prepared properly without a pot made by the Catawbas. Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... Nickname: Motto: Aedes Mores Juraque Curat (She cares for her temples, customs, and rights) Location of Charleston in South Carolina. ... Binomial name (L.) Moench Okra (American English: , British English ), also known as ladys finger[1], bhindi (Hindustani) and gumbo, is a flowering plant in the mallow family (along with such species as cotton and cocoa) valued for its edible green fruits. ...

In 1996, the Catawbas formed a joint venture partnership with D.T. Collier of SPM Resorts, Inc. of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina to manage their bingo and casino operations. That partnership, New River Management and Development Company, LLC (of which the Catawbas were the majority owner) operated the Catawba's bingo parlor in Rock Hill, South Carolina, for several years. Due to lost revenues as a result of the South Carolina Education Lottery, the Tribe decided to shut the Rock Hill bingo operation down and sell the facility.^[1] Myrtle Beach is a city located in Horry County, South Carolina. ... Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area  Ranked 40th  - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 260 miles (420 km)  - % water 6  - Latitude 32° 2′ N to 35° 13′ N  - Longitude 78° 32′ W to 83... This article is about the American version of Bingo. ... Rock Hill is the name of some places in the United States of America: Rock Hill, Missouri Rock Hill, New York Rock Hill, South Carolina Not to be confused with them are: Rocky Hill, Connecticut Rocky Hill, New Jersey This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other... Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area  Ranked 40th  - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 260 miles (420 km)  - % water 6  - Latitude 32° 2′ N to 35° 13′ N  - Longitude 78° 32′ W to 83... The South Carolina Education Lottery (SCEL) is run by the state of South Carolina. ... Rock Hill is the name of some places in the United States of America: Rock Hill, Missouri Rock Hill, New York Rock Hill, South Carolina Not to be confused with them are: Rocky Hill, Connecticut Rocky Hill, New Jersey This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other...

In 2006, the Catawbas filed suit against the state of South Carolina for the right to operate video poker and similar electronic play devices on their reservation. They prevailed in the lower courts, but the state appealed that ruling to the South Carolina Supreme Court. The state Supreme Court overturned the lower court ruling. The Tribe appealed that ruling to the United States Supreme Court, but the court declined to hear the appeal.^[2] Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On July 21, 2007 Catawba held their first elections in over 30 years. Of the five members of the former government, only two were reelected.^[3] Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Catawba has entered into an exclusive management contract with SPM Resorts, Inc. to manage all new bingo facilities developed by the Tribe. Some Tribal members have been critical of this because the contract was signed by the former governing body immediately prior to the new elections and the contract has never been brought before the General Council (the full tribal membership) as is required by their existing constitution.^[4]

References

• Drye, Willie (Nov. 14, 2005). "Excavated Village Unlocks Mystery of Tribe's Economy". National Geographic News.

Notes

1. ^ The lottery at 5 years | Tribe says lottery killed its business - December 18, 2007
2. ^ U.S Supreme Court Order List — October 1, 2007
3. ^ New Catawba leader faces uphill climb - August 13, 2007
4. ^ Tribal members protest Catawba Bingo - April 6, 2004

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Category:Catawba

• The Catawba Cultural Preservation Project
  • A Brief History of the Catawba Peoples
• Entry from Encyclopedia of North American Indians
• "Catawba History" by Lee Sultzman
• Information on Catawba
• Looking Back - The Catawba
• The Catawba Indians: "People of the River" - at Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History