 View of the Facade with Giotto's Bell Tower. The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore of Florence, Italy, is the cathedral church (Duomo) of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, noted for its distinctive dome. Its name ("Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower") refers to the lily, symbol of Florence, or to the old town name Fiorenza. But a 15th century document on the other hand states that the "flower" refers to Christ. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (4355x2772, 1804 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Duomo of Florence Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (4355x2772, 1804 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Duomo of Florence Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used...
Florences skyline Florences skyline at night from Piazza Michaelangelo Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ...
A cathedral is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Anglican, Catholic and some Lutheran churches, which serves as the central church of a diocese, and thus as a bishops seat. ...
The Duomo of Florence, Santa Maria del Fiore Front of Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore the Duomo Duomo is a generic Italian term for a cathedral church. ...
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, also called the Archdiocese of Firenze, is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ...
lily is the best name in the whole wide world. ...
Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ...
The cathedral complex includes the church proper, the Battistero di San Giovanni, built after Santa Croce and Santa Maria Novella. The Battistero di San Giovanni (Baptistery of St John) is believed to be the oldest building in Florence. ...
The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church of Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. ...
The Romanesque-Gothic facade, completed by Leon Battista Alberti in 1470 Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence. ...
History It was built on the site of a previous cathedral, Santa Reparata, prompted by the magnificence of the new cathedrals in Pisa and Siena. At the end of the 13th century, the nine-centuries-old church of Santa Reparata was crumbling with age, as attested in documents of that time. Furthermore, it was becoming too small in a period of rapid population expansion. Prosperous Florence wanted to surpass in grandeur its Tuscan rivals, Pisa and Siena, with a more magnificent church, grander in size and more richly adorned at the exterior. This cathedral was, as a result, the largest in Europe when it was completed, with room for 30,000 people. It is now only exceeded in size by Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City, Saint Paul's Cathedral in London, the Seville Cathedral, and the Milan Cathedral. Below the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore there are remains of a paleo-christian cult area and the building of Santa Reparata Ever since the barbaric ages there was an area in the north of Florence which was dedicated to the christian cult of the time and up to...
This article discusses the Italian city. ...
Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ...
Interior view, with the nave of the Cattedra in the back St. ...
St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London in London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ...
Cathedral from the Patio of Oranges Interior of the Cathedral Façade of the Cathedral The Cathedral of Seville, formally Catedral de Santa MarÃa de la Sede (Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See) was begun in 1402, with construction continuing into the 16th century. ...
The Duomo di Milano is one of the most famous buildings in Europe. ...
The new church was designed by Arnolfo di Cambio in 1296 to be the largest Roman Catholic church in the world (although the design was altered several times and later reduced in size). Arnolfo di Cambio was also the famous architect of the church of Santa Croce and the Palazzo Vecchio. He designed three wide naves ending under the octogonal dome, with the middle nave covering the surface of Santa Reparata. The first stone was laid on September 9, 1296 by Cardinal Valeriana, the first papal legate ever sent to Florence. The building of this vast project was to last 170 years, the collective efforts of several generations. The tabernacle over the high altar of St. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church of Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. ...
Palazzo della Signoria Palazzo della Signoria was the original name of the Palazzo Vecchio, before the government of the Republic of Florence was moved to the Uffizi under Cosimo I de Medici. ...
September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ...
Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ...
The word legate comes from the Latin legare (to send). It has several meanings, all related to representatives: A legate is a member of a diplomatic embassy. ...
After Arnolfo died in 1302, work on the cathedral slowed or was suspended during thirty years. The building drive got a new impetus, when the relics of San Zanobius were discovered in 1330 in San Reparata. In 1331, the Arte della Lana (Guild of Wool Merchants) took over the exclusive patronage for the construction of the cathedral and in 1334 they appointed Giotto as overseer for the work. Assisted by Andrea Pisano, he continued along di Cambio's design. His major accomplishment was the building campanile, but he died in 1337. Andrea Pisano continued the building, until he was stopped by the Black Plague in 1348. Saint Zenobius ( San Zenobio or San Zanobi) (337 – 417) is venerated as the first bishop of Florence. ...
Statue of Giotto di Bondone, close to the Uffizi. ...
Andrea Pisano (c. ...
This article concerns the epidemic of the mid-14th century. ...
It was not until 1349 that work resumed on the cathedral itself under a series of architects, starting with Francesco Talenti, who finished the belltower and enlarged the overall project with the apse and the side chapels, but did not alter the outside. After 1359 he was succeeded by Giovanni di Lapo Ghini (1360–1369) who divided the center nave in four square bays. Other architects were Alberto Arnoldi, Giovanni d'Ambrogio, Neri di Fioravante and Orcagna. By 1375 the old church Santa Reparata was pulled down. The nave was finished by 1380, and by 1418 only the dome was left uncompleted. Andrea di Cione Arcangelo (c. ...
Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ...
The walls are covered in alternate vertical and horizontal bands with many-colored marble from Carrara (white), Prato (green), Siena (red), Lavenza and a few other places. These marble bands had to repeat the decorations of the Baptistery and Giotto's belltower. There are two lateral door, the Doors of the Canonici (south side) and the Door of the Mandorla (north side) with works of art of Nanni di Banco, Donatello, and Jacopo della Quercia. The six lateral windows, notable for their delicate tracery and ornaments, are separated by pilasters. Only the four windows, closest to the transept, admit light; The other two are merely ornamental. The clerestory windows are round, a common feature in Italian Gothic. The floor of the church was laid in marble in the 16th century. Carrara is a city in the Massa Carrara province of Tuscany, Italy, famous for the white or blue-gray marble quarried there. ...
Prato is a city in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. ...
Nanni dAntonio di Banco (c. ...
Statue of Donatello outside the Uffizi, Florence. ...
Jacopo della Quercia (c. ...
Full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ...
During its long history, this cathedral has been the seat of the Council of Florence (1439), heard the preachings of Girolamo Savonarola and witnessed the murder of Giuliano di Piero de' Medici on 26 April 1478 (with Lorenzo Il Magnifico barely escaping death). Girolamo Savonarola by Fra Bartolomeo, c. ...
Portrait by Sandro Botticelli. ...
April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ...
Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ...
Lorenzo de Medici Lorenzo di Piero de Medici (Florence, January 1, 1449 – 9 April 1492) was an Italian statesman and ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. ...
Dome The 42 meter (137 ft) wide space originally had a wooden dome, built by Arnolfo di Cambio. The building of a stone cupola over the chancel posed many technical problems. There existed already a brick model from 1367 for the dome (as related in the "Life of Brunelleschi" by Antonio Manetti, ca. 1480). Cupola of St Peters Basilica, Rome In architecture, a cupola consists of a dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome, often used as a lookout or to admit light and provide ventilation. ...
In 1419, the Arte della Lana held a competition to design a new dome (or cupola) for the cathedral. The two main competitors were Lorenzo Ghiberti (famous for his work on the "Gates of Paradise" doors at the Baptistery) and Filippo Brunelleschi with Brunelleschi winning and receiving the commission.[1] This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
Cupola of St Peters Basilica, Rome In architecture, a cupola consists of a dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome, often used as a lookout or to admit light and provide ventilation. ...
Lorenzo Ghiberti on Gates of Paradise, Baptisterio, Florence self portrait Lorenzo Ghiberti (Florence, 1378 - Florence, December 1, 1455) was an Italian artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking. ...
Sculpture of Brunelleschi looking at the dome in Florence Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was a Florentine architect and one of the first architects to be associated with the Italian Renaissance. ...
Though Brunelleschi drew his inspiration from the great dome of the Pantheon in Rome, the use of concrete had long since been forgotten. He would have to build the dome out of bricks. To show what his dome was to look like, he constructed a wooden and brick model with the help of Donatello and Nanni di Banco (on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo). Brunelleschi won by a nose. His model served as a guide for the craftsmen, but was intentionally incomplete, as to ensure his control over the construction. Facade of the Pantheon The Pantheon (Latin Pantheon[1], from Greek Πάνθεον Pantheon, meaning Temple of all the Gods) is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets in the state religion of Ancient Rome, but which has been a...
Brunelleschi's solutions were ingenious and unprecedented: the distinctive octagonal design of the double-walled dome, resting on a drum and not on the roof itself, allowed for the entire dome to be built without the need for scaffolding from the ground.[1] But, because the dome rested on a drum with no external butresses supporting it, there could be no lateral thrusts at the base of the dome. To ensure this, Brunelleschi used horizontal tension chains of wood and iron set at the base of the dome Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 578 KB) Summary View on the dome of Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore Own photo - photo made by Georges Jansoone on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 578 KB) Summary View on the dome of Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore Own photo - photo made by Georges Jansoone on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This...
This enormous construction weighs 37,000 tonne (40,785 US tons) and contains over 4 million bricks. He made several models and drawings of details during the construction. Brunelleschi had to invent special hoisting machines and lewissons for hoisting large stones. These specially designed machines and brilliant masonry techniques were Brunelleschi's spectacular contribution to architecture. The ability to transcribe a circle on a cone face within the innermost double-shelled wall makes the self-sustaining "horizontal" arch construction possible, since geometrically, a circular plan is needed for such an erection.
Ghiberti, appointed coadjutator, mocked these plans and called them unfeasible. Brunelleschi, deeply offended, then pretended a sickness and left for Rome, leaving the project in the hands of Ghiberti. But Ghiberti soon had to admit that the whole project was beyond him. In 1423 Brunelleschi was back in charge and took over sole responsibility.
Work started on the dome in 1420 and was completed in 1436. The cathedral was consecrated by Pope Eugene IV on March 25, 1436 (the first day of the year according to the Florentine calendar). It was the first 'octagonal' dome in history (The Roman Pantheon, a circular dome, was built in 118–128 C.E. with support structures) to be built without a wooden supporting frame and was the largest dome built at the time (it is still the largest masonry dome in the world). It had been one of the most impressive projects of the Renaissance. Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ...
March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ...
Events April - Paris is recaptured by the French End of the Hussite Wars in Bohemia. ...
Facade of the Pantheon The Pantheon (Latin Pantheon[1], from Greek Πάνθεον Pantheon, meaning Temple of all the Gods) is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets in the state religion of Ancient Rome, but which has been a...
Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ...
Brunelleschi's ability to crown the dome with a lantern was questioned and he had to undergo another competition. He was declared the winner over his competitors Lorenzo Ghiberti and Antonio Ciaccheri. His design was for an octagonal lantern with eight radiating buttresses and eight high arched windows (now on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo). Construction of the lantern was begun a few months before his death in 1446. Then, for 25 years, little progress was possible, due to alterations by several architects. The lantern was finally completed by Brunelleschi's friend Michelozzo in 1461. The conical roof was crowned with a gilt copper ball and cross, containing holy relics, by Verrocchio in 1469. He had used a hoisting machine specially designed by Leonardo da Vinci. A buttress (and mostly concealed, a flying buttress) supporting walls at the Palace of Westminster Four different types of buttress: diagonal, on the statues plinth; an ordinary buttress supporting a flying buttress, to the right of the statue; a small ordinary buttress to the right side of the picture...
Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1391 - 1472?) (sometimes called Michelozzo Michelozzi, although some sources say this is an error), Italian architect and sculptor, was a Florentine by birth, the son of a tailor, and in early life a pupil of Donatello. ...
Categories: Artist stubs | 1435 births | 1488 deaths | Italian painters | Italian sculptors ...
Leonardo da Vinci statue outside the Uffizi, Florence Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian polymath: scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, musician and writer. ...
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- This brings the total height of the dome and lantern to 114.5 metres (375 ft). This copper ball was struck by lightning on 17 July 1600 and fell down. It was replaced by an even larger one two years later.
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- Excerpt from Brunelleschi's Dome, by Ross King, p69: "The commission for this bronze ball [atop the lantern] went to the sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio, in whose workshop there was at this time a young apprentice named Leonardo da Vinci. Fascinated by Filippo's [Brunelleschi's] machines, which Verrocchio used to hoist the ball, Leonardo made a series of sketches of them and, as a result, is often given credit for their invention."
The decorations of the drum gallery by Baccio d'Agnolo were never finished after being disapproved by no one less than Michelangelo. July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ...
1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 – February 18, 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. ...
A huge statue of Brunelleschi now sits outside the Palazzo dei Canonici in the Piazza del Duomo, looking thoughtfully up towards his greatest achievement, the dome that would forever dominate the panorama of Florence. Only 150 years later would this dome be surpassed by Michelangelo's dome of Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City.
The building of the cathedral had started in 1296 with the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was completed in 1469 with the placing of Verrochio's copper ball atop the lantern. But the facade was still unfinished and would remain so for a long time.
Façade The original façade, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio and usually attributed to Giotto, was actually begun twenty years after Giotto's death. A mid-15th c. pen-and-ink drawing of this so-called Giotto's facade is visible in the Codex Rustici, and in the drawing of Bernardino Poccetti in 1587, both on display in the Museum of the Opera del Duomo. This façade was the collective work of several artists, among them Andrea Orcagna and Taddeo Gaddi. This original façade was only completed in its lower portion and then left unfinished. It was dismantled in 1587-1588 by the Medici court architect Bernardo Buontalenti, ordered by Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici, as it appeared totally outmoded in Renaissance times. Some of the original sculptures are on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo, behind the cathedral. Others are now in the Berlin Museum and in the Louvre. The competition for a new façade turned out into a huge corruption scandal. The wooden model for the façade of Buontalenti is on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo. A few new designs have been proposed in later years but the models (of Giovanni Antonio Dosio, Giovanni de' Medici with Alessandro Pieroni and Giambologna) were not accepted. The façade was then left bare until the 19th century. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 692 KB) Summary Facade of the Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore; Florence, Italy Own photo - photo taken by Georges Jansoone on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 692 KB) Summary Facade of the Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore; Florence, Italy Own photo - photo taken by Georges Jansoone on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This...
Bernardino Poccetti, also known as Barbatelli, (born Florence 26 August, 1548-died 10 October, 1612), was a Florentine Mannerist painter. ...
Andrea di Cione Arcangelo (c. ...
The Angelic Announcement to the Shepherds (1328-30) Fresco in Cappella Baroncelli Santa Croce, Florence Taddeo Gaddi (c. ...
Bernardo Buontalenti was an architect in the Italian Renaissance who designed the crypt of the Basilica di San Lorenzo for the Medici family. ...
Francesco I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 to 1587. ...
The Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre) in Paris, France, is the largest, oldest, most important and famous art gallery and museum in the world. ...
 Scene with angels on a bronze door In 1864, a competition was held to design a new façade and was won by Emilio De Fabris (1808-1883) in 1871. Work was begun in 1876 and completed in 1887. This neo-gothic façade in white, green and red marble forms a harmonious entity with the cathedral, Giotto's belltower and the Baptistery, but it is excessively decorated. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 620 KB) Summary Door of middle portal (detail) of the Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore; Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 620 KB) Summary Door of middle portal (detail) of the Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore; Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata...
The whole façade is dedicated to the Mother of Christ.
The three huge bronze doors date from 1899 to 1903. They are adorned with scenes from the life of the Madonna. The mosaics in the lunettes above the doors were designed by Niccolò Barabino. They represent (from left to right): Charity among the founders of Florentine philantropic institutions, Christ enthroned with Mary and John the Baptist, Florentine artisans, merchants and humanists paying homage to the Faith. The pediment above the central portal contains a half-relief by Tito Sarrocchi of Mary enthroned holding a flowered scepter In architecture, a lunette (diminutive of French lune, moon) is a half-moon shaped space, either masonry or void. ...
A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ...
On top of the façade is a series of niches with the twelve Apostles with, in the middle, the Madonna with Child. Between the rose window and the tympanum, there is a gallery with busts of great Florentine artists. The rose window in Bristol Cathedral, Bristol, England, at the western end of the nave. ...
A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ...
Interior
 Detail of Last Judgement by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari. The cathedral is built as a basilica, with a nave and two aisles, forming a Roman cross. The nave and the aisles are divided by wide pointed arches with composite pilasters, dividing the nave into four square bays. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3519x2345, 5803 KB) Detail of the Last Judgement inside the Santa Maria Del Fiore, Florence, Italy. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3519x2345, 5803 KB) Detail of the Last Judgement inside the Santa Maria Del Fiore, Florence, Italy. ...
St. ...
Its dimensions are enormous: length 153 metres (502 ft), width 38 metres (124 ft), width at the crossing 90 metres (295 ft). The height of the arches in the aisles is 23 metres (75 ft). The height from pavement to the opening of the lantern in the dome is also 90 metres (295 ft). Cathedral floor plan (crossing is shaded) A crossing, in ecclesiastical architecture, refers to the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church. ...
 Dante and the Divine Comedy The Gothic interior is cavernous and gives an empty impression. The relative bareness of the church corresponds with the austerity of religious life, as preached by Girolamo Savonarola. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1018x825, 602 KB) Summary Dante and the Divine Comedy, by Domenico di Michelino Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This file contains additional information...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1018x825, 602 KB) Summary Dante and the Divine Comedy, by Domenico di Michelino Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This file contains additional information...
See also Gothic art. ...
Many decorations in the church have been lost in the course of time, or have been transferred to the Museum Opera del Duomo, such as the magnificent cantorial pulpits (the singing galleries for the choristers) of Luca della Robbia and Donatello. A cantor is a musician working in a church with responsibilities for the singing in the church. ...
Luca della Robbia (1400-1482) was a Florentine sculptor noted for his terracotta roundels. ...
As this cathedral was built with funds from the public, some important works of art in this church honour illustrious men and military leaders of Florence :
- Dante and the Divine Comedy by Domenico di Michelino (1465). This painting is especially interesting because it shows us, apart from scenes of the Divine Comedy, a view on Florence in 1465, a Florence such as Dante himself couldn't have seen in his time.
- Equestrian statue of John Hawkwood by Paolo Uccello (1436). This almost monochrome fresco, transferred on canvas in the 19th c., is painted in terra verde, a color closest to the patina of bronze.
 Equestrian statue of Niccolò da Tolentino - Equestrian statue of Niccolò da Tolentino by Andrea del Castagno (1456). This fresco, transferred on canvas in the 19th c., in the same style as the previous one, is painted in a color resembling marble. However it is more richly decorated and gives more the impression of movement.
Both frescoes portray the condottieri as heroic figures riding triumphantly. Both painters had problems when applying in painting the new rules of perspective to foreshortening : they used two unifying points, one for the horse and one for the pedestal, instead a single unifying point. Dante redirects here. ...
Dante shown holding a copy of The Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the seven terraces of Mount Purgatory and the city of Florence, in Michelinos fresco. ...
Michelinos fresco Dante and his Work in the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore. ...
Sir John Hawkwood (1320-1394) was an English mercenary or condottiere in the 14th century Italy. ...
Paolo Uccello. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (834x1224, 559 KB) Summary Fresco (transfered on canvas) of Niccolo da Tolentino by Andrea del Castagno; Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (834x1224, 559 KB) Summary Fresco (transfered on canvas) of Niccolo da Tolentino by Andrea del Castagno; Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file...
Our Lady of the Assumption with Sts Miniato and Julian (1450) Panel, 150 x 158 cm Staatliche Museen, Berlin Andrea del Castagno (c. ...
- Busts of Giotto (by Benedetto da Maiano), Brunelleschi (by Buggiano - 1447), Marsilio Ficino, and Antonio Squarcialupi (a most famous organist). These busts all date from the 15th and the 16th century.
Above the main door is the colossal clock face with fresco portraits of four Prophets or Evangelists by Paolo Uccello (1443). This one-handed liturgical clock shows the 24 hours of the hora italica (Italian time), a period of time ending with sunset at 24 hours. This timetable was used till the 18th century. This is one of the few clocks from that time that still exist and are in working order. Domenico Ghirlandaio. ...
Antonio Squarcialupi (March 27, 1416 – July 6, 1480) was an Italian organist and composer. ...
The church is particularly notable for its 44 stained glass windows, the largest undertaking of this kind in Italy in the 14th and 15th century. The windows in the aisles and in the transept depict saints from the Old and the New Testament, while the circular windows in the drum of the dome or above the entrance depict Christ and Mary. They are the work of the greatest Florentine artists of their times, such as Donatello, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Paolo Uccello and Andrea del Castagno. Strictly speaking, stained glass is glass that has been painted with silver stain and then fired. ...
"Christ crowning Mary as Queen", the stained-glass circular window above the clock, with a rich range of coloring, was designed by Gaddo Gaddi in the early 1300s.
Donatello designed the stained-glass window (Coronation of the Virgin) in the drum of the dome (the only one that can be seen from the nave).
 Tomb of Antonio d'Orso by Tino da Camaino The beautiful funeral monument of Antonio d'Orso (1323), bishop of Florence, was made by Tino da Camaino, the most important funeral sculptor of his time. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 557 KB) Summary Tomb of Antonio dOrso, bishop of Florence, by Tino da Camaino (1323); Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 557 KB) Summary Tomb of Antonio dOrso, bishop of Florence, by Tino da Camaino (1323); Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 13 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this...
The monumental crucifix, behind the Bishop's Chair at the high altar, is by Benedetto da Maiano (1495-1497). The choir enclosure is the work of the famous Bartolommeo Bandinelli. The ten-paneled bronze doors of the sacristy were made by Luca della Robbia, who has also two glazed terracotta works inside the sacristy: Angel with Candlestick and Resurrection of Christ. Benedetto da Maiano (* Florence 1442 - †Florence 1497) was an early Italian Renaissance sculptor. ...
Bartolommeo (or Baccio) Bandinelli, actually Bartolommeo Brandini (October 17, 1488 - February 7, 1560), was a prominent Renaissance Florentine sculptor and painter. ...
Terra cotta is a hard semifired waterproof ceramic clay used in pottery and building construction. ...
In the back of the middle of the three apses is the altar of Saint Zanobius, first bishop of Florence. Its silver shrine, a masterpiece of Ghiberti, contains the urn with his relics. The central compartment shows us one his miracles, the reviving of a dead child. Above this shrine is the painting Last Supper by the lesser-known Giovanni Balducci. There was also a glass-paste mosaic panel The Bust of Saint Zanobius by the 16th c. miniaturist Monte di Giovanni, but it is now on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo. Saint Zenobius ( San Zenobio or San Zanobi) (337 – 417) is venerated as the first bishop of Florence. ...
Giovanni Balducci, called Il Cosci, (ca. ...
Many decorations date from the 16th century, under patronage from the Grand Dukes, such as the pavement in colored marble, attributed to Baccio d'Agnolo and Francesco da Sangallo (1520-26). Some pieces of marble from the facade were used, topside down, in the flooring (as was shown by the restoration of the floor after the 1966 flooding).
The last Judgment under the dome At first, it was suggested that the interior of the 45 metre (147 ft) wide dome should be covered with a mosaic decoration to make the most of the available light coming through the circular windows of the drum and through the lantern. Brunelleschi has proposed the vault to glimmer with resplendent gold, but his death in 1446 put an end to this project, and the walls of the dome were whitewashed. Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici decided to have the dome painted with a representation of The Last Judgment. This enormous work, 3,600 metres² (38 750 ft²) of painted surface, was started in 1568 by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari and would last till 1579. The upper portion, near the lantern, representing The 24 Elders of Apoc. 4 was finished by Vasari before his death in 1574. Federico Zuccari and a number of collaborators, such as Domenico Cresti, finished the other portions : (from top to bottom) Choirs of Angels; Christ, Mary and Saints; Virtues, Gifts of the Holy Spirit and Beatitudes; and at the bottom of the cuppola: Capital Sins and Hell. These frescoes are considered Zuccari's greatest work. But the quality of the work is uneven because of the input of different artists and the different techniques. Vasari had used true fresco, while Zuccari had painted in secco. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2856x2142, 2973 KB) Image from the inside of the Duomo of Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence) taken by D. Gayo on August 2005. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2856x2142, 2973 KB) Image from the inside of the Duomo of Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence) taken by D. Gayo on August 2005. ...
Cosimo I de Medici in Armour by Agnolo Bronzino Cosimo I de Medici (June 12, 1519 – April 21, 1574) was the first Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1537 to 1574, during the waning days of the Renaissance. ...
Giorgio Vasaris selfportrait Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ...
Federigo Zuccaro, Self-portrait, after 1588 Federigo Zuccaro or Federico Zuccari (c. ...
Galileo portrait by Passignano Domenico Passignano (born Cresti or Crespi) (Florence 1559 - 1636) was an Italian painter of a late-Renaissance or Contra-Maniera style that emerged in FLorence towards the end of the 16th century. ...
Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ...
the technique of painting in watercolors on dry plaster. ...
Crypt
 Tomb of Filippo Brunelleschi The cathedral underwent difficult excavations between 1965 and 1974. The subterranean vaults were used for the burial of Florentine bishops throughout the centuries. Recently the archeological history of this huge area was reconstructed remains of Roman houses, an early Christian pavement, ruins of the former cathedral of Santa Reparata and successive enlargements of this church. Close to the entrance, in the part of the crypt open to the public, is the tomb of Brunelleschi. That the artist was permitted such a prestigous burial place is proof of the high esteem he was given by the Florentines. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 368 KB) Summary Tomb of Flippo brunelleschi underneath the Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore; Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 368 KB) Summary Tomb of Flippo brunelleschi underneath the Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore; Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Santa Maria del Fiore Metadata This...
Artists Artists who have produced work for the cathedral include:
References - ^ a b Zucconi, Guido (1995). Florence: An Architectural Guide. San Giovanni Lupatoto, Vr, Italy: Arsenale Editrice srl. ISBN 88-7743-147-4.
- Tim Jepson: The National Geographic Traveler, Florence & Tuscany, National Geographic Society, 2001. ISBN 90-215-9720-9.
- Rolf C. Wirtz: Kunst & Architektur, Florenz, Köneman, 2005. ISBN 3-8331-1576-9.
- Carlo Montrésor: The Opera del Duomo, Museum in Florence, Mandragora, 2000.
- Henry A. Millon (ed.): Italian Renaissance Architecture: from Brunelleschi to Michelangelo, Thames and Hudson, London, 1994. ISBN 0-500-27921-7.
Flag of the National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society, is a not-for-profit scientific organization based in the United States. ...
Species Mandragora autumnalis Mandragora officinarum Mandragora turcomanica Mandragora caulescens Mandrake is the common name for members of the plant genus Mandragora belonging to the nightshades family (Solanaceae). ...
Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity) are a publisher, especially of art and illustrated books, founded in 1949 by Walter and Eva Neurath. ...
External links - Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 43.773232° 11.255992°
July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ...
2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (362nd in leap years). ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ...
2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ...
2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (700x921, 196 KB) Summary it: Stemma del Comune di Firenze (Provincia di Firenze). ...
Florences skyline Florences skyline at night from Piazza Michaelangelo Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ...
Originally, a landmark literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area. ...
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