Catherine of Austria (September 15, 1533 - February 28, 1572) was one of the 15 children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. On October 22, she married Francis III Gonzaga, prince of Mantua. He died 4 months after marriage. On June 23, 1553 she became the third wife of King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland and Lithuania, who was her paternal first cousin. She had no children. Image File history File links KatarzynaHabs. ... Image File history File links KatarzynaHabs. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... Events January 25 - King Henry VIII of England marries Anne Boleyn, his second Queen consort. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Ferdinand I Habsburg Ferdinand I (10 March 1503–25 July 1564), Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564), was born in Madrid, the son of Juana the Mad, Queen of Castile (1479–1555), and Philip I the Handsome, King of Castile (1478–1506), who was heir to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I... Anna Jagellonica of Bohemia and Hungary (July 23, 1503 - January 27, 1547) was queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Queen-consort of the Romans and heiress of Bohemia and Hungary. ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Sigismund II Augustus (Polish: , Lithuanian: ; 1 August 1520 — 7 July 1572) was the only son of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. ...
Catherine II (Catherine the Great) (April 21, 1729—November 6, 1796 (O.S.)), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka of Anhalt-Zerbst, reigned as Empress of Russia from June 28, 1762 until her death.
Catherine took a leading role in the partitions of Poland in the 1790s, afraid that the May Constitution of Poland might bring a renaissance of the Commonwealth power and the growing democratic movements inside the Commonwealth might become a threat to the European monarchies.
Catherine subscribed to the Enlightenment and considered herself a "philosopher on the throne." She was well aware of her image abroad, and ever desired to be perceived by Europe as a civilized and enlightened monarch, despite the fact that in Russia she often played the part of the tyrant.
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