The Catholic Church in Great Britain is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, sometimes known as the Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual government and teaching of the Pope and Catholic Bishops throughout the world. people looked at him in his eyes wondering about hiz love and passion for him until he got stabbed.h.iu.l.ti7 The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian denomination, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 5 million baptised Catholics in Great Britain. A majority of British Catholics are descended from various waves of Irish immigrants to Britain in the nineteenth century as well as more recent Irish immigration during the 20th century, especially the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s. There are also immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe and most recently from Asia, and Africa. Another large part of the Catholic population, probably second only to those of Irish origins, are of directly English descent. Many of these are converts or the descendants of converts from Anglicanism or other Protestant denominations, or were not previously Christians and they or their family have become Catholics since the nineteenth century. Only a small number of English Catholics descend from English families that have always been Catholic, including during the period of persecution between the Protestant Reformation and the nineteenth century. These Catholics were known as recusants, and include a few noble families who retained the Catholic faith down the centuries. The Catholic Church also has a significant presence in Scotland, with its own history, traditions and bishops. The Roman Catholic Church believes its founding was based on Jesus appointment of Saint Peter as the primary church leader, later Bishop of Rome. ... The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the successor of St. ... In English recusancy was noncompliance with the establishment of the Church of England. ... Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ...

History of Catholicism in Britain

Early Years - Roman Province / Papal Mission

Christianity arrived in Britain when it was a Roman province in the first or second centuries. By the final years of Roman rule it was the dominant religion, but after the Romans left Britain and the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded, it survived only in small scattered communities, especially in the Celtic outskirts. Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine in the 5th Century from Rome to evangelise the Anglo-Saxons, a process completed by the 7th century. This is of particular interest in the Catholic Church as it was the first Papal Mission to found a church. Scotland was being evangelised by the Celtic Church of St Columba. The small differences in custom between Roman Christianity and the Celtic Christian communities, e.g. different dates for the observation of Easter, which had developed during the latter's isolation from Rome after the Anglo-Saxon invasion, were ended by the Council of Whitby, which decided in favour of the Roman practices. Angles (German: Angeln, Old English: Englas, Latin: singular Anglus, plural Anglii) were Germanic people, from Angeln in Schleswig, who settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria in the 5th century. ... This article is about the Saxons, a Germanic people. ... The Jutes were a Germanic people who are believed to have originated from Jutland in modern Denmark and part of the Frisian coast. ... The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the successor of St. ... Saint Gregory I, or Gregory the Great (called the Dialogist in Eastern Orthodoxy) (circa 540 - March 12, 604) was pope of the Catholic Church from September 3, 590 until his death. ... Augustine of Canterbury (birth unknown, died May 26, 604) was the first Archbishop of Canterbury, sent to Ethelbert of Kent, Bretwalda of England by Pope Gregory the Great in 597. ... Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... Celtic Christianity is Christianity as it was first received and practiced by communities with Celtic backgrounds that observed certain practices divergent from those in the rest of Europe. ... Saint Columba sometimes known as (7 December 521 - 9 June 597), the Latinized version of the Irish name Colmcille (Old Irish Columb Cille) meaning Dove of the church, was the outstanding figure among the Irish missionary monks who reintroduced Christianity to Scotland and the north of England during the Dark... The Synod of Whitby was an important alleged synod which led to the unification of the church in England. ...

The Reformation and schism from Rome

England remained a Catholic country for a thousand years, but was officially separated from Rome in 1534 during the reign of King Henry VIII. In response to the Pope's refusal to declare null Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Parliament denied the Pope's authority over the English Church, made the king Head of the Church in England, and dissolved the monasteries and religious orders in England. There was persecution of those who refused to accept this, including the execution of St Thomas More, former Lord Chancellor, and St John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, among others. The "Pilgrimage of Grace", a rising in the North against the religious changes, was bloodily repressed. The reign of the boy King Edward VI saw a more radical form of Protestantism implemented, with the Mass replaced by the Book of Common Prayer, representational art and statues in church buildings destroyed, and Catholic practices which had survived during Henry's reign, such as the public saying of prayers to the Virgin Mary such as the Salve Regina, ended. England briefly resubmitted to Rome during the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I from 1555 to 1559. Like all Henry VIII's children, Mary had had a traumatic childhood. She was genuinely pious and felt she had a mission to bring back England to the Catholic faith. This was not an impossible prospect since the greater part of the populace were still attached to Catholic beliefs. In this enterprise she also had the assistance of a considerable number of spiritually impressive men. However, her allotted time was to be short and her strategic choices were at times ill-conceived. One fact for which she has for ever been reproached is the persecution that was unleashed in her reign on Protestants, with burnings at the stake. With the assistance of the propaganda of later governments, this episode ensured her a place in popular memory as Bloody Mary. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... Portrait of Sir Thomas More, by Hans Holbein the Younger (1527). ... John Fishers portrait For John Arbuthnot Fisher, British admiral, see Jackie Fisher. ... The Bishop of Rochester is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester in the Province of Canterbury. ... The Pilgrimage of Grace was a rising by Roman Catholics in Northern England in 1536, in protest at Englands break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances. ... Edward Tudor redirects here; for another (though unlikely) Edward Tudor, see a putative younger son of Henry VII of England, who, if existed, would be the uncle of this Edward Edward VI (12 October 1537–6 July 1553) was King of England and King of Ireland from 28 January 1547... Mass is a property of a physical object that quantifies the amount of matter it contains. ... A Modern Prayer Book The Book of Common Prayer is the prayer book of the Church of England and also the name for similar books used in other churches in the Anglican Communion. ... The Salve Regina or Hail Holy Queen is a Christian hymn and prayer to the Virgin Mary. ... Mary Tudor is the name of both Mary I of England and her fathers sister, Mary Tudor (queen consort of France). ...

Elizabethan Period

When Mary died and Elizabeth I became Queen in 1558, the religious situation in England was confused. Throughout the see-sawing religious landscape of the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Mary, a significant proportion of the population (especially in the rural and outlying areas of the country), perhaps even a large majority, continued to hold Catholic views (at least in private). By the end of Elizabeth's reign, however, England was clearly a Protestant country, and Catholics were definitely a minority. Elizabeth's first act was to reverse her sister's reestablishment of Catholicism, but during the first years of her reign there was relative leniency towards Catholics who were willing to keep their religion private, going through the public pantomime of attending religious services they believed to be heretical. However, England's wars with Catholic powers such as France and Spain, culminating in the attempted invasion by the Spanish Armada in 1588, and Pope Pius V's declaration in 1570 that Elizabeth was not a rightful queen and should be deposed, unleashed a nationalistic feeling which bolstered Protestantism and made every Catholic a suspected traitor. This inspired much worse persecution of Catholics; every Catholic was liable to be put to death for treason. This applied especially to priests, who now began to be trained abroad at the English College at Douai. Given that Douai was located in the Spanish Netherlands, part of the dominions of Elizabethan England's greatest enemy, it was not hard for the government to brand them as traitors. Significant numbers of English Catholic martyrs died at this time, including St Edmund Campion. It was this combination of nationalistic rousing of public opinion, ruthless persecution, and the rise of a new generation which could not remember pre-Reformation times and had no pre-established loyalty to Catholicism, that decimated the number of Catholics in England during this period. The tarring of Catholics as traitors, and harsh persecution, continued during the reign of James I, especially after the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot conspiracy of a small group of Catholic conspirators, who aimed to blow up both King and Parliament. Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. ... Bold textHe was born as Antonio Ghislieri at Bosco in the duchy of Milan. ... Douai is a city and commune in the north of France in the département of Nord, of which it is a sous-préfecture. ... This article or section should be merged with Seventeen Provinces The Spanish Netherlands was a portion of the Low Countries controlled by Spain from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. ... Saint Edmund Campion (1540-1581), Catholic priest, Jesuit and martyr. ... James VI of Scotland and James I of England and Ireland (occasionally known as King James the Vain) (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland. ... A contemporary sketch of the conspirators The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a desperate but failed attempt by a group of provincial English Catholic extremists to kill King James I of England, his family, and most of the Protestant aristocracy in one attack by blowing up the Houses of Parliament...

Charles I - Catholic Revival / Civil War

The reign of Charles I saw a small revival of Catholicism in England, especially among the upper classes. The rise of Puritanism and Calvinism within Protestantism, especially among the bourgeoisie and with anti-monarchical, anti-aristocratic leanings, pushed the King and many others to a consciously 'High Church' Anglicanism which was less anti-Catholic. Charles refused in most cases to enforce anti-Catholic laws, allowing a significant increase in the number of Catholic clergy. The Counter-Reformation on the Continent of Europe had created a more vigorous and magnificent form of Catholicism that attracted some converts, like the poet Richard Crashaw. Finally, the King's marriage to a French Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria, helped create a court with continental influences, where Catholicism was tolerated, even somewhat fashionable. The religious tensions between a Puritan Parliament and a court with 'Papist' elements was one of the major factors behind the English Civil War, in which almost all Catholics supported the King. The victory of the Parliamentarians meant a strongly Protestant, anti-Catholic regime under Oliver Cromwell. Richard Crashaw (c. ... Queen Henrietta Maria, painted by Peter Lely, 1660. ... The term English Civil War (or Wars) refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between English Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651. ... Unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, 1657. ...

Charles II - Restoration

The restoration of the monarchy under Charles II also saw the restoration of a Catholic-influenced court like his father's. However, although Charles himself had Catholic leanings, he was first and foremost a pragmatist and realised the vast majority of public opnion in England was strongly anti-Catholic, so he agreed to laws such as the Test Act requiring any appointee to any public office or member of Parliament to deny Catholic beliefs such as transubstantiation. As far as possible, however, he maintained tacit tolerance. Like his father, he married a Catholic, Catherine of Braganza. (He would convert to Catholicism himself on his deathbed). Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (retrospectively de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... Transubstantiation is the belief held by the Roman Catholic Church that the Eucharistic elements of bread and wine are changed into the body and blood of Jesus during Consecration. ...

James II - Act of Settlement

Charles' brother and heir James, Duke of York (later James II) converted to Catholicism in 1668-1669. When Titus Oates in 1678 alleged a (totally imaginary) 'Popish plot' to assassinate Charles and put James in his place, he unleashed a wave of Parliamentary and public hysteria which led to anti-Catholic purges, and another wave of matrydoms, which Charles was unable or unwilling to prevent. Throughout the early 1680s the Whig element in Parliament attempted to remove James as successor to the throne. Their failure saw James become, as James II in 1685, Britain's first openly Catholic monarch since Mary I (and last to date). He promised religious toleration for Catholic and Protestants on an equal footing, but it is in doubt whether he did this to gain support from Dissenters or whether he was truly committed to tolerance. For a brief moment a happy future seemed to beckon for Catholics in England, encouraging converts like the great poet of the age, John Dryden. But Protestant fears mounted as James established a standing army with Catholics in the major commands, dismissed the Protestant Bishop of London and dismissed the Protestant Fellows of Magdalen College and replaced them with a wholly Catholic board. The last straw was the birth of a Catholic heir in 1688, seeming to portend an eternal Catholic dynasty. The Glorious Revolution deposed James and established his Protestant daughter and son-in-law, Mary II and William III, on the throne. The King fled into exile, and with him a large proportion of the Catholic nobility and gentry. The Act of Settlement 1701, which remains in operation today, excludes any Catholic or anyone who marries a Catholic from the throne. James II of England and VII of Scotland ( 14 October 1633–16 September 1701 ) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... Titus Oates. ... While the Whigs (along with the Tories) are often described as one of the two political parties in late 17th to mid 19th century Great Britain, it is more accurate to describe them as loose political groupings or tendencies. ... Mary Tudor is the name of both Mary I of England and her fathers sister, Mary Tudor (queen consort of France). ... The term dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, to disagree), labels one who dissents or disagrees in matters of opinion, belief, etc. ... John Dryden John Dryden (August 19, 1631 – May 12, 1700) was an influential English poet, literary critic, and playwright. ... The term Glorious Revolution refers to the generally popular overthrow of James II of England in 1688 by a conspiracy between some parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689 until her death, and as Queen of Scotland (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... -1... The Electress Sophia The Act of Settlement (12 & 13 Wm 3 c. ...

Decline of Catholicism 1688-1800s

The years from 1688 to the early nineteenth century were in some respects the nadir for Catholicism in England. Although the persecution was not violent as in the past, Catholic numbers, influence and visibility in English society reached their lowest ebb. Their civil rights were severely curtailed: their right to own property or inherit land was greatly limited, they were burdened with special taxes, they could not send their children abroad for Catholic education, they could not vote, and priests were liable to imprisonment. There was no longer, as once in Stuart times, any Catholic presence at court, in public life, in the military or professions. Many of the Catholic nobles and gentry who had preserved on their lands among their tenants small pockets of Catholicism had followed James into exile, and others at last conformed to Anglicanism, meaning that only very few such Catholic communities survived. Most Catholics retreated to complete isolation from a completely Protestant mainstream, and Catholicism in England in this period is almost invisible to history, Alexander Pope being the one memorable English Catholic of the 18th century. Later in the century there was some liberalisation of the anti-Catholic laws on the basis of Enlightenment ideals. In 1778 a 'Catholic Relief Act' allowed Catholics to own property, inherit land and join the army. Hardline Protestant mobs reacted in the Gordon Riots in 1780, attacking any building in London which was associated with Catholicism or owned by Catholics. Other reforms allowed the clergy to operate more openly and thus allowed permanent missions to be set up in the larger towns, but Catholics remained a tiny, very marginalised group. Alexander Pope, an English poet best known for his Essay on Criticism and Rape of the Lock Pope, circa 1727. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The Gordon Riots is a term used to refer to a number of events in a predominantly Protestant religious uprising in London aimed against the Roman Catholic Relief Act, 1778, relieving his Majestys subjects, of the Catholic Religion, from certain penalties and disabilities imposed upon them during the reign... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Catholic Revival - Catholic Emancipation

After this moribund period, the first signs of a revival occurred as thousands of French Catholics fled France during the French Revolution. The leaders of the Revolution were virulently anti-Catholic, even singling out priests and nuns for summary execution or massacre, and England was seen as a safe haven from Jacobin violence. In 1829 came the culmination of the liberalisation of the anti-Catholic laws. Parliament passed the Catholic Emancipation Act, giving Catholics almost equal civil rights, including the right to vote and to hold most public offices. The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period in the history of France. ... In the context of the French Revolution, a Jacobin originally meant a member of the Jacobin Club (1789-1794). ... Catholic Emancipation was a process in Great Britain and Ireland in the late 18th century and early 19th century which involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics which had been introduced by the Act of Uniformity and the Test Acts. ...

Potato Famine - Catholic Immigration - Oxford Movement

In the 1840s and 1850s, especially during the Irish potato famine, while the bulk of the large outflow of emigration from Ireland was headed to the United States, thousands of poor Irish people also moved to the much closer Britain and established communities in Britain's cities, including London, Liverpool, and Glasgow, but also in towns and villages up and down the country, thus giving Catholicism a huge numerical boost. Also significant was the rise in the 1830s and 1840s of the Oxford Movement, which sought to revive some elements of Catholic theology and ritual within the Church of England (creating so-called Anglo-Catholicism). Many of the Anglicans who were involved in the Oxford Movement or "Tractarianism" were ultimately led beyond these positions and converted to the Catholic Church, including, in 1845, the movement's principal intellectual leader, John Henry Newman. A steady stream of converts would continue to be enter the Catholic Church from the different varieties of Protestantism, often via high Anglicanism, for at least the next hundred years, and something of this continues. Among a large number of converts from Anglicanism were some who brought British Catholicism a certain amount of public prestige. Prominent British intellectual and artistic figures who converted to Catholicism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries included the leading architect of the Gothic Revival, Augustus Pugin, and literary figures such as Newman, Gerard Manley Hopkins, G. K. Chesterton, Ronald Knox, Evelyn Waugh, Graham Greene, and Muriel Spark. Cradle Catholic writers included Hilaire Belloc and J.R.R. Tolkein. Starvation during the famine The Irish Potato Famine, also called The Great Famine or The Great Hunger (Irish: An Gorta Mór), is the name given to a famine which struck Ireland between 1846 and 1849. ... For other uses, see London (disambiguation). ... Liverpool waterfront by night, as seen from the Wirral. ... Glasgow (or Glaschu in Gaelic) is Scotlands largest city and unitary council, situated on the River Clyde in the countrys west central lowlands. ... For the 20th century Oxford Movement or Group see Moral Rearmament The Oxford Movement was a loose affiliation of High Church Anglicans who sought to demonstrate that the Church of England was a direct descendant of the Christian church established by the Apostles. ... The terms Anglo-Catholic and Anglo-Catholicism describe people, groups, ideas, customs and practices within Anglicanism that emphasise continuity with Catholic tradition. ... J H Newman age 23 when he preached his first Sermon John Henry Newman (February 21, 1801 – August 11, 1890) was an English convert to Catholicism, later made a cardinal. ... Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin The Gothic revival was a European architectural movement with origins in mid-18th century England. ... Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (March 1, 1812 - September 14, 1852) was an English-born architect, designer and theorist of design now best remembered for his work on churches and on the Houses of Parliament. ... Gerard Manley Hopkins (July 28, 1844 - June 8, 1889) was a British Victorian poet and Jesuit priest. ... G.K. Chesterton Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was a prolific English writer of the early 20th century. ... Ronald Arbuthnott Knox (1888-1957) was an English theologian and crime writer. ... Evelyn Waugh, as photographed in 1940 by Carl Van Vechten Arthur Evelyn St. ... Graham Greene Henry Graham Greene, OM (October 2, 1904 – April 3, 1991) was a prolific English novelist, playwright, short story writer and critic whose works explore the ambiguities of modern man and ambivalent moral or political issues in a contemporary setting. ... Dame Muriel Spark (born February 1, 1918) is a leading British novelist. ... Photograph of Belloc Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (July 27, 1870 - July 16, 1953) was one of the most prolific writers in England during the early twentieth century. ... J. R. R. Tolkien in 1916. ...

The Second Spring - Re-establishment of Catholic Hierarchy

There is no doubt that at various points after the 16th century real hopes have been entertained by many English Catholics that the 'reconversion of England' was near at hand. To some the sign of this being imminent was the steady trickle of establishment converts from the second quarter of the 19th century on. More important was the arrival of masses of poor Irish Catholics in Britain. Together these trends were seen by some as constituting a "second spring" of Catholicism in Britain. Rome responded by re-establishing the Catholic hierarchy in 1850, creating Catholic dioceses in England and appointing English Catholic bishops with fixed sees on the traditional pattern for the first time since the imposition of Protestantism. The re-established hierarchy specifically avoided using places that were seats of Church of England dioceses as seats, in effect abandoning the titles of Catholic dioceses before Elizabeth I. In the few cases where a Catholic diocese bears the same title as an Anglican one in the same town or city (e.g. Birmingham, Liverpool, Portsmouth, and Southwark) — this is the result of the Church of England ignoring the prior existence there of a Catholic see. (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...

English Catholicism 20th Century

English Catholicism retained its renewed strength throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Numbers attending Mass remained very high, in stark contrast with the Anglican and other Protestant churches, and conversions and vocations to the priesthood and religious life were (as mentioned above) also plentiful. This has changed since the 1960s, due to similar influences as have affected the Church elsewhere: the increased pressures of secularisation and sexual libertarianism. As in other English-speaking countries such as the United States of America and Australia, the movement of Irish Catholics out of the working-class into the middle-class suburban mainstream often meant their assimilation with broader, secular English society and loss of a separate Catholic identity. The Second Vatican Council has been followed, as in other Western countries, by divisions between traditional Catholicism and a more liberal form of Catholicism claiming inspiration from the Council. This caused difficulties for not a few pre-conciliar converts, though others have still joined the Church in recent decades (for instance, Malcolm Muggeridge and Joseph Pearce), and public figures such as the Prime Minister's wife, Cherie Blair have no difficulty making their Catholicism known in public life, any more than the Prime Minister himself, Tony Blair, has felt the need to hide his Catholic sympathies. Malcolm Muggeridge (March 24, 1903–November 14, 1990) was a British journalist, author,media personality, soldier spy and Christian apologist. ... Joseph Pearce (born c. ... Cherie Booth QC in full queens counsel ceremonial garments. ... Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. ...

Ecumenism after the Second Vatican Council

Since the Council the Church in England has tended to focus on ecumenical dialogue with the Anglican Church rather than simply winning converts from it as in the past. However, this somewhat cosy world has been disrupted from the Anglican side as the 1990s have seen significant numbers of conversions from Anglicanism to the Catholic Church, largely prompted by the Church of England's decision to ordain women as priests (among other moves away from traditional doctrines and structures). The resultant converts included members of the Royal Family (the Duchess of Kent and her son Lord Nicholas Windsor), the Anglican Bishop of London (Graham Leonard), a large number of Anglican priests and even whole congregations. It is likely that a current of thought that has emerged in regions where the Catholic Church is more buoyant will eventually come to the fore in Britain. According to this view, effective dialogue needs crispness of definition of each of the partners. It would seem that the recent election of Pope Benedict XVI will be a strong influence in this direction. Catholic Church leaders in England for a generation have perhaps tended to be self-consciously engaged in identifying with an English ethos that in reality was already of the past. Perhaps a new generation will be more attached to substance. The Duchess of Kent is the woman who is married to the Duke of Kent, as the actual peerage is a male position. ... The Lord Nicholas Windsor is a member of the British Royal Family. ... Graham Douglas Leonard, British cleric. ...

Catholicism in Scotland

Catholicism in Scotland has had an often-turbulent history. Following the Reformation in 1560, Catholicism was outlawed. St John Ogilvie (1569-1615) was raised a Calvinist, converted to Catholicism in 1596, was ordained a priest in 1610 and was hanged for proselytism in Glasgow. John Ogilvie was a Scottish lexicographer who edited the Imperial Dictionary. ...

From the mid 19th century onwards, the Catholic population in Scotland (especially in the west) started to increase largely due to immigration from Ireland. Much of Catholic population of the Glasgow area can trace its roots back to County Donegal. The Catholic hierarchy in Scotland was restored in the mid 19th century. The other smaller, but significant, Catholic community in Scotland can be found in some isolated parts of the West Highlands and the islands of South Uist and Barra – where the Protestant Reformation effectively did not reach. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... County Donegal (Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall) is a county in the northwest of Ireland. ... Looking west to Nicolsons Leap. ... Castlebay, Barra This article is about the island of Barra in Scotland. ...

This era also saw the emergence sectarian tensions. In 1923 the Church of Scotland produced a highly-controversial (and since repudiated) report entitled "The Menace of the Irish Race to our Scottish Nationality". It accused the Catholic population of subverting Presbyterian values and of causing drunkenness, crime and financial imprudence. Such official attitudes started to wane considerably from the 1930s/40s onwards. In 1986 the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland expressly repudiated the sections of the Westminster Confession offensive to Catholicism. In 1990, both the Church of Scotland and the Catholic Church were founder members of the ecumenical bodies "Churches Together in Britain and Ireland" and "Action of Churches Together in Scotland"; relations between church leaders are now very cordial. 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Church of Scotland (C of S, also known informally as The Kirk; until the 17th century officially the Kirk of Scotland) is the Christian national church of Scotland. ... The Church of Scotland (C of S, also known informally as The Kirk; until the 17th century officially the Kirk of Scotland) is the Christian national church of Scotland. ... The Westminster Confession of Faith is the chief doctrinal product of the Protestant Westminster Assembly. ... Action of Churches Together in Scotland (ACTS) is an ecumenical grouping of churches and associated organisations founded in 1990. ...

Unlike the relationship between the churches, some communal tensions still remain. The association between football and displays of sectarian behaviour by some fans has been a source of embarrassment and concern to the management of certain clubs. Sectarian tensions can still be very real, though perhaps diminished compared with past decades. Perhaps the greatest psychological breakthrough was when Rangers FC signed Mo Johnston in 1989. Sectarianism on both sides is often manifested in activities such as boorish chanting at football matches or post-match thuggery, quite contrary to Christian values of peace common to Catholicism and Protestantism alike. The Scottish Parliament has recently legislated against sectarianism, making sectarian-related offences a form of aggravated offence. Rangers Football Club is among the worlds most successful football clubs. ... Sectarianism refers (usually pejoratively) to a rigid adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination. ... As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ... Protestantism is a movement within Christianity, representing a splitting away from the Roman Catholic Church during the mid-to-late Renaissance in Europe —a period known as the Protestant Reformation. ... For the national legislative body adjourned in 1707, see Parliament of Scotland. ...

The Catholic community in Scotland were once largely working class. In recent years things have changed markedly; many Catholics can be found in the what used to be called the professions and it is now unremarkable for Catholics to be occupying posts in the judiciary or in national politics. In 1999 the Rt Hon Dr John Reid MP became the first Catholic to hold the office of Secretary of State for Scotland. His succession by the Rt Hon Helen Liddell MP in 2001 attracted considerably more media comment that she was the first woman to hold the post rather than the second Catholic. 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... This article is about the British cabinet minister. ... The Secretary of State for Scotland (Rùnaire Stàite na h-Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is the chief minister in the government of the United Kingdom with responsibilites for Scotland, at the head of the Scotland Office (formerly The Scottish Office). ... The Right Honourable Helen Lawrie Liddell (born December 6, 1950, in Coatbridge, Scotland, neé Reilly) is a British politician, and was member of Parliament for Monklands East, then Airdrie and Shotts from 1994 to 2005. ...

It is notable that the Catholic Church recognises the separate identity of Scotland. The Church in Scotland is thus governed by its own hierarchy and Bishops' Conference, not under the control of the English Bishops. In recent years there have been times when it was especially the Scots Catholic Bishops who took the floor in Britain to argue for Catholic social and moral teaching.

Hierarchy

The Catholic Bishops in England and Wales come together in a collaborative structure known as the Bishops' Conference. Their elected President is currently the Archbishop of Westminster, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor. The standard of the Archbishop of Westminster The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, England. ... Cormac Cardinal Murphy-OConnor (born 24 August 1932 in Reading, Berkshire) is a priest of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

The Scottish Bishops have an entirely separate Bishops' Conference.

Within Great Britain the Catholic hierarchy consists of:

The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... St. ... The Diocese of Aberdeen (Scotland). ... The Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ... The Archbishop of Birmingham is the Ordinary of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham in the Region of Great Britain. ... Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from Latin Oxonia) is a county in south-east England, bordering on Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, and Warwickshire. ... Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. ... Warwickshire (pronounced either /ˈwɔːɹɪkˌʃə/ or /ˈwɔːɹɪkˌʃɪə/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in central England. ... The County of West Midlands is a metropolitan county in western central England, the United Kingdom, formed in 1974. ... Worcestershire (pronounced ; abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. ... Saint Chads Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Province of Birmingham, England, a province of the Catholic Church in Great Britain. ... Diocese of Clifton is an English Catholic diocese consisting of Gloucestershire, Somerset, and Wiltshire. ... Bristol is a unitary authority with city and ceremonial county status in South West England. ... Gloucestershire (pronounced ; GLOSS-ter-sher) is a county in South West England. ... Somerset is a county in the south-west of England. ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... Categories: Buildings and structures stubs | Bristol | Roman Catholic cathedrals in Britain ... One of the thirteen English dioceses created by Apostolic Letter of Pius IX on 27 Sept. ... This article is about the English county. ... Shropshire (abbreviated Salop or Shrops) is a traditional, ceremonial and administrative county in the West Midlands region of England. ... The Archbishop of Cardiff is the Ordinary of the Archdiocese of Cardiff. ... Gwent is the area of south-easternmost Wales, bordering on the Welsh Marches of southwest England. ... Mid Glamorgan is a ceremonial preserved county of Wales, one of the divisions of the traditional county of Glamorgan. ... South Glamorgan is a ceremonial preserved county of Wales, one of the divisions of the traditional county of Glamorgan. ... Herefordshire is a traditional and ceremonial county and unitary district in the West Midlands region of England in the United Kingdom. ... West Glamorgan is a ceremonial preserved county of Wales, one of the divisions of the traditional county of Glamorgan. ... Dyfed was one of the ancient kingdoms (or principalities) of Wales prior to the Norman Conquest. ... Brecknockshire, also known as Breconshire or, in Welsh, as Sir Frycheiniog is an inland traditional county of Wales, bounded N. by Radnorshire, E. by Herefordshire and Monmouthshire, S. by Monmouthshire and Glamorgan, and W. by Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire. ... Radnorshire (Welsh: Sir Faesyfed) is an inland traditional county of Wales, bounded to the north by Montgomeryshire and Shropshire, to the east by Herefordshire, to the south by Brecknockshire and to the west by Cardiganshire. ... Gwynedd is an administrative county in Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. ... Clwyd is a preserved county of Wales, formed from the traditional counties of Denbighshire and Flintshire, and parts of Merionethshire. ... Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn) is an inland traditional county of Wales. ... The Diocese of Hallam is a [[Roman Catholic Diocese[[ in the UK under the province of Liverpool. ... South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. ... The Cathedral Church of St Marie is the Roman Catholic cathedral in Sheffield, England. ... The Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle is a Roman Catholic Diocese in the UK. The diocese is one of the six suffragan sees in the ecclesiastical Province of Liverpool and covers North-East England. ... North East England is one of the regions of England. ... Cumbria is a county in the North West region of England. ... Red Lancashire rose Lancashire is a county in the North of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ... Lancaster, England is the home of the Lancaster Cathedral, an impressive Roman Catholic cathedral also known as Saint Peters Cathedral. ... West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England, corresponding roughly to the core of the West Riding of the traditional county of Yorkshire. ... Bolton Abbey North Yorkshire is a Shire county within the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. ... The Archbishop of Liverpool is the Ordinary of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool in the Region of Great Britain. ... Merseyside is a metropolitan county, located in the North West of England. ... West Lancashire is a local government district in Lancashire, England. ... Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral steps The south elevation and main entrance to the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, a Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool, has the official name of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King. ... Bolton Abbey North Yorkshire is a Shire county within the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. ... York is a city in northern England, at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss. ... The East Riding of Yorkshire is a local government district in the United Kingdom. ... The Diocese of Salford is a Roman Catholic diocese based in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. ... Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in England established in 1974 which covers an area roughly encompassing the conurbation surrounding the City of Manchester. ... Red Lancashire rose Lancashire is a county in the North of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ... The Cathedral Church of St. ... Roman Catholic Diocese in southern England covering the counties of East and West Sussex and Surrey. ... Surrey is a county in southern England, part of the South East England region and one of the Home Counties. ... Sussex is a traditional county in south-eastern England, corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... Arundel Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in West Sussex, England. ... Motto: Onen hag oll (Cornish: One and all) Geography Status Ceremonial and (smaller) Non-metropolitan county Region South West England Population - Total (2004 est. ... The inner harbour, Brixham, south Devon, at low tide Devon is a large county in South West England, bordering on Cornwall to the west, Dorset and Somerset to the east. ... Dorset (pronounced Dorsit, sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the southwest of England, on the English Channel coast. ... Hampshire (abbr. ... Berkshire (IPA: or  ; sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a county in England and forms part of the South East England region. ... The Archbishop of Southwark is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark in the Region of Great Britain. ... Kent is a county in England, south-east of London. ... For other uses, see London (disambiguation). ... St Georges Cathedral St Georges Cathedral Southwark is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Southwark, South London. ... Essex is a county in the East of England. ... The Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Helen is the Roman Catholic cathedral in the English town of Brentwood, Essex. ... Cambridgeshire (abbreviated Cambs) is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. ... Norfolk (pronounced IPA: /nÉ”:fÉ™k/) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... Suffolk (pronounced SUF-fk) is a large traditional and administrative county in the East Anglia region of eastern England. ... Northamptonshire (abbreviated Northants or Nhants) is a landlocked county in central England with a population of 629,676 (2001 census). ... Bedfordshire is a county in England and forms part of the East of England region. ... Map of Bucks (1904) Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a county in South East England. ... Derbyshire (pronounced Dar-bee-shur) is a county in the East Midlands of England, which boasts some of Englands most attractive scenery. ... Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. ... Leicestershire (abbreviated Leics) is a landlocked county in central England. ... Rutland is traditionally Englands smallest county and is bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire, and southeast by Northamptonshire. ... Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the East Midlands of England. ... The Cathedral Church of St. ... Westminster Cathedral is the motherchurch of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster. ... Middlesex is one of the 39 historic counties of England. ... Hertfordshire (pronounced Hartfordshire and abbreviated as Herts) is an inland county in the United Kingdom, officially part of the East of England Government region. ... Westminster Cathedral from Victoria Street Westminster Cathedral is the motherchurch of the Roman Catholic faithful of Great Britain located in the City of Westminster in London. ...

The Archbishop of Liverpool heads the Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool in England. ... The Bishop of Hallam is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hallam in the Province of Liverpool. ... The Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle in the Province of Liverpool. ... The Bishop of Lancaster is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lancaster in the Province of Liverpool. ... The Bishop of Leeds is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds in the Province of Liverpool. ... The Bishop of Middlesbrough is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough in the Province of Liverpool. ... The Bishop of Salford is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford in the Province of Liverpool. ... The standard of the Archbishop of Westminster The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, England. ... The Bishop of Brentwood is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood in the Province of Westminster. ... The Bishop of East Anglia is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia in the Province of Westminster. ... The Bishop of Northampton is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Northampton in the Province of Westminster. ... The Bishop of Nottingham is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham in the Province of Westminster. ... The Archbishop of Birmingham is the Ordinary of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham in the Region of Great Britain. ... The Bishop of Clifton is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton in the Province of Birmingham. ... The Bishop of Shrewsbury is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury in the Province of Birmingham. ... The Archbishop of Cardiff is the Ordinary of the Archdiocese of Cardiff. ... The Bishop of Menevia is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Menevia in the Province of Cardiff. ... The Bishop of Wrexham is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wrexham in the Province of Cardiff. ... The Archbishop of Southwark is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark in the Region of Great Britain. ... .The Bishop of Arundel and Brighton is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arundel and Brighton in the Province of Southwark. ... The Bishop of Plymouth is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth in the Province of Southwark. ... The Bishop of Portsmouth is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth in the Province of Southwark. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... The Bishop of Motherwell is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell in the Province of Glasgow. ... The Bishop of Paisley is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paisley in the Province of Glasgow. ... The Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ... The Bishop of Aberdeen is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ... The Bishop of Argyll and the Isles is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Argyll and the Isles in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ... The Bishop of Dunkeld is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ... The Bishop of Galloway is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ...

See also

• Religion in the United Kingdom
• English Roman Catholic parish histories

St Pauls Cathedral The United Kingdom is a traditionally Christian state, with two of the four home nations having official faiths: Anglicanism, in the form of the Church of England, is the established church in England. ... After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church in England went underground to avoid persecution. ...

External links

• Catholic Church in England and Wales
• Bishops Conference of Scotland