NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Caucasian Albania

Caucasian Albania (or Aghbania) was an ancient kingdom that covered what is now southern Dagestan and most of present-day Azerbaijan. Image File history File links Caucasus03. ... Image File history File links Caucasus03. ... The Republic of Dagestan IPA: (Russian: ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ...

Ancient population of Albania

Aran was a legendary ancestor and the eponym of the Albanians (Aghvan). Caucasian Albania were one of the Ibero-Caucasian peoples, the ancient and indigenous population of modern southern Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The Mannaeans had one of the earliest states recorded as being established in the area as far as the Kura from ca. 800 BC, and they were rivals of Urartu and Assyria, but later fell under the rule of Urartu until their destruction and eventual assimilation by the Medes under Cyaxares in 616 BC. In ancient times, they were heavily mixed with the Persian people who settled in the area during the Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid periods. Azerbaijan or Azarbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is historically and geographically Eurasian and stretches from the Caucasus region, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea, to the Zagros in Iran. ... Azerbaijan or Azarbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is historically and geographically Eurasian and stretches from the Caucasus region, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea, to the Zagros in Iran. ... // History The role of Shirvanshah (Shirvan) state in national development of Azerbaijan (especially of northern Azerbaijan) is hard to underestimate. ... Azerbaijan or Azarbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is historically and geographically Eurasian and stretches from the Caucasus region, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea, to the Zagros in Iran. ... Azerbaijan or Azarbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is historically and geographically Eurasian and stretches from the Caucasus region, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea, to the Zagros in Iran. ... Azerbaijan or Azarbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is historically and geographically Eurasian and stretches from the Caucasus region, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea, to the Zagros in Iran. ... Azerbaijan or Azarbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is historically and geographically Eurasian and stretches from the Caucasus region, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea, to the Zagros in Iran. ... Motto: Odlar Yurdu Land of the Eternal Fire Anthem: AzÉ™rbaycan RespublikasÄ±nÄ±n DÃ¶vlÉ™t Himni March of Azerbaijan Capital Baku Largest city Baku Official language(s) Azerbaijani Government President Prime Minister Representative democracy Mammed Amin Rasulzade Fatali Khan Khoyski Independence - Declared - Formerly From the Russian Empire May... State motto: Ð‘Ò¯Ñ‚Ò¯Ð½ Ó©Ð»ÐºÓ™Ð»Ó™Ñ€Ð¸Ð½ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð»Ð°Ñ€Ñ‹, Ð±Ð¸Ñ€Ð»Ó™ÑˆÐ¸Ð½! Workers of the world, unite! Official language None. ... Soviet government troops arrest several Azeris in a clash with Popular Front protesters in Baku in January 1990. ... Aran or Arran is a historical geographical name used in early medieval times to define some parts of what is now the republic Azerbaijan as well as Armenia. ... The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Caspian, Nakh-Dagestanian, or Dagestanian, are a family of languages spoken mostly in the Dagestan, Chechnya, and Ingushetia regions of Russia, in Northern Azerbaijan, and in Georgia. ... The Republic of Dagestan IPA: (Russian: ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Mannaeans (or Mannai, Mannae, Biblical Minni) were an ancient people of unknown origin, who lived in the territory of present-day Iranian Azerbaijan around the 10th to 7th century BC. At that time they were neighbours of the empires of Assyria and Urartu, as well as other small buffer... Kura (Georgian Mtkvari, Azerbaijani Kür) is a river in the Caucasus Mountains. ... Centuries: 10th century BC - 9th century BC - 8th century BC Decades: 850s BC 840s BC 830s BC 820s BC 810s BC - 800s BC - 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC Events and Trends 804 BC - Hadad-nirari IV of Assyria conquers Damascus. ... Urartu (Biainili in Urartian) was an ancient kingdom in eastern Anatolia, centered in the mountainous region around Lake Van (present-day Turkey), which existed from about 1000 BC, or earlier, until 585 BC. The name may correspond to the Biblical Ararat. ... Relief from Assyrian capital of Dur Sharrukin, showing transport of Lebanese cedar (8th c. ... Hvakhshathra or Cyaxares (r. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC - 610s BC - 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC Events and Trends 619 BC - Alyattes becomes king of Lydia 619 BC _ Death of Zhou xiang... The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named FÃ¢rsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate...

Ancient tribes of the Caucasian Albania were: Abaris (Iberis) or Avars, Savir or Sabirs, Hers, Gargars, Gels, Caspians, Uties, Saks, and Sodes, who along with other tribes, constituted the Albanian tribal union. According to Strabo (1st BC), the number of the Aghvan tribes reached 26, each of which spoke a different language. Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, in which they are the predominant group. ... The Sabir people inhabited the Caspian depression prior to the arrival of the Avars. ... This page has been protected from editing to deal with vandalism. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ...

Origin and regions

The kingdom of Caucasian Albania (Aghbania, Aghvania) was founded in the late 4th - early 3rd century BC. The initial capital of the kingdom was pronounced in many different ways including Kabalaka, Shabala, Tabala, and present-day Gabala. Later the capital moved to the south to Partaw (present-day Barda). (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 4th century BC started on January 1, 400 BC and ended on December 31, 301 BC. // Overview Events Bust of Alexander the Great in the British Museum. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 3rd century BC started on January 1, 300 BC and ended on December 31, 201 BC. // Events The Pyramid of the Moon, one of several monuments built in TeotihuacÃ¡n TeotihuacÃ¡n, Mexico begun The first two Punic Wars between Carthage... Gabala is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

One of main regions of Caucasian Albania, Hereti, was a part of Georgia (the Kakheti region of Eastern Georgia) since the end of the 7th century^{[citation needed]}. For centuries, this region had been a part of Persia. Since 1918, the part of Hereti now in the districts of Qakh, Balakan and Zaqatala, has been a part of Azerbaijan. Hereti was a historic province in eastern Georgia. ... Categories: Caucasus geography stubs | Georgia (country) ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau (IrÄn - Land of the Aryans) and beyond. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Qakh (Qax) is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Balakan is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ... Zaqatala is a rayon of Azerbaijan. ...

Armenian domination

Parts of Caucasian Albania, including Uti on the right bank of the Kura river, and Artsakh, were conquered by the Armenians, the descendants of the Urartu, in the 2nd century B.C.^[1] Kura (Georgian Mtkvari, Azerbaijani Kür) is a river in the Caucasus Mountains. ... Urartu (Biainili in Urartian) was an ancient kingdom in eastern Anatolia, centered in the mountainous region around Lake Van (present-day Turkey), which existed from about 1000 BC, or earlier, until 585 BC. The name may correspond to the Biblical Ararat. ...

Strabo, Ptolemy and Pliny all write that at this time, the border between Albania and the Kingdom of Greater Armenia was through the river Kura. However the frontier along the Kura was repeatedly overrun, to the advantage sometimes of the Albanians, sometimes of the Armenians. ^[2] The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; c. ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19c portrait. ... Kura (Georgian Mtkvari, Azerbaijani Kür) is a river in the Caucasus Mountains. ...

In 66 BC, following the defeat of the Armenian king Tigranes II at the hand of the Romans, the Armenian empire lost most of its territory. At this time, the Aghvans regained control over their right bank territories conquered by Armenians. According to the 7th c. historian Moses Kalankaytuk, author of "History of Aghvank", at this time, the southern border of Caucasian Albania was along the Araks river. Thus, referring to the events in the beginning of 2nd c. BC, he mentions that "… as leader of [savage tribes to the north], by [Armenian king] Vagharshak's order, was appointed someone from the family of Sisakan, one of the descendants of Yafet, named Aran, who inherited the plains and mountains of the country of Aghvank beginning from the river Yeraskh (Araks) up to the castle of Hnarakert (on river Kura)," after whom "this country was called Aghvank" (I.4). The Armenian historian Moses of Chorene, who is considered in Armenian historiography "the father of Armenian history", also confirmed that the Sisakan family inherited the area "from the river Yeraskh (Araks) up to the castle called Hnarakert," and the region was named Aghvank after them in the early 2nd century BC (History of Armenia, II.8). Events Roman Republic Consuls: Manius Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Volcacius Tullus Catiline accused of conspiring against the Roman Republic with Autronius and the younger Sulla. ... Tigranes II (140 BC - 55 BC; also spelt Tigran and Dikran) was a king of Armenia. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Aras, Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz (Persian: ارس, Azerbaijani: Araz), is a river rising in Anatolia in Turkey, flowing along the Turkey-Armenia border, then along the Iran border, entering Azerbaijan, and falling into Kura river as a right tributary. ... Japheth (יֶפֶת / יָפֶת Enlarge, Standard Hebrew Yéfet / Yáfet, Tiberian Hebrew Yép̄eṯ / Yāp̄eṯ) is one of the sons of Noah in the Bible. ... The placename Aran may refer to: The Aran Islands or the largest island in that group Aran, a historical region that is a part of modern Republic of Azerbaijan (Caucasia) The Isle of Arran in Scotland. ... Aras, Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz (Persian: ارس, Azerbaijani: Araz), is a river rising in Anatolia in Turkey, flowing along the Turkey-Armenia border, then along the Iran border, entering Azerbaijan, and falling into Kura river as a right tributary. ... Kura (Georgian Mtkvari, Azerbaijani Kür) is a river in the Caucasus Mountains. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Aras, Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz (Persian: ارس, Azerbaijani: Araz), is a river rising in Anatolia in Turkey, flowing along the Turkey-Armenia border, then along the Iran border, entering Azerbaijan, and falling into Kura river as a right tributary. ... The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...

Little is known about the history of Caucasian Albania during the 1st century BC till the 4th century AD. During this time, part of Albania was conquered again by the Armenian kings, and they alternated control over the territory on the right bank of Kura (Artsakh and Uti provinces) several times until 387, when the Armenian kingdom was partitioned between the Persians and Romans. Albania, as an ally of Sassanid Persia, regained all the right bank of the river Kura up to river Araxes, including Artsakh. Events The widowed Roman Emperor Theodosius I marries Galla, sister of his colleague Valentinian II Births Deaths Flaccilla, wife of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I. Categories: 387 ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate...

Albania was described as a tribal confederacy made of as many as 26 different Caucasian, Scythian, and Armenian groups. Because of its ethnic incoherence, Albania quickly came under a strong unifying ecclesiastical and cultural influence of neighboring Armenia, from where it received Christian baptism. The Church of Albania was in communion with the Church of Armenia, and the Armenian language became Albania’s literary medium. This allowed dynasts from the Armenian borderlands of Artsakh and Utik to extend their influence to the east—across the River Kura—and subordinate the Kingdom of Albania to them, in the end assimilating it politically and culturally. After the partition of Armenia between Byzantium and Persia (in 387 AD), Artsakh, Utik and rest of Albania were made part of a single Persian self-governing province called “Aghvank” (Arran, in Persian). The Armenian Arranshahik princes from Artsakh, who always sought greater autonomy from the Armenian King, took advantage of this situation. They assumed the title of “King of Aghvank” and moved the center of the Church of Albania from the left bank of the River Kura to Partav. The Ethnolinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map This article concerns the geographic region. ... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... Utik (also known as Uti, Utiq, or Outi) is a historic region of Armenia located in part of present-day Azerbaijan immediately west of the Kura River. ... Events The widowed Roman Emperor Theodosius I marries Galla, sister of his colleague Valentinian II Births Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland. ...

By the 8th century—following the assimilations—the term “Aghvank” lost its ethnic and political meaning and came to be applied to a diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Katholicosate of Aghvank. In the Middle Ages, it also became an abstract geographic term for the territory that once comprised Persia’s Armenian-ruled satrapy of Aghvank/Arran. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1196, 160 KB) Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1196, 160 KB) Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Official standard of Karekin II Catholicos of Armenia The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes called the Armenian Orthodox Church or the Gregorian Church, is the worlds oldest national church and one of the most ancient Christian communities. ...

Christianization

Caucasian Aghbania was one of the first countries where Christianity was adopted from the 4th century, when the Armenian Church was formed. Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life, death, ressurection, and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... Armenian Church can refer to: Armenian Catholic Church Armenian Apostolic Church External reference and links Jerusalem Photos Archive - Armenian Church in Jerusalem Pictures of Armenian Churches This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In the 4th-5th centuries Christianity became established in Albania, and this led to a rapprochement with Byzantium, and a corresponding cooling-down in the relationship between Albania and Sassanid Persia. In a battle that took place in 451 AD in the Avarayr field, the allied forces of the Armenian, Albanian and Iberian kings, devoted to Christianity, suffered defeat at the hands of the Sassanid army. Many of the Albanian nobility ran to the mountainous regions of Aghbania, particularly to Artsakh, that became a center for resistance to Sassanid Iran. The religious center of the Albanian state also moved here. In 498 AD (in other sources, 488 AD) in the settlement named Aluen (Aguen) (present day Agdam region of Azerbaijan), an Albanian church council convened to adopt laws further strengthening the position of Christianity in Albania. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life, death, ressurection, and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... Byzantium, present day Istanbul, was an ancient Greek city-state, which according to legend was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Ï‚ or Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Î½Ï„Î±Ï‚ in Greek). ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... Combatants Sassanid Empire Armenian rebels Commanders Yazdegerd II Vartan Mamikonian Strength 180,000 to 220,000(According to Armenian sources) 60,000 Casualties Unknown Heavy Battle of Vartanantz (May 26, 451) is remembered by Armenians as probably the greatest battle in their history. ... Events November 22 - After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected pope in Santa Maria Maggiore. ... Agdam (AÄŸdam) is a rayon in southwestern Azerbaijan. ...

Arab and Seljuk domination

In the 7th century AD, the kingdom was overrun by the Arabs and, like all Islamic conquests at the time, assimilated into the Caliphate. From the 8th century, Caucasian Albania existed as the principalities of Aranshahs and Khachin, along with various Iranian and Arabic principalities: the Principality of Shedadians, the Principality of Shirvan, the Principality of Derbent, etc. The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Arabs (Arabic: Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... Khachin principality was a feudal semi-independent state that emerged in the territory of present-day Nagorno-Karabakh in late IX-early X cc. ... Shervan or Shirvan was a former Persian province in Caucasus, a state ruled by the Shervanshahs and the birthplace of the Persian poet Khaqani. ... Derbent is built around a Sassanid fortress, the only one preserved in the world. ...

As a result of the expansion of Seljuks (Turks) into the territory of modern Azerbaijan in the 11th century, the indigenous Albanian population were assimilated. Albanians played a significant role in the ethnogenesis of today's Azeris. The Seljuk Turks (Turkish: Selçuk; Arabic: سلجوق Saljūq, السلاجقة al-Salājiqa; Persian: سلجوقيان Saljūqiyān; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) were a major branch of... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Ethnogenesis is the process by which a group of human beings comes to be understood or to understand themselves as ethnically distinct from the wider social landscape from which their grouping emerges. ... Azerbaijanis or Azerbaijani Turks, are a Muslim people who number more than 25 million worldwide. ...

Alphabet and language

According to Moses Kalankaytuk, the Albanian alphabet was invented by Mesrob Mashdots, an Armenian monk, theologian and linguist (see Moses Kalankaytuk, The History of Aluank, I, 27 and III, 24). Image File history File links Albanian_stone. ... Image File history File links Albanian_stone. ... Mingachevir (MingaÃ§evir) is the fourth-biggest city in Azerbaijan with a population of about 100,000. ... A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Saint Mesrop Mashtots (Armenian:Õ„Õ¥Õ½Ö€Õ¸Õº Õ„Õ¡Õ·Õ¿Õ¸Ö) (360 - February 17, 440) was an Armenian monk, theologian and linguist. ... A monk is a person who practices asceticism, the conditioning of mind and body in favor of the spirit. ... Theology (Greek Î¸ÎµÎ¿Ï‚, theos, God, + Î»Î¿Î³Î¿Ï‚, logos, word or reason) means reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God. ... The following is a list of linguists, those who study linguistics. ...

Another Armenian historian, Koriun, in his book "The Life of Mashtots", wrote: "Then there came and visited them an elderly man, an Albanian named Benjamin. And he [Mesrop] inquired and examined the barbaric diction of the Albanian language, and then through his usual God-given keenness of mind invented an alphabet, which he, through the grace of Christ, successfully organized and put in order." (see Koriun, Ch. 16). Koryun, the earliest Armenian-language historian, writing in the fifth century, has left a Life of Mesrop which contains many details of the evangelization of Armenia and the invention of the alphabet. ...

The Albanian alphabet was rediscovered by a Georgian scholar, Professor Ilia Abuladze, in 1937. The alphabet was found in Matenadaran MS No. 7117, an Armenian-language manual of the 15th century. This manual presents different alphabets for comparison: Armenian, Greek, Latin, Syrian, Georgian, Coptic, and Albanian among them. The Albanian alphabet was titled: "Aluanic girn e" (Albanic letters). Abuladze made an assumption that this alphabet was based on Georgian letters. 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Matenadaran Institute building in Yerevan Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan, Armenia, is one of the richest depositories of manuscripts and books in the world. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

The Udi language, spoken by 8000 people mostly in Azerbaijan, and also Georgia, is thought to be the last remnant of the language once spoken in Caucasian Albania.^[3] A member of the Caspian (or eastern) branch of the Caucasian languages. ...

Footnotes

Contents

Ancient population of Albania

Origin and regions

Armenian domination

Christianization

Arab and Seljuk domination

Alphabet and language

Footnotes

See also

External links

References

Contents

Ancient population of Albania GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Origin and regions

Armenian domination

Christianization

Arab and Seljuk domination

Alphabet and language

Footnotes

See also

External links

References

Ancient population of Albania