Plaque, at old site

Entrance, old site, Free School Lane

The Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences. It was opened in 1874 as a teaching laboratory and was initially located on the New Museums Site, Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge. After perennial space problems, it moved to its present site in West Cambridge in the early 1970s. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x900, 202 KB) Summary Old Cavendish Laboratory site: plaque. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x900, 202 KB) Summary Old Cavendish Laboratory site: plaque. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1600, 154 KB) Summary Cavendish Laboratory old site; entrance. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1600, 154 KB) Summary Cavendish Laboratory old site; entrance. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Old Cavendish Laboratory entrance Rutherford crocodile on the Mond Building The New Museums Site is a major site of the University of Cambridge, located in the centre of the city, on Pembroke Street and Free School Lane, sandwiched between Corpus Christi College, Pembroke College and the Lion Yard. ... Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge, is the location of the Whipple Museum of the History Of Science, the Universitys faculty of Social and Political Sciences and the former home of the Cavendish Laboratory. ... West Cambridge is a university site to the west of Cambridge city centre in England. ...

The Department is named after Henry Cavendish, a famous physicist, and a member of the Dukes of Devonshire branch of the Cavendish family. Another family member, William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire, was Chancellor of the University, and he gave money to endow the laboratory in memory of his learned relative. For other persons named Henry Cavendish, see Henry Cavendish (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with physician, a person who practices medicine. ... The Dukes of Devonshire are members of the aristocratic Cavendish family in the United Kingdom. ... Cavendish is the surname of a British noble family, also known as the House of Cavendish, descended from Sir John Cavendish of Cavendish in the country of Suffolk (c. ... The Most Noble William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire (27 April 1808 —21 December 1891) (known previously as 2nd Earl of Burlington of the second creation), was the great-grandson of the 4th Duke of Devonshire and grandson of the 1st Earl of Burlington of the second creation, whom he...

As of 2006, 29 Cavendish researchers have won Nobel Prizes.^[1] 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: ) are awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Physiology or Medicine. ...

The Cavendish Laboratory has had an important influence on biology, mainly through the application of X-ray crystallography to the study of structures of biological molecules. Francis Crick already worked in the Medical Research Council Unit, headed by Max Perutz and housed in the Cavendish Laboratory, when James Watson came from the United States and they made a breakthrough in discovering the structure of DNA. For their work while in the Cavendish Laboratory, they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962, together with Maurice Wilkins of King's College London, himself a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... X-ray crystallography, also known as single-crystal X-ray diffraction, is the oldest and most common crystallographic method for determining the structure of molecules. ... Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, physicist, and neuroscientist, who is most noted for being one of the co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953. ... Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM (May 19, 1914 – February 6, 2002) was an Austrian-British molecular biologist. ... James Dewey Watson born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Groups

Areas in which the Laboratory has been very influential since 1950 include:-

• Superconductivity Josephson junction (under A Brian Pippard);
• Theory of Condensed Matter, which is the dominant theoretical group.
• Electron Microscopy (under Archie Howie);
• Radio Astronomy (under Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish), with the Radio Astronomy Group's telescopes being based at Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory

The current head of the Cavendish is Peter Littlewood. The Cavendish Professorship of Physics is currently held by Sir Richard Friend. Josephson junctions, first postulated by B. D. Josephson and first made by John Rowell and Philip Anderson, are quantum-mechanical circuit elements of superconducting devices. ... Sir Alfred Brian Pippard FRS (born 1920) is a British physicist. ... The Theory of Condensed Matter (TCM) group is the principal theoretical, as opposed to experimental, branch of the Cavendish Laboratory (physics department) in the University of Cambridge. ... The electron microscope is a microscope that can magnify very small details with high resolving power due to the use of electrons rather than light to scatter off material, magnifying at levels up to 500,000 times. ... The British physicist Archibald (“Archie”) Howie is known for his pioneering work on the interptation of transmission electron microscope images of crystals. ... The Very Large Array, a radio interferometer in New Mexico, USA Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Sir Martin Ryle (September 27, 1918 – October 14, 1984) was a British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e. ... Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, May 11, 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. ... The Cavendish Astrophysics Group (formerly the Radio Astronomy Group) is based at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University. ... Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory is home to a number of large aperture synthesis radio telescopes, including the One-Mile Telescope, 5km Ryle Telescope, and the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager. ... The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior Professorships in Physics at Cambridge University and was founded by grace of 9 February 1871 alongside the famous Cavendish Laboratory which was completed three years later. ... Professor Sir Richard Friend FRS is Cavendish Professor at the University of Cambridge with a world-renowned reputation for his research into the physics and engineering of carbon-based semiconductors. ...

Nobel Prize Winning Cavendish Researchers

• Lord Rayleigh (Physics, 1904)
• Sir J.J. Thomson (Physics, 1906)
• Lord Ernest Rutherford (Chemistry, 1908)
• Sir Lawrence Bragg (Physics, 1915)
• Charles Barkla (Physics, 1917)
• Francis Aston (Chemistry, 1922)
• Charles Wilson (Physics, 1927)
• Arthur Compton (Physics, 1927)
• Sir Owen Richardson (Physics, 1928)
• Sir James Chadwick (Physics, 1935)
• Sir George Thomson (Physics, 1937)
• Sir Edward Appleton (Physics, 1947)
• Lord Patrick Blackett (Physics, 1948)
• Sir John Cockcroft (Physics, 1951)
• Ernest Walton (Physics, 1951)
• Francis Crick (Physiology or Medicine, 1962)
• James Watson (Physiology or Medicine, 1962)
• Max Perutz (Chemistry, 1962)
• Sir John Kendrew (Chemistry, 1962)
• Dorothy Hodgkin (Chemistry, 1964)
• Brian Josephson (Physics, 1973)
• Sir Martin Ryle (Physics, 1974)
• Anthony Hewish (Physics, 1974)
• Sir Nevill Mott (Physics, 1977)
• Philip Anderson (Physics, 1977)
• Pjotr Kapitsa (Physics, 1978)
• Allan Cormack (Physiology or Medicine, 1979)
• Sir Aaron Klug (Chemistry, 1982)
• Norman Ramsey (Physics, 1989)

See also Rayleigh fading Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh number Rayleigh waves Rayleigh-Jeans law External links Nobel website bio of Rayleigh About John William Strutt MacTutor biography of Lord Rayleigh Categories: People stubs | 1842 births | 1919 deaths | Nobel Prize in Physics winners | Peers | British physicists | Discoverer of a chemical element ... Sir Joseph John Thomson, OM , FRS (December 18, 1756 – August 30, 1940) often known as J. J. Thomson, was an English physicist, the discoverer of the electron. ... Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM PC FRS (30 August 1871 - 19 October 1937), widely referred to as Lord Rutherford, was a nuclear physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics. ... William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg (March 31, 1890 - July 1, 1971) was a physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915. ... Charles Glover Barkla (June 7, 1877 – October 23, 1944) was an English physicist. ... Francis William Aston (born Birmingham, September 1, 1877; died Cambridge, November 20, 1945) was a British physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of the mass spectrometer. ... Several notable people are called Charles Wilson: Charles Wilson (politician) is a US Congressman Charles Wilson (physicist) was a 19th Century physicist Charles Wilson (historian) Charles Wilson (Montreal mayor) was the first elected mayor of Montreal in the 19th century Charles A. Charlie Wilson Jr. ... Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1927) for discovery of the Compton effect named in his honor. ... Sir James Chadwick (October 20, 1891 - July 24, 1974) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Joe has no friends what-so-ever Sir George Paget Thomson FRS (May 3, 1892 – September 10, 1975) was a Nobel-Prize-winning, English physicist who discovered the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction. ... Sir Edward Victor Appleton (September 6, 1892 – April 21, 1965) was an English physicist. ... Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett, OM , CH , FRS (November 18, 1897–July 13, 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism. ... See also: John Cockroft (politician) Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (May 27, 1897 - September 18, 1967) was a British physicist. ... Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (October 6, 1903 – June 25, 1995) was an Irish physicist, the winner of the 1951 Nobel Prize for Physics along with Sir John Douglas Cockcroft. ... Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, physicist, and neuroscientist, who is most noted for being one of the co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953. ... There is more than one person with the name James Watson: James Watson, participant in the Battle of the Little Bighorn James Watson, author of the novel Talking in Whispers James Watson, U.S. Senator from New York (1797-1801) James Watson, painter of 77 portraits held by the U... Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM (May 19, 1914 – February 6, 2002) was an Austrian-British molecular biologist. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin OM (May 12, 1910–July 29, 1994) was a British scientist, born Dorothy Mary Crowfoot in Cairo. ... Brian David Josephson (born Cardiff, UK, January 4, 1940) is a British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect while a 22_year_old graduate student won him a share (with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics. ... Sir Martin Ryle (September 27, 1918 – October 14, 1984) was a British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see eg aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location of weak radio sources. ... Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, May 11, 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his role in the discovery of pulsars. ... Sir Nevill Francis Mott (September 30, 1905 – August 8, 1996), FRS, CH, was a British physicist. ... Philip Warren Anderson (born December 13, 1923) is an American physicist. ... Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ... Allan McLeod Cormack (February 1924 - May 7, 1998) was a South Africa-born American physicist who shared a part of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. ... Sir Aaron Klug, OM, FRS (born 11 August 1926 in Želva, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes[1]. Having moved... Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. ...

References

1. ^ [1] — Nobel Prize Winners who have worked for considerable periods of time at the Cavendish Laboratory

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Cavendish Laboratory

• Cavendish Laboratory website
• Location of the Cavendish Laboratory on the University map and on Google maps
• Cavendish history
• History of the laboratory