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Cayuse
The Cayuse Tribe land area
Total population
The Cayuse Tribe has no descendants since its interbreeding with the Umatilla Tribe. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The term Cayuse has the following uses Cayuse, a people native to Oregon, United States. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (566x619, 88 KB) distribution of Cayuse language info created by w:User:Ish_ishwar in 2005 released under CC-by-2. ...
Regions with significant populations
Washington, Oregon
Languages
isolate (unclassified)
Religions
Animism
Related ethnic groups
Umatilla, Nez Perce

Cayuse & Sahaptin Tribal Representatives to Washington D.C. (1890)

Umapine (Wakonkonwelasonmi), a Cayuse chief, September, 1909

The Cayuse are a Native American tribe in the state of Oregon in the United States. The Cayuse tribe shares a reservation in northeastern Oregon with the Umatilla and the Walla Walla tribes as part of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. The reservation is located near Pendleton, Oregon near the Blue Mountains. “Washington State” redirects here. ... Official language(s) None Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or genetic) relationship with other living languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common to any other language. ... Unclassified languages are languages whose genetic affiliation has not been established, mostly due to lack of reliable data. ... Categories: Native American tribes | Stub ... The Nez Perce (pronounced ) are a tribe of Native Americans who inhabited the Pacific Northwest region of the United States at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. ... Sahaptin Tribal Representatives to Washington D.C. (1890) Title: Cayuse and Shahaptian delegates meet with Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington D.C., ca. ... Sahaptin Tribal Representatives to Washington D.C. (1890) Title: Cayuse and Shahaptian delegates meet with Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington D.C., ca. ... Image File history File links Umapine (Wakonkonwelasonmi), a Cayuse chief; full-length, standing, wearing a feathered headdress. ... Image File history File links Umapine (Wakonkonwelasonmi), a Cayuse chief; full-length, standing, wearing a feathered headdress. ... Native Americans are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... Official language(s) None Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (often called the Umatilla Indian Reservation) is an Indian reservation in eastern Oregon in the United States. ... Categories: Native American tribes | Stub ... Walla Walla is a Native American group that lives on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. ... The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (often called the Umatilla Indian Reservation) is an Indian reservation in eastern Oregon in the United States. ... Pendleton is a city located in Umatilla County, Oregon. ... The Blue Mountains The Blue Mountains are a mountain range located largely in northeastern Oregon and stretching into southeastern Washington in the United States. ...

The Cayuse call themselves the Tetawken, which means "we, the people". The Cayuse were originally located in northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington state and lived adjacent to territory covered by the Nez Perce. Like the Plains tribes, the Cayuse placed a high premium on warfare and were skilled horsemen, often using their horse-riding prowess to intimidate other tribes. The Cayuse moved to the Umatilla Reservation after signing a treaty with the U.S. federal government in 1855. “Washington State” redirects here. ... The Nez Perce (pronounced ) are a tribe of Native Americans who inhabited the Pacific Northwest region of the United States at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

History

The Cayuse Indians are a nomadic tribe that occupied territories at the heads of the Walla Walla, Umatilla, and Grande Ronde Rivers and from the Blue mountains to Deschutes River in Washington and Oregon. The tribe has always been closely associated with the neighboring Nez Percé and Walla Walla. They were considered linguistically independent. The Cayuse have always been famous for their bravery, and owing that to their constant battles with the Snake and other tribes, which have been weak in numbers. There were few pure-blood Cayuse left in 1851, intermarriage, largely with the neighboring Nez Percé, having been so constant that even the language was dissolating. In 1855, the Cayuse joined the treaty by which the Umatilla Indian Reservation was formed, and since that time have resided within the reservations limits. Their number is officially reported as 404 in 1904; but this number is misleading, as carefully in 1902 failed to discover a single one of pure blood on the reservation and the language is almost extinct. The tribe gained wide notoriety in the early days of the white settlement of the territory. In 1838, a mission was established among the Cayuse by Marcus Whitman at the site about 30 miles from the city of Walla Walla. In 1847 smallpox killed off a large part of the tribe. The Cayuse, convinced the missionaries were the cause, attacked them, and murdered Whitman, his wife and 12 others. They captured 54 women/children and held them for ransom. Later the traded the prisoners with the Hudson's Bay Company for guns, blankets and tobacco. They also destroyed the mission. This began the Cayuse War, which they eventually lost, and were forced to share a reservation with the Umatilla while the whites moved to their land. Nez Percé warrior on horse, 1910 The Nez Percé or Nez Perce (pronounced as in French, or ) are a tribe of Native Americans who inhabited the Pacific Northwest region of the United States at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. ... The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (often called the Umatilla Indian Reservation) is an Indian reservation in eastern Oregon in the United States. ... Marcus Whitman Narcissa Whitman Marcus Whitman (September 4, 1802–November 29, 1847) was an American physician and missionary in the Oregon Country. ... Walla-walla (Traditional Chinese: 嘩啦嘩啦), is an kind of motorboat serving in the Victoria Harbour of Hong Kong. ... The Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ... The Cayuse War was an armed conflict that took place in the northwestern United States between 1848 and 1855 between the Cayuse people of the region and the United States Government and local white settlers. ...

Lifestyle

The Cayuse Indians are located in the Columbia Basin. They were nomadic, they could even move day by day. They lived in houses called teepees, which many nomadic tribes used. Cayuse women would have to assemble and disassemble the teepees, which could take an hour both ways. The Cayuse were skilled horsemen, and used them for catching animals and their trip over the Rocky Mountains. Each year, to bring an abundant supply of buffalo to their tribe, the men would go east of the Rocky Mountains and bring buffalo back to the women and children. The women would use the animal skins to build their shelter, cook food, and clothe themselves. An important quality of the men to have is bravery. It would make you be worshiped and the strongest man would be Chief of their tribe. The Cayuse did not like the white men trying to change their way of life, or make them move from their land. The Whitman Massacre occurred as a cause of this when Cayuse and Umatilla Indians killed Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, two Protestant missionaries, and twelve other travelers residing at their camp. This soon led to the Cayuse War, one of the many in the Indian Wars. Categories: Stub | Buildings and structures | Survival skills ... Rockies may also refer to the National League Baseball team, the Colorado Rockies. ... Marcus Whitman The Whitman massacre (also known as the Walla Walla massacre and the Whitman Incident) was the murder in the Oregon Country on November 29, 1847 of U.S. missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa Whitman, along with twelve others, by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians. ... The Cayuse War was an armed conflict that took place in the northwestern United States between 1848 and 1855 between the Cayuse people of the region and the United States Government and local white settlers. ... Combatants Native Americans Various (see text) Indian Wars is the name used by historians in the United States to describe a series of conflicts between the United States and Native American peoples (Indians) of North America. ...

Language

Main article: Cayuse language

The Cayuse language is a language isolate. It has been proposed in the past that it may be related to Molala making up a Waiilaptuan family ultimately related to the Penutian stock. This proposal is currently undemonstrated. A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or genetic) relationship with other living languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common to any other language. ... The Molala (also Molale, Molalla, Molele) were a people of the Plateau culture area in central Oregon. ... The Penutian is a phylum (or stock) of language families that include many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one time in Washington, Oregon, and California. ...

The language has been extinct since the 19th century.

References

External links

• Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation homepage
• Languages of Oregon - Cayuse page