Cefaclor
Systematic (IUPAC) name
7-[(2-amino-2-phenyl-acetyl)amino]- 3-chloro-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2- ene-2- carboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	53994-73-3
ATC code	J01DC04
PubChem	2609
DrugBank	APRD00243
Chemical data
Formula	C15H14ClN3O4S
Mol. weight	367.808
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Well absorbed, independent of food intake
Metabolism	15% to 40%
Half life	0.6 - 0.9 hours
Excretion	renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	? IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules . ... DrugBank is a database available at the University of Alberta that provides information about thousands of products. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of medication that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... Metabolism (from Greek μεταβολισμός metabolismos) is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. ... The elimination half-life of a drug (or any xenobiotic agent) refers to the timecourse necessary for the quantity of the xenobiotic agent in the body (or plasma concentration) to be reduced to half of its original level through various elimination processes. ... Excretion is the biological process by which an organism chemically separates waste products from its body. ... Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ...
Legal status	℞ Prescription only The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ...
Routes	Oral

Cefaclor, also known as cefachlor, (brand names Ceclor®, Distaclor®, Keflor®, Raniclor®) is a 2nd-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract infections. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... Staphylococcus aureus - Antibiotics Test plate. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... Subgroups Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are microscopic, unicellular organisms. ... It has been suggested that CURB-65 be merged into this article or section. ...

Indications

Cefaclor belongs to the family of antibiotics known as the cephalosporins (cefalosporins). The cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics which are used for the treatment of septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, biliary-tract infections, peritonitis, and urinary-tract infections. The pharmacology of the cephalosporins is similar to that of the penicillins, excretion being principally renal. Cephalosporins penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid poorly unless the meninges are inflamed; cefotaxime is a more suitable cephalosporin than cefaclor for infections of the central nervous system, e.g meningitis. Cefaclor is active against many bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... Sepsis (in Greek Σήψις) is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic infection leading to a systemic inflammatory response. ... It has been suggested that CURB-65 be merged into this article or section. ... Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes (meninges) covering the brain, usually due to bacterial or viral infections elsewhere in the body that has spread into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). ... Penicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Liquor cerebrospinalis, is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space in the brain (the space between the skull and the cerebral cortex—more specifically, between the arachnoid and pia layers of the meninges). ... Cefotaxime is a third generation intravenous cephalosporin antibiotic. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes (meninges) covering the brain, usually due to bacterial or viral infections elsewhere in the body that has spread into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). ... Subgroups Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are microscopic, unicellular organisms. ... Bacteria that are Gram-negative are not stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria. ... Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining, in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which are not affected by the stain. ...

Cautions and Contra-indications

Cautions include known sensitivity to beta-lactam antibacterials, such as penicillins (Cefaclor should be avoided if there is a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction); renal impairment (no dose adjustment required, although manufacturer advises caution); pregnancy and breast-feeding (but appropriate to use); false positive urinary glucose (if tested for reducing substances) and false positive Coombs' test. Hypersensitivity is an immune response that damages the bodys own tissues. ... A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more embryos or fetuses by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies. ... A breastfeeding infant Breastfeeding is the practice of a woman feeding an infant (or sometimes a toddler or a young child) with milk produced from her mammary glands, usually directly from the nipples. ...

Contraindications: Cephalosporin hypersensitivity (ie allergy)

Side Effects

The principal side-effect of the cephalosporins is hypersensitivity, and about 10% of penicillin-sensitive patients will also be allergic to the cephalosporins. Allergic reactions may present as, for example, rashes, pruritus (itching), urticaria, serum sickness-like reactions with rashes, fever and arthralgia, and anaphylaxis. An itch (Latin: pruritus) is a sensation felt on an area of skin that makes a person or animal want to scratch it. ... Serum sickness is a reaction to an antiserum derived from an animal source. ... Arthralgia is a term used to describe pain in the joints. ... In medicine, anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction. ...

Other side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, disturbances in liver enzymes, transient hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice), headache, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Rare side effects include eosinophilia and blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia); reversible interstitial nephritis; hyperactivity, nervousness, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, confusion, hypertonia, and dizziness. Hepatitis is a gastroenterological disease, featuring inflammation of the liver. ... A headache (medically known as cephalalgia, sometimes spelled as cephalgia) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ... Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening (15% of cases) disease, it is a hypersensitivity complex affecting the skin and the mucous membranes, a severe expression of erythema multiforme (EM) (and so SJS is also called erythema multiforme major). ... Eosinophilia is the state of having high eosinophil granulocytes in the blood. ... Thrombocytopenia (or -paenia, or thrombopenia in short) is the presence of relatively few platelets in blood. ... Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough, or any, new cells to replenish the blood cells. ... Hemolysis (alternative spelling haemolysis) is the excessive breakdown of red blood cells. ... Interstitial nephritis (or Tubulo-interstitial nephritis) is a form of nephritis affecting the interstititum of the kidneys surrounding the tubules. ... Hyperactivity can be described as a state in which a person is abnormally easily excitable and exuberant. ... Anxiety is a complex combination of the feeling of fear, apprehension and worry often accompanied by physical sensations such as palpitations, chest pain and/or shortness of breath. ... A hallucination is a false sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion, which is a misperception of an external stimulus. ... Look up Confusion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Confusion can have the following meanings: Unclarity or puzzlement, e. ... An increase in stiffness, tension, and spasticity of a muscle. ... Dizziness (Latin: Vertigo) is the sensation of instability. ...

Toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported. In the UK, The Comittee on the Safety of Medicines (CSM) has warned that the risk of diarrhoea and rarely antibiotic-associated colitis are more likely with higher doses. Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening and usually drug-induced dermatological condition that occurs more often in women than in men. ... CSM may mean: Capital Ship Missile (Space Empires) Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design Chaos Space Marines (Warhammer 40,000) Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Christian Science Monitor Christian Socialist Movement Cigarette Smoking Man (X Files) Colorado School of Mines College of San Mateo Apollo Command/Service Module Command Sergeant...

Interactions with other medications

Coumarins (e.g. Warfarin): Cephalosporins possibly enhance the anticoagulant effect of coumarins- change in patient's clinical condition, particularly associated with liver disease, intercurrent illness, or drug administration, necessitates more frequent testing of INR, and dose adjustment as necessary. Probenecid: excretion of cephalosporins is reduced by probenecid (resulting in increased concentrations of drug in the blood plasma). Antacids: Absorption of cefaclor is reduced by antacids; therefore antacids should not be taken at the same time as cefaclor. Warfarin (also known under the brand names of Coumadin®, Jantoven®, Marevan®, and Waran®) is an anticoagulant medication that is administered orally or, very rarely, by injection. ... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... INR may stand for: International normalized ratio, a laboratory test of blood coagulation the currency code for the Indian Rupee the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences the US Department of States Bureau of Intelligence and Research This is a disambiguation page — a navigational... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... Probenecid is a uricosuric drug, primarily used in treating gout or hyperuricemia, that increases uric acid removal in the urine. ... Look up plasma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An antacid is any substance that counteracts stomach acidity. ...

Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Cefaclor is passed into the breast milk in small quantities, but is generally accepted to be safe to take during breastfeeding. Cefaclor is not known to be harmful in pregnancy, although the potential risk of harm to the foetus must be balanced against the therapeutic benefits to mother and child of the drug. Breast milk usually refers to the milk produced by a human female which is usually fed to infants by breastfeeding. ... Wean redirects here: see #Weaning. ... A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more embryos or fetuses by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies. ...

Dose

Adults: 250 mg every 8 hours, doubled for severe infections, to a maximum of 4 g daily. Child over 1 month: 20 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses, doubled for severe infections, to a maximum of 1 g daily; or 1 month–1 year, 62.5 mg every 8 hours; 1–5 years, 125 mg; over 5 years, 250 mg; doses doubled for severe infections

External links

• Cefaclor.com