Cefaclor
Systematic (IUPAC) name
7-[(2-amino-2-phenyl-acetyl)amino]- 3-chloro-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2- ene-2- carboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	53994-73-3
ATC code	J01DC04
PubChem	2609
DrugBank	APRD00243
Chemical data
Formula	C15H14ClN3O4S
Mol. mass	367.808 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Well absorbed, independent of food intake
Metabolism	15% to 40%
Half life	0.6 to 0.9 hours
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B1(AU) B(US) Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ... The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Atomic mass 32. ... The molecular mass (abbreviated MM) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of medication that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... Drug metabolism is the metabolism of drugs, their biochemical modification or degradation, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. ... It has been suggested that Effective half-life be merged into this article or section. ... Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other materials that are of no use. ... It has been suggested that Renal anomalies and Renal plasma threshold be merged into this article or section. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ... Anthem: Advance Australia Fair Royal anthem: God Save the Queen Capital Canberra Largest city Sydney Official languages English (de facto 1) Government Constitutional monarchy (federal)  - Queen Elizabeth II  - Governor-General Michael Jeffery  - Prime Minister John Howard Independence from the UK   - Constitution 1 January 1901   - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
Legal status	℞ Prescription only The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ...
Routes	Oral

Cefaclor, also known as cefachlor (brand names Ceclor®, Distaclor®, Keflor®, Raniclor®), is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract infections. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... Staphylococcus aureus - Antibiotics test plate. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Pneumonia is an illness of the lungs and respiratory system in which the alveoli (microscopic air-filled sacs of the lung responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere) become inflamed and flooded with fluid. ...

Indications

Cefaclor belongs to the family of antibiotics known as the cephalosporins (cefalosporins). The cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics which are used for the treatment of septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, biliary-tract infections, peritonitis, and urinary-tract infections. The pharmacology of the cephalosporins is similar to that of the penicillins, excretion being principally renal. Cephalosporins penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid poorly unless the meninges are inflamed; cefotaxime is a more suitable cephalosporin than cefaclor for infections of the central nervous system, e.g meningitis. Cefaclor is active against many bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... Sepsis (in Greek Σήψις) is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic infection leading to a systemic inflammatory response. ... Pneumonia is an illness of the lungs and respiratory system in which the alveoli (microscopic air-filled sacs of the lung responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere) become inflamed and flooded with fluid. ... Meningitis is the inflammation (infection) of the meninges which are the membranes that cover the brain and spine. ... Penicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Liquor cerebrospinalis, is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space in the brain (the space between the skull and the cerebral cortex—more specifically, between the arachnoid and pia layers of the meninges). ... Cefotaxime (INN) (IPA: ) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... Meningitis is the inflammation (infection) of the meninges which are the membranes that cover the brain and spine. ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Bacteria that are Gram-negative are not stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria. ... Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining, in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which are not affected by the stain. ...

Cautions and contraindications

Cautions include known sensitivity to beta-lactam antibacterials, such as penicillins (Cefaclor should be avoided if there is a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction); renal impairment (no dose adjustment required, although manufacturer advises caution); pregnancy and breast-feeding (but appropriate to use); false positive urinary glucose (if tested for reducing substances) and false positive Coombs test. Cefaclor has also been reported to cause serum sickness in children. Hypersensitivity is an immune response that damages the bodys own tissues. ... A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more embryos or fetuses by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies. ... A breastfeeding infant Breastfeeding is the practice of a woman feeding an infant (or sometimes a toddler or a young child) with milk produced from her mammary glands, usually directly from the nipples. ... Coombs test (also known as Coombs test, antiglobulin test or AGT) refers to two clinical blood tests used in hematology and immunology. ...

Contraindications: Cephalosporin hypersensitivity (ie allergy)

Side effects

The principal side effect of the cephalosporins is hypersensitivity, and about 10% of penicillin-sensitive patients will also be allergic to the cephalosporins. Allergic reactions may present as, for example, rashes, pruritus (itching), urticaria, serum sickness-like reactions with rashes, fever and arthralgia, and anaphylaxis. An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications. ... An itch (Latin: pruritus) is a sensation felt on an area of skin that makes a person or animal want to scratch it. ... Serum sickness is a reaction to an antiserum derived from an animal source. ... Arthralgia is a term used to describe pain in the joints. ... }} In medicine, anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid multi-system allergic reaction. ...

Other side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, disturbances in liver enzymes, transient hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice), headache, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Rare side effects include eosinophilia and blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia); reversible interstitial nephritis; hyperactivity, nervousness, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, confusion, hypertonia, and dizziness. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. ... A headache is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ... Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe and life-threatening condition. ... Eosinophilia is the state of having high eosinophil granulocytes in the blood. ... Thrombocytopenia (or -paenia, or thrombopenia in short) is the presence of relatively few platelets in blood. ... Leukopenia (or leukocytopenia, or leucopenia) is a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood. ... Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough, or any, new cells to replenish the blood cells. ... Hemolysis (alternative spelling haemolysis) is the excessive breakdown of red blood cells. ... Interstitial nephritis (or Tubulo-interstitial nephritis) is a form of nephritis affecting the interstititum of the kidneys surrounding the tubules. ... Hyperactivity can be described as a state in which a person is abnormally easily excitable and exuberant. ... Anxiety is a complex combination of the feeling of fear, apprehension and worry often accompanied by physical sensations such as palpitations, chest pain and/or shortness of breath. ... A hallucination is a false sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion, which is a misperception of an external stimulus. ... Look up Confusion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Confusion can have the following meanings: Unclarity or puzzlement, e. ... An increase in stiffness, tension, and spasticity of a muscle. ... // Pre-syncope is a sensation of feeling faint. ...

Toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported. In the UK, The Committee on the Safety of Medicines (CSM) has warned that the risk of diarrhoea and rarely antibiotic-associated colitis are more likely with higher doses. Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening and usually drug-induced dermatological condition that occurs more often in women than in men. ... CSM may mean: Apollo Command/Service Module Camborne School of Mines, an educational institution in the United Kingdom Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design Chaos Space Marines, from the Warhammer 40,000 fictional universe Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing chlorosulfonated polyethylene Christian Science Monitor Christian Socialist Movement Cigarette Smoking Man...

Interactions with other medications

Coumarins (e.g. Warfarin): Cephalosporins possibly enhance the anticoagulant effect of coumarins- change in patient's clinical condition, particularly associated with liver disease, intercurrent illness, or drug administration, necessitates more frequent testing of INR, and dose adjustment as necessary. Probenecid: excretion of cephalosporins is reduced by probenecid (resulting in increased concentrations of drug in the blood plasma). Antacids: Absorption of cefaclor is reduced by antacids; therefore antacids should not be taken at the same time as cefaclor. Warfarin (also known under the brand names of Coumadin®, Jantoven®, Marevan®, and Waran®) is an anticoagulant medication that is administered orally or, very rarely, by injection. ... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... Coumarin is a chemical compound found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. ... INR may stand for: International normalized ratio, a laboratory test of blood coagulation the currency code for the Indian Rupee the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences the US Department of States Bureau of Intelligence and Research This is a disambiguation page — a navigational... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... Probenecid is a uricosuric drug, primarily used in treating gout or hyperuricemia, that increases uric acid removal in the urine. ... Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. ... An antacid is any substance that counteracts stomach acidity. ...

Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding

Cefaclor is passed into the breast milk in small quantities, but is generally accepted to be safe to take during breastfeeding. Cefaclor is not known to be harmful in pregnancy, although the potential risk of harm to the foetus must be balanced against the therapeutic benefits to mother and child of the drug. Breast milk usually refers to the milk produced by a human female which is usually fed to infants by breastfeeding. ... Breastfeeding an infant Symbol for breastfeeding (Matt Daigle, Mothering magazine contest winner 2006) Breastfeeding is the process of a woman feeding an infant or young child with milk from her breasts. ... A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more embryos or fetuses by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies. ...

Dose

Adults: 250 mg every 8 hours, doubled for severe infections, to a maximum of 4 g daily. Children over 1 month: 20 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses, doubled for severe infections, to a maximum of 1 g daily; or 1 month–1 year, 62.5 mg every 8 hours; 1–5 years, 125 mg; over 5 years, 250 mg; doses doubled for severe infections