Cefdinir
Systematic (IUPAC) name
8-[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-nitroso- ethenyl]amino-4-ethenyl-7-oxo-2-thia-6- azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-4-ene-5-carboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	91832-40-5
ATC code	J01DD15
PubChem	6399253
DrugBank	APRD00644
Chemical data
Formula	C14H13N5O5S2
Mol. weight	395.416 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	16% to 21% (dose-dependent)
Protein binding	60% to 70%
Metabolism	Negligible
Half life	1.7 ± 0.6 hours
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
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Routes	Oral

Cefdinir (marketed by Abbott Laboratories under the brand name Omnicef®) is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic in the third generation of the cephalosporin class, proven effective for common bacterial infections of the ear, sinus, throat, and skin. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December of 1997. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... Abbott Laboratories NYSE: ABT is a diversified pharmaceuticals and health care company. ... This article is about brands in marketing. ... A broad-spectrum antibiotic is so called due to its activity against a wide range of infectious agents. ... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible for regulating food (humans and animal), dietary supplements, drugs (human and animal), cosmetics, medical devices (human and animal) and radiation emitting devices (including non-medical devices), biologics, and...

Mechanism of action

Main article: Cephalosporin

The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ...

Indications

Therapeutic uses of cefdinir include otitis media, soft tissue infections, and respiratory tract infections, including sinusitis, strep throat, community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbations of bronchitis. Otitis media is an inflammation of the middle ear segment of the ear. ... In medicine, the term soft tissue refers to tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body. ... In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy that has to do with the process of respiration or breathing. ... Pneumonia. ... This article is about jesse because he is a dumbass and a fat kid. ...

Susceptible organisms

Cefdinir is a bacteriocidal antibiotic. It can be used to treat infections caused by several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including: A bacteriocide or bactericide is a substance that kills bacteria and, preferably, nothing else. ... Bacteria that are Gram-negative are not stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria. ... Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining, in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which are not affected by the stain. ...

Gram-negative

• Haemophilus influenzae
• Moraxella catarrhalis
• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella spp.
• Proteus mirabilis

Binomial name Haemophilus influenzae (Lehmann & Neumann 1896) Winslow 1917 Haemophilus influenzae, formerly called Pfeiffers bacillus or Bacillus influenzae, is a non-motile Gram-negative coccobacillus first described in 1892 by Dr. Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. ... Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus. ... ... Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, and clinically the most important member of the Klebsiella genus of Enterobacteriaceae. ... Binomial name Proteus mirabilis Hauser 1885 Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. ...

Gram-positive

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Streptococcus pyogenes

Like most third-generation cephalosporins, cefdinir is not an effective treatment against infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Binomial name Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 Staphylococcus aureus (commonly called staph infection) is a spherical bacterium, frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a healthy person, that can cause illnesses ranging from minor skin infections (such as pimples, boils, and cellulitis) and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases... Binomial name Streptococcus pneumoniae (Klein 1884) Chester 1901 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a species of Streptococcus that is a major human pathogen. ... Binomial name Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach 1884 Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium that grows in pairs (diplococci) or short chains depending on the culture method. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria with unipolar motility. ...

Side effects

According to the Omnicef website, side effects include "(...) diarrhea, vaginal infections or inflammation, nausea, headache, and abdominal pain."^[1]

Available forms and dosage

Cefdinir is administered orally. It is available as capsules and a suspension. Dosage, schedule, and duration of therapy varies according to the type of infection. For adults, the average dosage is between 300 and 600 mg per 12 or 24 hour period, for the duration of between 5 and 10 days. Average pediatric dosage is between 7 and 14 mg/kg (schedule and duration the same as adult).

Notes

• Marketed by Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC in MENA region under the brand name Omnicef®

HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC (LSE: HIK) is a multinational pharmaceutical group focused on developing, manufacturing and marketing a broad range of generic and in-licensed pharmaceutical products in solid, semi-solid, liquid and injectable final dosage forms. ... It is alleged that in Roman mythology, Mena was the goddess of menstruation. ...

"Blood" in the Stool

The pediatric version of Omnicef® can bind to iron in the digestive tract. In rare cases, this creates a discoloration of the stool to a rust or red color. Some patients may interpret this as blood in the stool, although in reality blood appears dark brown or black in the stool. A doctor's office can perform a simple stool guaiac test on the stool to confirm that it does not have blood. If you simply wait one hour, the red color will remain red, (while real blood will turn black). Guaiac cards and bottle of developer. ...

On the other hand, if the reddish stool is accompanied by abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, etc., it could be a C. difficile (clostridium difficile) infection caused by the antibiotic. This infection can occur as a result of taking an antibiotic. Talk to your pediatrician immediately to see if you should stop using the antibiotic.

References

Abbott Laboratories NYSE: ABT is a diversified pharmaceuticals and health care company. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

External links

• Omnicef homepage