 A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. Cell metabolism is the process (or really the sum of many ongoing individual processes) by which living cells process nutrient molecules and maintain a living state. Metabolism has two distinct divisions: anabolism, in which a cell uses energy and reducing power to construct complex molecules and perform other life functions such a creating cellular structure; and catabolism, in which a cell breaks down complex molecules to yield energy and reducing power. Cell metabolism involves extremely complex sequences of controlled chemical reactions called metabolic pathways. Download high resolution version (471x617, 66 KB)A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. ...
Download high resolution version (471x617, 66 KB)A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. ...
Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ...
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell, catalyzed by enzymes, to achieve in either the formation of a metabolic product to be used or stored by the cell, or the initiation of another metabolic pathway (then called a flux generating step). ...
Anabolism Main article: Anabolism It has been suggested that Catabolisis be merged into this article or section. ...
Anabolism is a constructive metabolic process whereby energy is consumed to synthesize or combine simpler substances, such as amino acids, into more complex organic compounds, such as enzymes and nucleic acids. Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) in his steelyard balance, from Ars de statica medecina, first published 1614 Metabolism (from μεταβολισμος (metabolismos)) is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. ...
In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ...
An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and gases containing carbon. ...
Neuraminidase ribbon diagram An enzyme (in Greek en = in and zyme = blend) is a protein, or protein complex, that catalyzes a chemical reaction and also controls the 3D orientation of the catalyzed substrates. ...
Schematic diagram of a double-stranded nucleic acid. ...
Catabolism Catabolism is a type of metabolic process occurring in living cells by which complex molecules are broken down to produce energy and reducing power. On balance, catabolic reactions are normally exothermic. nick rocks Exothermic has several meanings, including: In biology, an exothermic or poikilothermic animal is one that requires external sources of heat (usually sunlight) to maintain its internal temperature: for example, reptiles. ...
Carbohydrate catabolism Main article: Carbohydrate catabolism Carbohydrate catabolism is the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller units. ...
Carbohydrate catabolism is the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller units. The empirical formula for carbohydrates, like that of their monomer counterparts, is CX(H2YOY). Carbohydrates literally undergo combustion to retrieve the large amounts of energy in their bonds. Read more about mitochondria to find out more about the reaction and how its energy is secured in ATP. Mitochondria structure : 1) Inner membrane 2) Outer membrane 3) Crista 4) Matrix In cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) (from Greek mitos thread + khondrion granule) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. ...
Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ...
Fat catabolism Main article: Fat catabolism Fatty acids are an important source of energy for many organisms. ...
Fat catabolism, also known as lipid catabolism, is the process of lipids or phospholipids being broken down by lipases. The opposite of fat catabolism is fat anabolism, involving the storage of energy, and the building of membranes. A lipase is an enzyme whose principal substrate is a lipid. ...
Fat anabolism is the production of fat, usually involving the storage of energy. ...
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Protein catabolism Main article: Protein catabolism Protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and simple derivative compounds, for transport into the cell through the plasma membrane and ultimately for the polymerisation into new proteins via the use of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and ribosomes. ...
Protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and simple derivative compounds, for transport into the cell through the plasma membrane and ultimately for the polymerisation into new proteins via the use of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and ribosomes. In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ...
Drawing of a cell membrane A component of every biological cell, the cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that envelopes the cell. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of covalently bound nucleotides. ...
Figure 1: Ribosome structure indicating small subunit (A) and large subunit (B). ...
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