Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophages and natural killer cells, the production of antigen-specific cytotoxicT-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. Cellular immunity protects the body by: A request has been made on Wikipedia for this article to be deleted in accordance with the deletion policy. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Macrophages (Greek: big eaters) are cells found in tissues that are responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris. ... Natural killer cells (also known as NK cells, K cells, and killer cells) are a type of lymphocyte (a white blood cell) and a component of innate immune defense. ... An antigen is a substance that stimulates an immune response, especially the production of antibodies. ... Cytotoxicity is the quality of being poisonous to cells. ... T cells are a subset of lymphocytes that play a large role in the immune response. ... Cytokines are small protein molecules that are the core of communication between immune system cells, and even between immune system cells and cells belonging to other tissue types. ...
activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are able to lyse body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens;
activating macrophages and natural killer cells, enabling them to destroy intracellular pathogens; and
stimulating cells to secrete a variety of cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses.
Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells. It is most effective in removing virus-infected cells, but also participates in defending against fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in transplant rejection. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) A bacteriophage virus A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic particle that infects cells in biological organisms. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... A phagocyte is a cell that ingests (and destroys) foreign matter, such as microorganisms or debris via a process known as phagocytosis, in which these cells ingest and kill offending cells by cellular digestion. ... A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ... Protozoa (in Greek protos = first and zoon = animal) are single-celled creatures with nuclei that show some characteristics usually associated with animals, most notably mobility and heterotrophy. ... When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... Transplant rejection occurs when the immune system of the recipient of an transplant attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. ...
Folate receptor-targeted immunotherapy: induction of humoral and cellularimmunity against hapten-decorated cancer cells.
We report that the dependence of therapeutic efficacy on folate-hapten concentration is bimodal, suggesting that the conjugate must bridge between a cell surface FR and an antihapten IgG in order to mediate killing.
Studies with cancer cells in vitro further demonstrate that folate-fluorescein-marked tumor cells are killed primarily by antibody-dependent cellularcytotoxicity and phagocytosis, with no contribution from complement-dependent mechanisms.
Immunity is really the result of our experience, of having gone through, along with our cellularimmune system, an active process (the combat in the metaphor) of learning and strengthening.
This would mean that in order to produce genuine cellularimmunity, a vaccination would have to reproduce the experience of the illness, causing some of the same signs and symptoms, though milder, that are caused by the illness.
This immunity probably coincides with the length of time that the exercised "muscle" of the cellularimmune system remains strengthened from its labor of discharging the single cow pock resulting from the vaccination.
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