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Censorship in the United Kingdom has a long history with variously stringent and lax laws in place at different times.

George Orwell

George Orwell wrote several articles on censorship including an item titled The Freedom of the Press in 1943. It appears that this was a preface for his book Animal Farm, but it is unclear if it was deliberately suppressed or if Orwell himself chose not to publish it. Eric Arthur Blair (June 25, 1903[1][2] – January 21, 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ... Censorship is the editing, removing, or otherwise changing speech and other forms of human expression. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Animal Farm is a satirical novella (which can also be understood as a modern fable or allegory) by George Orwell, ostensibly about a group of animals who oust the humans from the farm on which they live. ...

Any fairminded person with journalistic experience will admit that during this war official censorship has not been particularly irksome. We have not been subjected to the kind of totalitarian ‘co-ordination’ that it might have been reasonable to expect. The press has some justified grievances, but on the whole the Government has behaved well and has been surprisingly tolerant of minority opinions. The sinister fact about literary censorship in England is that it is largely voluntary.^[1].

Orwell went on to suggest that because both the UK and the USSR were both members of the Allied powers at the time, this self-censorship was preventing valid criticism of the Communist regime. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis Powers during the Second World War. ...

Obscenity law

An Obscenity law in England and Wales is currently governed by the various Obscene Publications Acts, but obscenity laws go back much further into the English common law. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... This article is about the country. ... Since 1857, a series of obscenity laws known as the Obscene Publications Acts have governed what can be published. ... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...

The conviction in 1727 of Edmund Curll for the publication of Venus in the Cloister or The Nun in her Smock under the common law offence of disturbing the King's peace was the first conviction for obscenity in Great Britain, and set a legal precedent for other convictions.^[2] Events 1727 to 1800 - Lt. ... Edmund Curll (1675 - December 11, 1747) was an English bookseller and publisher. ... The Nun in her Smock or Venus in the Cloister is the English translation of the French novel Vénus dans le Cloître (1683), ascribed to Abbé du Prat. ... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... Disturbing Tha Peace (DTP) is a rap crew from Atlanta which is comprised of Ludacris, Shawnna, I-20, Tity Boi, Lil Fate, Jay Cee and St. ... In English law, the Queens peace (or Kings peace, when a male is on the throne) is the peaceful, violence-free state that the realm should endure in at all times. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Precedent is the principle in law of using the past in order to assist in current interpretation and decision-making. ...

These common law ideas of obscenity formed the original basis of obscenity law in other common law states, such as the United States. For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ...

A defence against the charge of obscenity on the grounds of literary merit was introduced in the 1959 Obscene Publications Act. The OPA was tested in the high-profile obscenity trial brought against Penguin Books for publishing Lady Chatterley's Lover (by D. H. Lawrence) in 1960. The book was found to have merit, and Penguin Books was found not guilty — a ruling which granted far more freedom to publish explicit material.^[3] Literary Merit a written text has Liteary Merit if it is a work of quality, that is if it has some aesthetic value. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Since 1857, a series of obscenity laws known as the Obscene Publications Acts have governed what can be published. ... Penguin Books is a British publisher founded in 1935 by Allen Lane. ... Lady Chatterleys Lover is a novel by D. H. Lawrence written in 1928. ... D.H. Lawrence at age 21 (1906) David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an important and controversial English writer of the 20th century, with his output spanning novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, paintings, translations, literary criticism and personal letters. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

R18-rated videos are only available in licensed sex shops, but hardcore pornographic magazines are available in newsagents in some places. There is a substantial overlap between legal erotic literature and illegal pornography, with the distinction traditionally made in the English-speaking courts on the basis of perceived literary merit. Purely textual pornography has not been prosecuted since the Inside Linda Lovelace trial of 1976.^[4] Child pornography and bestiality are illegal under the Sexual Offences Act 2003. In late August 2005, the government announced that it plans to criminalize possession of extreme pornographic material, rather than just publication.^[5] Computer and video games are generally exempt from the Video Recordings Act; however, those depicting sexual content, or gross violence towards people or animals, must still be submitted to the British Board of Film Classification for consideration. Games can be banned in this way (as was Carmageddon in 1997^[6]). The R18 certificate represents a film or video classification given by the British Board of Film Classification. ... Erotic literature is a literary genre that either takes the form of erotica written to arouse the reader, or to give instruction in sexual technique. ... For other uses, see Pornography (disambiguation). ... Literary Merit a written text has Liteary Merit if it is a work of quality, that is if it has some aesthetic value. ... Linda Susan Boreman, better known by her stage name Linda Lovelace (January 10, 1949 - April 22, 2002), was a pornographic actress in the 1972 film Deep Throat, who went on to leave the pornography industry and became a spokeswoman for the anti-pornography movement. ... Child pornography refers to pornography depicting minors. ... Look up Bestiality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Sexual Offences Act 2003 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, passed in 2003. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Extreme Pornography is a term introduced by the UK Government to refer to pornography depicting acts of serious violence, necrophilia or bestiality. ... It has been suggested that Multiplayer game be merged into this article or section. ... The Video Recordings Act is a UK Act of Parliament that was passed into law in 1984. ... British Board of Film Classification logo The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for film and some video game classification and censorship within the United Kingdom. ... Carmageddon is the first of a series of graphically violent driving-oriented video games produced by Stainless Software, published by Interplay and SCi. ...

Almost all adult stores in the UK are forbidden from having their goods in open-shop windows, which means the shop fronts are often boarded up or covered in posters. A warning sign must be clearly shown at the entrance to the store, and no items can be visible from the street. No customer can be under eighteen years old. The Ann Summers chain of lingerie and sex shops recently won the right to advertise for workers in job centres, which was originally banned under restrictions on what advertising could be carried out by the sex industry.^[7][8] Front window of a Tokyo sex shop advertising adult toys A sex shop is a shop that sells products such as sex toys, pornography, erotic lingerie, erotic books, and safer sex products such as condoms and dental dams. ... The company logo. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Logo of Jobcentre Plus Jobcentre Plus (Welsh: Canolfan Byd Gwaith), sometimes written JobCentre Plus or abbreviated to JCP, is the government-funded employment agency facility and the social security office in the United Kingdom, often operated from a high street shop. ... The sex industry is the term given to the industry formed of commercial enterprises which employ men and women in various capacities, generally relating to what is described as adult entertainment or erotica, as it comprises a number of forms of entertainment not considered suitable for children. ...

Libel law

England and Wales have relatively strict libel laws ("defamation" in Scotland) in that they are often considered pro plaintiff with the defendant asked to prove that they did not commit libel. Compensation awards for libel are also unlimited, in contrast to those for personal injury. Further controversy surrounds the libel laws with regard to costs. Libel cases are notoriously expensive to bring to court for both parties, legal aid is not available. Whilst costs can be awarded the ability to bring libel cases is often considered to be restricted to the wealthy. Conversely it is possible to initiate a "no win - no fee" case against a wealthy individual or organisation if the individual bringing the case has insignificant assets as even if the case is lost the wealthy individual or organisation are unable to recover their costs. Typically in such cases an out of court settlement is forced upon the wealthy individual or organisation. In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I...

The pro-plaintiff bias in the UK libel laws has two consequences. The first is that powerful parties in the UK and around the world use UK libel laws to attack their critiques living in other countries than the UK (see the example with the US based health activist Joseph Mercola in the section about Internet censorship below). The second is that books published in for example the United States are not sold in the UK by the publisher for fear of libel suits. Two examples are: “House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World's Two Most Powerful Dynasties”, by Craig Unger (Scribner, 2004, ISBN: 074325337X) and, “Into the Buzzsaw: Leading Journalists Expose the Myth of a Free Press”, editor Kristina Borjesson (Prometheus Books, 2002, ISBN: 1573929727)

Blasphemy law

Main article: Blasphemy law in the United Kingdom

Blasphemy against Christianity has long been an important part of British censorship. It is uncertain whether the common law offence of blasphemous libel still exists; it was confirmed to be still active as of 1977 in the "Gay News" case Whitehouse v. Lemon, but more recent developments may put the continued viability of blasphemy prosecutions in doubt.^[9] This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article is becoming very long. ... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... Blasphemous libel is a common law criminal offence in the United Kingdom. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Whitehouse v. ...

Critics have claimed that the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 could hinder freedom of speech.^[10][11] Leaders of major religions and race groups^{[citation needed]} (with the exception of some muslim groups), as well as non-religious groups such as the National Secular Society^[12] and English PEN^[13] spoke out in order to campaign against the Bill. Comedians and satirists also fear prosecution for their work.^[14][10] The Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (citation 2006 c. ... The National Secular Society is an organisation of the United Kingdom which promotes secularism. ... A ballpoint pen A pen is a writing instrument which applies ink to a surface, paper. ... A comedian, or comic, is an entertainer who amuses an audience by making them laugh. ... List of satirists below - writers, cartoonists and others known for their involvement in satire - humourous social criticism. ...

Indecency vs. obscenity

The terms "indecency" and "obscenity" are often used in the English language as if they were synonyms, or as if "obscenity" was a stronger form of "indecency". English law now appears only to use the word "obscenity" to refer to speech and other works, and to use the word "indecency" to relate non-consensual physical exposure or sexual offences against the person, as in "gross indecency". A dictionary definition of Indecent not conforming with accepted standards of behaviour or morality. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... English law is a formal term of art that describes the law for the time being in force in England and Wales. ...

National security

There are several Acts of the United Kingdom Parliament for the protection of official information, mainly related to national security. The latest revision is the Official Secrets Act 1989^[15] (1989 chapter 6), which removed the public interest defence by repealing section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911. In 2004, a memo containing details of a possible US bombing of broadcaster Al Jazeera was leaked to the press. Attorney General Peter Goldsmith has warned newspapers that they could be prosecuted under the Official Secrets Act if they publish the contents of the memo, saying "You are reminded that to publish the contents of a document which is known to have been unlawfully disclosed by a crown servant is in itself a breach of section 5 of the Official Secrets Act 1989".^[16][17][18] In Westminster System parliaments, an Act of Parliament is a part of the law passed by the Parliament. ... The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ... Security measures taken to protect the Houses of Parliament in London, England. ... Official Secrets Act warning sign, Foulness. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Al Jazeera bombing memo is an unpublished memorandum made within the British government which purports to be the minutes of a discussion between United States President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Tony Blair. ... Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ... Peter Henry Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith, PC, is the current Attorney General of England and Wales. ...

The Terrorism Act 2006 makes it an offense to "glorify" terrorism.^[19] There are concerns that this could limit free speech.^[20][21][22] Charles Clarke as former Home Secretary held primary responsibility for the Terrorism Bill The Terrorism Act is a UK Act made law on March 30, 2006, after being introduced on October 12, 2005. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ...

DA-Notices are official but voluntary requests to news editors not to publish items on specified subjects, for reasons of national security.^[23] In Britain, a DA-Notice (called D Notice until 1993) is an official request to news editors not to publish items on specified subjects, for reasons of national security. ...

Prior restraint

Beyond obscenity law, there have been a number of organizations whose main function was to approve material prior to distribution.

Plays and theatres had long been licensed by the Crown prior to 1737. Licensure of a playhouse, however, only gave a general patent. The crown had no ability to censor before acting of plays. Under the provisions of the Theatrical Licensing Act of 1737 as extended by the Theatres Act of 1843, the Lord Chamberlain's Office was able to censor plays until 1968. The Licensing Act or Theatrical Licensing Act of 1737 was a landmark act of censorship of the British stage. ... The Lord Chamberlains Office is a department within the British Royal Household. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...

The British Board of Film Classification is the de facto film censor for films in Britain;^[24] since films not rated by the BBFC cannot be shown in most cinemas, or distributed as videos or DVDs, lack of BBFC approval generally makes productions of such films uneconomic. British Board of Film Classification logo The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for film and some video game classification and censorship within the United Kingdom. ...

• In the case of films shown in cinemas, local authorities have the final legal say about who can watch a particular film. Almost always local authorities accept the Board's recommendation for a certificate for a film.
• Under the Video Recording Act 1984, all video recordings must be classified by an authority chosen by the Home Secretary. This classification is then legally binding. Since the introduction of the Act, the BBFC has been the chosen authority.

The Broadcast Advertising Clearance Centre pre-approves most British television advertising^[25] (under Ofcom rules, other broadcasters can also approve their own advertising content, but most rely on the BACC). The Video Recordings Act is a UK Act of Parliament that was passed into law in 1984. ... The Broadcast Advertising Clearance Centre (BACC) is a quango which pre-approves most British television advertising. ... // Ofcom was designed to be a super regulator, required in an age where many media platforms are converging. ...

The Advertising Standards Authority is the regulatory advertising body. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is the independent British self regulatory organisation (SRO) of the advertising industry. ...

The advent of the Internet access has made the act of censorship more difficult, and there has been a relaxation of censorship in recognition of this. BBFC guidelines have been relaxed further to allow the limited distribution of hardcore pornography under an R18 certificate, partially because of this, and partially because of a recognition that public attitudes have changed. Further confirmation of this change in attitude was provided by the French film Baise-moi, which was given an 18 certificate despite showing scenes of actual sex. Jenna Jameson with Savanna Samson in a classic hardcore porn movie, The New Devil In Miss Jones (2005) Hardcore pornography is a form of pornography that features explicit sexual acts. ... The R18 certificate represents a film or video classification given by the British Board of Film Classification. ... The cover of the UK edition of the film shows that the film used its notoriety as a marketing ploy Baise-moi is a book first published in 1999 and authored by Virginie Despentes. ...

Ofcom is now the regulatory body for UK television, radio, and telecommunications services.^[26] Ofcom exerts its powers under the Communications Act 2003. The government's new requirements for Ofcom only require it to ensure adherence to "generally accepted standards" and prevention of harm, removing the former requirement to adhere to standards of "taste and decency". // Ofcom was designed to be a super regulator, required in an age where many media platforms are converging. ... See also the Communications Act 2003 (Nigeria). ...

Worldwide Press Freedom Index, published by Reporters Without Borders, gave the United Kingdom a score of 5.17, making it 24th.^[27] Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF) is a French origin international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press, founded by its current general-secretary, Robert Menard. ...

Self-regulation of publication

A number of industries carry out what is known as self-regulation. Self-regulation seeks to keep content within the bounds of what is publicly acceptable, thus preventing government intervention to bring about official regulation. Some of the areas they are concerned about include obscenity, slander and libel. There is no clear line between self-regulation in matters of expression and self-censorship. Social Cognitive Perspective: Zimmerman et al specified three important characteristics: self-observation (monitoring ones activities); self-judgement (self-evaluation of ones performance) and self-reactions (reactions to performance outcomes) Cognitive Processing Perspective Winne & Marx posited that motivational thoughts and beliefs are governed by the basic principles of cognitive... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... Self-censorship is the act of censoring and/or classifying ones own book(s), film(s), or other kind of art to avoid offending others without an authority pressuring them to do so. ...

Industry self-regulatory bodies include the Advertising Standards Authority and the Press Complaints Commission. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is the independent British self regulatory organisation (SRO) of the advertising industry. ... The Press Complaints Commission is a British organisation that has regulated printed newspapers and magazines since 1990. ...

Internet censorship

British Telecommunications offers an ISP service called Cleanfeed which uses data provided by the Internet Watch Foundation to identify pages believed to contain indecent photographs of children. ^[28][29] When such a page is found, the system creates a 'URL not found page' error rather than deliver the actual page or a warning page. BT Group plc (formerly British Telecommunications plc) which trades as BT (and previously as British Telecom) is the privatised UK state telecommunications operator. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: it is patent nonsense. ... About the IWF The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) was formed in 1996 following an agreement between the government, police and the internet service provider industry that a partnership approach was needed to tackle the distribution of child abuse images (often referred to as child pornography) online. ...

In 2003, after the murder of Jane Longhurst by a man who claimed to have an obsession with Internet pornography, ^[30] the family campaigned to tighten laws regarding pornography on the Internet and have gained support such that possession may become illegal. ^[31] Extreme pornography could now become illegal. ^[5] The government has begun to crack down on sites depicting rape, strangulation, torture and necrophilia. ^[32][33] Jane Longhurst was a special needs teacher from Brighton who was murdered on 14 March 2003; she was 31. ... Internet pornography is pornography that is distributed via the Internet, primarily via websites, peer-to-peer file sharing, or Usenet newsgroups. ... Due to the international nature of the Internet, Internet pornography carries with it special issues with regard to the law. ...

In Scotland, 2004, a committee of Members of the Scottish Parliament has backed a call to ban adult pornography as the Equal Opportunities Committee supported a petition claiming links between porn and sexual crimes and violence against women and children. ^[34] A spokeswoman said "While we have no plans to legislate we will, of course, continue to monitor the situation." Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) (Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba (BPA) in Gaelic) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament. ...

The new Home Office Minister Vernon Croaker has set a deadline of the end of 2007 for all ISPs to implement a “cleanfeed”-style network level content blocking platform.^[35][36] Currently, the only websites ISPs are expected to block access to are sites the Internet Watch Foundation has identified as containing images of child pornography. ^[29] However such a platform is capable of blocking access to any website added to the list (at least, to the extent that the implementation is effective), making it a simple matter to change this policy in future. The Home Office has previously indicated that it has considered requiring ISPs to block access to articles on the web deemed to be “glorifying terrorism”, within the meaning of the new Terrorism Act 2006, saying "However, our legislation as drafted provides the flexibility to accommodate a change in Government policy should the need ever arise."^[35] The measures have been criticised for being inadequate as they only block accidental viewing and does not prevent content delivered through encrypted systems, file sharing, email and other systems.^[37] The modern concept of Small Office and Home Office or SoHo , or Small or Home Office deals with the category of business which can be from 1 to 10 workers. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: it is patent nonsense. ... About the IWF The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) was formed in 1996 following an agreement between the government, police and the internet service provider industry that a partnership approach was needed to tackle the distribution of child abuse images (often referred to as child pornography) online. ... Child pornography refers to pornography depicting minors. ... Charles Clarke as former Home Secretary held primary responsibility for the Terrorism Bill The Terrorism Act is a UK Act made law on March 30, 2006, after being introduced on October 12, 2005. ...

Lawyers representing the british chemical firm Tate & Lyle PLC, manufacturer of the artificial sweetener Sucralose, have used UK libel laws to force the US-based health activist Joseph Mercola to block internet access from the United Kingdom of articles critical at the health hazards from Sucralose on his web site. Users in the UK trying to access the Sucralose article ^[38] or any other page mentioning Sucralose on the Mercola web site get an message with the text: 'Attorneys acting on behalf of the manufacturers of sucralose, Tate & Lyle PLC based in London, England, have requested that the information contained on this page not be made available to Internet users in England.' A tin of Lyles Golden Syrup Tate & Lyle PLC is a UK based multinational food manufacturer and is listed on the London Stock Exchange under the symbol TATE. It is a major producer of refined sugar, starches, animal feed and other food ingredients with global operations. ... Diagram illustrating structure of the sucralose molecule Sucralose is an artificial sweetener known by the trade name Splenda. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

There have been concerns over the increasing amount of internet regulation and fears that the Internet may become more restricted in future. ^[39][40]

See also: Internet censorship

Countries where the free flow of information is restricted. ...

Cases

In 1985, the British government attempted to ban the book Spycatcher by MI5 officer Peter Wright because of the sensitive material it contained.^[41] Several British newspapers attempted to report on its principal allegations but were served with gag orders. They persisted and were tried for contempt of court. 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Spycatcher is a book by the former MI5 secret service operative Peter Wright. ... Current MI5 headquarters in Thames House, London The Security Service, usually called MI5, is the British counter-intelligence and security agency. ... See also Peter Wright (rugby player) and Pete Wright (musician) Peter Wright (born on August 9, 1916 in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, United Kingdom - died April 27, 1995 in Tasmania, Australia) was a former MI5 counterintelligence officer noted for writing the controversial book Spycatcher (ISBN 0670820555), which was part memoir, part expos... A gag order is an order, sometimes a legal order by a court or government, other times a private order by an employer or other institution, restricting information or comment from being made public. ... Contempt of court is a court ruling which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, deems an individual as holding contempt for the court, its process, and its invested powers. ...

In 1922, the novel Ulysses by James Joyce was banned in the United Kingdom when it was declared obscene.^[42] 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Ulysses is a 1922 novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from 1918 to 1920, and published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. ... James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (Irish Seamus Seoighe; 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish writer and poet, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. ...

D. H. Lawrence's novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover, was banned in the UK until a celebrated Obscenity trial in 1960. D.H. Lawrence at age 21 (1906) David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an important and controversial English writer of the 20th century, with his output spanning novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, paintings, translations, literary criticism and personal letters. ... Lady Chatterleys Lover is a novel by D. H. Lawrence written in 1928. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

In 2003, a poster by Ann Summers was banned following complaints that it was degrading to women.^[43] 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The company logo. ...

See also

• Freedom of the Press
• International Freedom of Expression Exchange - Monitoring censorship in the UK
• Areopagitica: A speech of Mr John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England

Freedom of the press (or press freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public press for its citizens and their associations, extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. ... International Freedom of Expression eXchange. ... Areopagitica: A speech of Mr John Milton for the liberty of unlicenced printing to the Parliament of England is a prose tract or polemic by John Milton, published November 23, 1644, at the height of the English Civil War. ...

References

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

External links

• Time Delay.tv - Broadcast Censorship
• Edmund Curll and his prosecutions
• Liberty guide to the Obscene Publications Act
• Theatrical Bill Inspectors and the Licensing Act of 1737
• UK laws regarding prostitution updated for 2006
• Ofcom website
• OfWatch: a site critical of Ofcom
• The Melon Farmers: anti-censorship website
• Index on Censorship: quarterly UK publication of intelligent writing about censorship and free speech
• Failures in a Hybrid Content Blocking System by Richard Clayton, 2005 (technical analysis of Cleanfeed)