Opening day ceremonies at the Centennial Exhibition

The Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first official world's fair in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia. It was officially the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine. It was held in Fairmount Park, along the Schuylkill River. The fairgrounds were designed by Hermann Schwarzmann. About 10 million visitors attended, equivalent to about 20% of the population of the United States at the time (though many were repeat visitors). Image File history File links Centennial_Exhibition,_Opening_Day. ... Image File history File links Centennial_Exhibition,_Opening_Day. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ... Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love continue Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government  - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area  - City 369. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... A copy of the 1823 William J. Stone reproduction of the Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies were independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... Depending upon the criteria, Fairmount Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is the largest municipal public park in the world at over 9,100 acres (37 km²). This figure includes all parkland within the city limits, as all 65 city parks are considered part of Fairmount Park and overseen by the Fairmount... The Schuylkill River, pronounced SKOO-kull (IPA: ), is a river in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ...

Planning

The idea of the Centennial Exposition is credited to John L. Campbell, a professor of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana.^[1] In December 1866, Campbell first suggested to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's mayor that the United States Centennial be celebrated with an exposition in Philadelphia. The idea had detractors. There was concern that the project would not be able to find funding, whether other nations would attend and that if they did, would the United States' exhibitions be able stand up against foreign exhibits. Despite the concerns the plan moved forward.^[2] Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature, known in Latin as philosophia naturalis, is a term applied to the objective study of nature and the physical universe that was regnant before the development of modern science. ... Wabash College is a small private liberal arts college for men, located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. ... Crawfordsville is a city in Montgomery County, Indiana, United States. ... Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love continue Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government  - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area  - City 369. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... The United States Centennial was on July 4, 1876. ... Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ...

The Franklin Institute became an early supporter of the exposition and asked the Philadelphia City Council for use of Fairmount Park. In January 1870 the City Council resolved to hold the Centennial Exposition in the city in 1876. Both Philadelphia City Council and the Pennsylvania General Assembly created a committee to study the project and seek support of the U.S. Congress. Congressman William D. Kelley spoke for the city and state and Daniel Johnson Morrell introduced a bill to create a United States Centennial Commission. The bill, which passed on March 3, 1871, provided that the U.S. government would not be liable for any expenses. Franklin Institute Front steps as seen from the adjacent Moore College This article is about the science museum in Philadelphia. ... City Hall from postcard, c. ... Depending upon the criteria, Fairmount Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is the largest municipal public park in the world at over 9,100 acres (37 km²). This figure includes all parkland within the city limits, as all 65 city parks are considered part of Fairmount Park and overseen by the Fairmount... Capitol Building The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the U.S. state of Pennsylvanias legislative branch, seated at the states capital, Harrisburg. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups (as of November 7, 2006 elections) Democratic Party Republican... William D. Kelley (April 12, 1814 - January 9, 1890) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. ... Daniel Johnson Morrell Daniel Johnson Morrell (August 8, 1821–August 20, 1885) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. ... A bill is a proposed new law introduced within a legislature that has not been ratified, adopted, or received assent. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Joseph R. Hawley

The United States Centennial Commission organized on March 3, 1872 with Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut as president. The Centennial Commission's commissioners were made up of one representative from each state and territory in the United States.^[1] On June 1, 1872 Congress created a Centennial Board of Finance to help raise money. John Welsh, who had experience raising funds for The Great Sanitary Fair in 1864, was the named board's president.^[2] The Centennial Board of Finance was authorized to sell up to US$10 million in stock via US$10 shares. The board sold US$1,784,320 worth of shares by February 22, 1873. Philadelphia contributed US$1.5 million and Pennsylvania gave US$1 million. On February 11, 1876 Congress appropriated US$1.5 million in a loan. Originally the Centennial Board of Finance thought it was a subsidy, but after the Centennial ended, the government sued for the money back. The United States Supreme Court would later force the commission to repay the government. John Welsh enlisted help from the women of Philadelphia who had helped him previously in The Great Sanitary Fair. A Women's Centennial Executive Committee was eventually formed with Elizabeth Duane Gillespie, a descendant of Benjamin Franklin, as president. In its first few months the group raised US$40,000. When the group learned the planning commission was not doing much to display the work of women, the group raised US$30,000 for a women's exhibition building.^[3] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2305x2750, 473 KB) (This summary was created using Commons SumItUp) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Centennial Exposition Joseph Roswell Hawley ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2305x2750, 473 KB) (This summary was created using Commons SumItUp) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Centennial Exposition Joseph Roswell Hawley ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Joseph Roswell Hawley ( October 31, 1826 - March 17, 1905), American political leader, was born at Stewartsville, Richmond county, North Carolina, where his father, a native of Connecticut, was pastor of a Baptist church. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... A loan is a type of debt. ... In economics, a subsidy is generally a monetary grant given by a government to lower the price faced by producers or consumers of a good, generally because it is considered to be in the public interest. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ...

In 1873 the Centennial Commission named Alfred T. Goshorn as the director general of Exposition. The Fairmount Park Commission set aside 450 acres of West Fairmount Park for the exposition which was dedicated on July 4, 1873^[3] by Secretary of the Navy George M. Robeson. Newspaper publisher, John W. Forney, agreed to head and pay for a Philadelphia commission sent to Europe to invite nations to exhibit at the exposition. Despite fears of a European boycott and high American tariffs making foreign goods not worthwhile, no European country declined the invitation.^[4] Alfred Traber Goshorn (July 15, 1833 – 1902) was a Cincinnati, Ohio businessman and booster who served as Director-General of the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Flag of the United States Secretary of the Navy. ... George Maxwell Robeson (1829–1897) was a New Jersey lawyer and politician who served as a Union general during the Civil War, and then as Secretary of the Navy during the Grant administration. ... Born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on September 30 1817, John W. Forney was the US Secretary of the Senate from July 15, 1861 - June 4, 1868. ... A tariff is a tax on foreign goods. ...

To accommodate people visiting the city for the Exposition, temporary hotels were constructed near the Centennial's grounds. A Centennial Lodging-House Agency made a list of rooms in hotels, boarding houses and private homes and then sold tickets for the available rooms in cities promoting the Centennial or on trains heading for Philadelphia. Also to accommodate crowds, streetcar lines increased service and the Pennsylvania Railroad ran special trains from Philadelphia's Market Street, New York City, Baltimore and Pittsburgh. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad also ran special trains from the Center City part of Philadelphia. A small hospital was built on the Exposition's grounds by the Centennial's Medical Bureau, but besides a heat wave during the summer no mass deaths or epidemics occurred.^[5] Dariush Grand Hotel,Kish island, Iran The 4-star Manor House Hotel at Castle Combe, Wiltshire, England. ... Boarding House is a privately owned house,in which individuals or families on vaccation, holidays, deputition,transfered on temporary duties, on some particular training,short&mediun tenure visitors,working professionals & lodgers,rent one or more rooms sets for one or more nights,sometimes for extended periods of weeks, months and... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ... Market Street Market Street, originally known as High Street, is a major east-west street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Nickname: Motto: The Greatest City in America,[4] Get in on it. ... Nickname: Motto: Benigno Numine (With the Benevolent Deity) Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Allegheny Founded November 25, 1758 Incorporated April 22, 1794 (borough)   March 18, 1816 (city) Government  - Mayor Luke Ravenstahl (D) Area  - City 151. ... 1923 map The Reading Company (AAR reporting marks RDG), usually called the Reading Railroad, and officially known as the Philadelphia and Reading Rail Road and then the Philadelphia and Reading Railway until 1924, operated in southeast Pennsylvania and neighboring states. ... Center City District, highlighted on a map of Philadelphia County. ... For the record label, see Hospital Records. ... Temperature difference in Europe from the average during the European heat wave of 2003 A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity. ...

Structures

There were more than 200 building constructed within Exposition's grounds which was surrounded by a fence nearly three miles long.^[6] The Centennial Commission sponsored a design competition for the principal buildings. There were two rounds, winners of the first round had have details such as construction cost and time prepared for the runoff on September 20, 1873. After the four design winners were chosen, it was determined that none of them allowed for enough time for construction and limited finances. An architectural design competition is a special type of competition in which an organization or government body that plans to build a new (often public) building asks for architects to enter differing designs for the building. ... September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The Centennial Tower- a 1,000 foot tall tower imagined in 1874 by the engineers Clarke and Reeves for the 1876 Exposition, it was featured in the January 24, 1874 edition of Scientific American but never built.

The Centennial Commission turned to engineers Henry Pettit and Joseph M. Wilson for design and construction of the Main Exhibition Building. A temporary structure, the Main Building was the largest building in the world covering twenty-one and a half acres.^[4] The building was constructed using prefabricated parts, and took eighteen months to complete. The building was made of a wood and iron frame resting on 672 stone piers. Glass was used between the frames to allow in light. Inside, the central avenue was 120 ft wide, 1,832 ft long and 75 ft high. 75 ft tall towers sat at each of the buildings corners. Exhibits from the United States were placed in the center of the building and foreign exhibits were placed around the center based on the nation's distance from the United States. Exhibits inside the Main Building dealt with mining, metallurgy, manufacturing, education and science.^[7] Right to the west of the Main Building was Machinery Hall. Machinery Hall was also designed by Pettit and Wilson and was similarly designed except that the building's frame was just made of wood. The building, which took six months to construct, was the second largest building at the Exposition and was 1,402 ft long and 360 ft wide. There was a 208 ft by 210 ft wing attached on the south side of the building. Exhibits displayed at Machinery Hall revolved around machines and industry.^[8] The third largest structure at the Centennial was Agricultural Hall. Designed by James Windrim, Agricultural Hall was 820 ft long and 540 ft wide. Made of wood and glass, the building was designed to look like various barn structures pieced together. The building's exhibits included products and machines in agriculture and other related businesses.^[9] Image File history File links The_Centennial_Tower_Philadelphia_1876. ... Image File history File links The_Centennial_Tower_Philadelphia_1876. ... Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Chuquicamata, the largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. ... Manufacturing is the application of tools and a processing medium to the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale. ... A barn in southern Ontario, Canada A gambrel-roofed barn in Wisconsin A barn in Poland A Thomas Ranck Round Barn in Fayette County, Indiana A barn (bawrn) is an agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace. ...

Unlike most of the buildings constructed for the Exposition, Horticultural Hall was meant to be permanent. Horticultural Hall was designed by Hermann J. Schwarzmann. Schwarzmann, an engineer for the Fairmount Park Commission, had never designed a building before. Horticultural Hall had an iron and glass frame on a brick and marble foundation and was and was 383 ft long, 193 ft wide and 68 ft tall.^[10] The building was styled after Moorish architecture and designed as a tribute to The Crystal Palace from London's Great Exhibition. The building's exhibits specialized in horticulture and after the Exposition it continued to exhibit plants until it was badly damaged by Hurricane Hazel in 1954 and was demolished.^[6] Interior of the Mezquita, Cordoba Moorish architecture is a term used to describe the Islamic architecture of North Africa and parts of Spain and Portugal where the Moors were dominant from 711C.E. to 1492C.E.. The best surviving examples are La Mezquita in Cordoba and the Alhambra palace[1... The 1851 Great Exhibition in Hyde Park . ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Great Exhibition in Hyde Park 1851. ... Concern has been expressed that this article or section is missing information about: horticulture as used in anthropology, a label for agriculture as used in small-scale societies. ... Lowest pressure ≤937 mbar (hPa)[1] Damage $381+ million (1954 USD)[2] $3–5 billion (2005 USD) Fatalities 600 – 1,200 direct Areas affected Grenada, Haiti, Bahamas, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Toronto and southern and eastern Ontario Part of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane...

Also designed by Hermann J. Schwarzmann, Memorial Hall is made of brick, glass, iron and granite. The building is 365 ft by 210 ft and 150 ft tall at the top of the building's most distinctive feature, an iron and glass dome. The top of the dome is adored with a twenty-three foot tall statue of Columbia. Memorial Hall's was designed in beaux-arts style and housed the art exhibits. The Centennial received so much art contributions a separate annex was built to house it all. Another building was built for the display of photography.^[11] After the Exposition, Memorial Hall reopened in 1877 as the Pennsylvania Museum of the School of Industrial Art. In 1928 the school moved to another location and became the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The building continued to house art afterwards and was taken over by the Fairmount Park Commission in 1958.^[12] The building was later used as a police station and is now being renovated to house the Please Touch Museum which will open in Memorial Hall in 2008.^[4][13] This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Beaux-Arts architecture[1] denotes the academic classical architectural style that was taught at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. ... The Philadelphia Museum of Art, located at the west end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphias Fairmount Park, was founded in 1876 in conjunction with the Centennial Exposition of the same year and is now among the largest and most important art museums in the United States. ...

The British buildings were extensive and among other things showed to America the evolved bicycle with Tension Spokes and a large front wheel. Two english manufactures displayed their high wheel bikes (called "Ordinary bikes" or slang "penny farthings") at the Exposition: Bayless Thomas and Rudge. It was these displays which caused Col. A Pope to decide to begin making high wheel bikes in the USA. He started the Columbia Bike Company and within a few years was publishing a journal "LAW Bulletin and Good Roads". This was the beginning of the good roads movement by the bicycling faternity which led to the AAA pushing further in 1903.

Twenty-six U.S. states had their own building of which the Ohio House is the only one that still exists.^[14] Not including the United States, eleven nations also had their own building. The United States government had its own cross shaped building that held exhibits from various government departments. The Women's Pavilion was the first structure at an international exposition devoted to showing off the work of women. The rest of the structures at the Centennial consisted of corporate pavilions, administration buildings, restaurants and other buildings designed for public comfort.^[15] This article describes the government of the United States. ...

Exposition

The formal name of the Exposition was the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and products of the Soil and Mine, but the official theme was the celebration of the United States Centennial. At the same time, the Exposition was designed to show the world the United States' industrial and innovative prowess.^[1] The Centennial was originally set to begin in April for the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, but construction delays caused the date to be pushed back to May 10. Bells rang all over Philadelphia to signal the Centennial's opening. The opening ceremony was attended by U.S. President Ulysses Grant and his wife and Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro and his wife. The opening ceremony ended in Machinery Hall with Grant and Dom Pedro turning on the Corliss Steam Engine which powered most of the other machines at the Exposition. The official number of first day attendees was 186,272 people with 110,000 entering with free passes. Combatants Militia of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, (Minutemen) British Army, Royal Marines Commanders John Parker, James Barrett, William Heath Francis Smith, John Pitcairn, Walter Laurie, Lord Hugh Percy Strength 75 at Lexington Green (Parker). ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Ulysses S. Grant[2] (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American general and the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877). ... Julia Grant Julia Boggs Dent Grant (January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902), wife of Ulysses S. Grant, was First Lady of the United States from 1869 to 1877. ... Dom Pedro IIs family Dom Pedro II and President Ulysses S. Grant, Philadelphia Exposition, 1876 Dom Pedro II in his old age Dom Pedro II of Brazil Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil was the second and final Brazilian Emperor. ... The drawing portrait picture of Princess Teresa of the Two Sicilies. ... External Links Corliss Steam Engine Corliss Steam Engine The Corliss Steam Engine of 1876 ...

In the days following the opening ceremony, attendance dropped dramatically, with only 12,720 people visiting the Exposition. The average daily attendance for May was 36,000 and 39,000 for June. A deadly heat wave began in mid-June and continued into July hurting attendance. The average temperature was 81 °F (27.2 °C), and ten times during the heat wave, the temperatures reached 100 °F (37.8 °C). The average daily attendance for July was 35,000, but it rose in August to 42,000 despite the return of high temperatures at the end of the month.^[16]

Cooling temperatures, news reports and word of mouth began increasing attendance in the final three months of the Exposition, with many of the visitors coming from farther distances. In September the average daily attendance rose to 94,000 and to 102,000 in October. The highest attendance date of the entire Exposition was September 28. The day, which saw about a quarter of a million people attend, was Pennsylvania Day. Pennsylvania Day celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 and Exposition events included speeches, receptions and fireworks. The final month of the Exposition, November, had an average daily attendance of 115,000. By the time the Exposition ended on November 10, a total of 10,164,489 had visited the fair.^[5] September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 has been described as the most democratic in America and was authored primarily by George Bryan, James Cannon, and Benjamin Franklin. ... Fireworks at Epcot, Florida, USA Fireworks at Epcot, Florida, USA The Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House illuminated under New Years Eve Fireworks 2005 A fireworks event (also called a fireworks show) is a spectacular display of the effects produced by firework devices on various occasions. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Exhibits

Technologies introduced at the fair include the Corliss Steam Engine. Waltham Watch Company displayed the first automatic screw making machinery and won the Gold Medal in the first international watch precision competition. Until the start of 2004, many of the fair's exhibits were in the Smithsonian Institution's Arts and Industries Building in Washington, DC, adjacent to the Castle building. During the Exposition the Turkish delegation presented marijuana to the United States for the first time, becoming one of the most visited exibits of the fair. External Links Corliss Steam Engine Corliss Steam Engine The Corliss Steam Engine of 1876 ... The American Waltham Watch Company produced about 40 million high quality watches, clocks, speedometers, compasses, time fuses and other precision instruments between 1850 and 1950. ... Russian Poljot Siberia model finished movement viewed through crystal back For other uses, see Watch (disambiguation). ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ... The Arts and Industries Building is the second oldest of the Smithsonian museums. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...

Consumer products first displayed to the public include:

• Alexander Graham Bell's telephone
• the Remington Typographic Machine (typewriter)
• Heinz Ketchup
• Wallace-Farmer Electric Dynamo, precursor to (electric light)
• Hires Root Beer

A reconstruction of a "colonial kitchen" replete with spinning wheel and costumed presenters sparked an era of "Colonial Revival" in American architecture and house furnishings. The Swedish Cottage, representing a rural Swedish schoolhouse of traditional style, was re-erected after the Exposition closed, in Central Park, New York. It is now the Swedish Cottage Marionette Theatre. A portrait of Alexander Graham Bell in 1910s Alexander Graham Bell (3 March 1847 – 2 August 1922) was a scientist, inventor, and innovator. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Mechanical desktop typewriters, such as this Underwood Five, were long time standards of government agencies, newsrooms, and sales offices. ... H. J. Heinz Company, commonly known as just Heinz, famous for its 57 Varieties slogan, was founded in 1869 by Henry John Heinz in Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania. ... Most of the industrialized world is lit by electric lights, which are used both at night and to provide additional light during the daytime. ... Hires Root Beer is a soft drink marketed by Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. ... Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres or 3. ... Original hand-made puppets presented by master puppeteers entertain children and adults alike at the enchanting Swedish Cottage Marionette Theatre in New York Citys Central Park. ...

The New Jersey official State Pavilion was a reconstruction of the Ford Mansion, which served as General George Washington’s Headquarters during the winter of 1779-80 in Morristown, New Jersey. The reconstruction had a working "colonial kitchen" featuring a polemical narrative of "old-fashioned domesticity." This quaint hearth and home view of the colonial past was juxtaposed against the theme of progress, the overarching theme of the exhibition serving to re-enforce a view of American progress evolving from a small hearty colonial stock and not from a continual influx of multi-ethnic waves of immigration.

The right arm and torch of the Statue of Liberty were showcased at the Exposition. For a fee of 50 cents, visitors could climb the ladder to the balcony, and the money raised this way was used to fund the rest of the statue. Liberty Enlightening the World (French: La liberté éclairant le monde), known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté), is a large statue that was presented to the United States by France in 1886, standing at Liberty Island, New York in the mouth of the Hudson River...

The building housing the Japanese pavilion was, after the Exposition, dismantled and moved to Strafford, Pennsylvania, where it still stands, serving as that community's train station. The king of Strafford Pennsylvania is Ryan Schwalm the Great who has foced the people of Strafford into exile If anyone should find this message, please get word Im alive and stranded on an island somewhere in the Strafford he is coming Im scared send help. ...

See also

• Centennial Arboretum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Centennial Arboretum (27 acres) is an arboretum located at the Horticulture Center, Fairmount Park, at the southeast corner of Belmont and Montgomery Drives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bibliography

• Gross, Linda P.; Theresa R. Snyder (2005). Philadelphia's 1876 Centennial Exhibition. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-3888-4. 
• Wainwright, Nicholas; Russell Weigley and Edwin Wolf (1982). Philadelphia: A 300-Year History. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-01610-2. 

External links

• Centennial Exhibition
• Centennial exposition described and illustrated, being a concise and graphic description of this grand enterprise commemorative of the first centennary of American independence. Publisher: Philadelphia, Hubbard bros, 1876.