Geography of India
Continent	Asia
Region	South Asia Indian subcontinent
Coordinates	20°00'N 77°00' E
Area	Ranked 7th 3,287,590 km² 1,269,345.60 miles² 90.44% land 9.56% water
Coastline	7,516 km (4,670.23 miles)
Borders	Total land borders: 14,103 km (8,763 miles) Bangladesh: 4,053 km (2,518 miles) Bhutan: 605 km (376 miles) Burma (Myanmar): 1,463 km (909 miles) China (PRC): 3,380 km (2,100 miles) Nepal: 1,690 km (1,050 miles) Pakistan: 2,912 km (1,809 miles)
Highest point	Kanchenjunga 8,598 m (28,209 ft)
Lowest point	Kuttanad −2.2 m (−7.2 ft)
Longest river	Ganges-Brahmaputra
Largest lake	Chilka Lake

The geography of India is extremely diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, hills and plateaus. Climate ranges from equatorial in the far south, to tundra in the Himalayan altitudes. India comprises most of the Indian subcontinent and has a long coastline of over 7,000 km (4,300 miles), most of which lies on a peninsula that protrudes into the Indian Ocean. India is bounded in the west by the Arabian Sea and in the east by the Bay of Bengal. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x958, 167 KB) India This is a NASA World Wind screenshot. ... World map showing location of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... List of Land Borders Note: Entries which are not sovereign states, dependent territories or de facto independent disputed or occupied areas or unrecognised countries are italicised. ... In the technical terminology of political science the PRC was a communist state for much of the 20th century, and is still considered a communist state by many, though not all, political scientists. ... Kanchenjunga (also called Kangchenjunga, Kangchen Dzö-nga, Khangchendzonga, Kanchenjanga, Kachendzonga, or Kangchanfanga) is the third highest mountain in the world and the second highest in Nepal, located in the Taplejung district straddling the frontier between Nepal and India. ... Kuttanad is situated in the Alappuzha district of Kerala. ... Early morning on the Ganges The River Ganges hu (Ganga in Indian languages) (Devanagiri गंगा) is a major river in northern India. ... The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia. ... Chilka Lake (also Chilika Lake) is a brackish water coastal lake in Indias Orissa state, south of the mouth of the Mahanadi River. ... A fresh snowfall in Colorados (USA) high forests. ... The most general definition of mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands. ... A dune in the Egyptian desert Desert in California mz_maco_23q@hotmail. ... In geography, a plain is an expanse of land with relatively low relief. ... For alternate uses of the term, see Plateau (disambiguation). ... The equator is an imaginary line drawn around a planet, halfway between the poles. ... In physical geography, tundra is an area where tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. ... The Himalaya is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. ... Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum, called zero level. ... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer, symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. ... A peninsula is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ... Map of the Arabian Sea. ... The Bay of Bengal is a sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. ...

The fertile Indo-Gangetic plain occupies most of northern, central and eastern India, while the Deccan Plateau occupies most of southern India. To the west of the country is the Thar Desert, which consists of a mix of rocky and sandy desert. India's east and northeastern border consists of the high Himalayan range. The highest point in India is disputed due to a territorial dispute with Pakistan; according to India's claim, the highest point (located in the disputed Kashmir territory) is K2, at 8,611 m (28,251 feet). The highest point in undisputed Indian territory is Kanchenjunga, at 8,598 m (28,208 feet). The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... Introduction The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... A map of South India, its rivers, regions and water bodies. ... The Thar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) is a desert mainly located in the state of Rajasthan in northwest India. ... A dune in the Egyptian desert Desert in California mz_maco_23q@hotmail. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... K2 is the second highest mountain in the world. ... Kanchenjunga (also called Kangchenjunga, Kangchen Dzö-nga, Khangchendzonga, Kanchenjanga, Kachendzonga, or Kangchanfanga) is the third highest mountain in the world and the second highest in Nepal, located in the Taplejung district straddling the frontier between Nepal and India. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ... A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a metre. ...

India is bordered by Pakistan, the People's Republic of China, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal, Bhutan and Afghanistan^[1]. Sri Lanka and the Maldives are island nations to the south of India. Politically, India is divided into 28 states, six federally administered union territories and a national capital territory. The political divisions generally follow linguistic and ethnic boundaries rather than geographic transitions. An island nation is a country that is wholly confined to an island or islands. ... A union territory is an administrative division of India. ... The national capital territory (NCT) is a territory in India which encompasses the capital city, New Delhi and the city of Delhi. ...

Location and extent

Cape Comorin is the southernmost point in mainland India.

India lies to the north of the equator between 8 degree 4 minutes and 37 degree 6 minutes north latitude and 68 degrees 7 minutes and 97 degrees 25 minutes east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total land area of 3,287,263 km² (1,269,219 square miles). India measures 3,214 km (1,997 miles) from north to south and 2,933 km (1,822 miles) from east to west. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km (9,445 miles) and a coastline of 7,516.5 km (4,670.5 miles). The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea are parts of India. Image File history File links touched up image image a touched up image of http://commons. ... Image File history File links touched up image image a touched up image of http://commons. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with an extra detailed area around Port Blair The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Laccadive Archipelago. ...

India is bounded on the southwest by the Arabian Sea and on the southeast by the Bay of Bengal. On the north, northeast, and northwest are the Himalayans. Kanyakumari constitutes the southern tip of the Indian peninsula, which narrows before ending into the Indian Ocean. The District Map of Kanya kumari Swamithoppe pathi Padmanabhapuram Palace Thiruchendur Temple The Tiruvalluvar statue The Vivekananda memorial Sun Rise at Kanyakumari The Gandhi Mandepam Kanyakumari is a town and a cape at the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula. ... A peninsula is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ...

This is a list of the extreme points of India, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location in the country. ...

Political geography

Main article: States and territories of India

India is divided into 28 states (which are further subdivided into districts), six union territories and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. States have their own elected government, while Union Territories are governed by an administrator appointed by the union government. India is subdivided into 28 states, 6 union territories and a National Capital Territory. ... The divisions of a district. ... The national capital territory (NCT) is a territory in India which encompasses the capital city, New Delhi and the city of Delhi. ... Delhi (दिल्ली or Dillī in Hindi and Bengali and دیلی in Urdu) is a term that refers to either the State of Delhi or the National Capital Territory (NCT) of the Republic of India. ...

States of India, Map shows area of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by India as part of India. The Government of Pakistan considers the complete state of Jammu and Kashmir as part of Pakistan.

States: Download high resolution version (650x790, 142 KB)NPOV map of India from commons. ... Download high resolution version (650x790, 142 KB)NPOV map of India from commons. ... India is subdivided into 28 states, 6 union territories and a National Capital Territory. ...

Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశం in Telugu) (Ä€ndhra Prādesh), a state in South India, lies between 12°41 and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40E longitude . ... Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश) is an Indian state. ... Assam (অসম) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... Bihar (बिहार in Devanagri) is a state situated in the eastern part of India. ... Chhattisgarh (छत्तीसगढ़), a state in central India, formed when the sixteen southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000. ... Goa (गोवा in Devanagari) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in northwest India. ... Himachal Pradesh is a state in northwest India. ... Jammu and Kashmir is the northern-most province of the Republic of India, with Srinagar as its capital and Jammu as its winter-capital. ... Jharkhand (झारखंड in Devanagari) is a state in eastern India. ... Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ... ... Madhya Pradesh (मध्य प्रदेश) is a state in central India. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Map showing Meghalaya (in black) in relation to the other states of India Meghalaya (मेघालय) is a small state in north-eastern India. ... Map showing Mizoram (in black) in relation to the other states of India Mizoram is a state in northeastern India. ... Location of Nagaland in India Nagaland is a state in the north-eastern part of India. ... Orissa (2001 provisional pop. ... Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ, पंजाब) is a state in northwest India, part of a larger Punjab region. ... Rajasthan (राजस्थान) is the geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Tripura (ত্রিপুরা) is a state in North-east India. ... Uttaranchal (उत्तरांचल) became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000 after a relatively short and peaceful struggle by its people in the 1990s, having previously comprised part of Uttar Pradesh. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: उत्तर प्रदेश, Urdu: اتر پردیش) is the fifth largest and the most populous state in India. ... West Bengal (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ, Pościm Bôngo) is a state in the northeast of India. ...

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2. Chandigarh
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4. Daman and Diu
5. Lakshadweep
6. Pondicherry

National Capital Territory: Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with an extra detailed area around Port Blair The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India. ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli is a Union Territory in western India. ... Daman and Diu is a union territory in India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Laccadive Archipelago. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

7. Delhi

The state of Jammu and Kashmir is claimed by India but disputed by Pakistan and China, who administer parts of the territory. The state of Arunachal Pradesh is claimed by China but administered by India. Delhi (दिल्ली or Dillī in Hindi and Bengali and دیلی in Urdu) is a term that refers to either the State of Delhi or the National Capital Territory (NCT) of the Republic of India. ...

Geographical regions

India is divided into seven geographic regions. They are

1. The northern mountains including the Himalayas and the northeast mountain ranges.
2. Indo-Gangetic plains
3. Thar Desert
4. Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau
5. East Coast
6. West Coast
7. Bordering seas and islands

The Himalaya is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. ...

Mountains

Map of the hilly regions in India.

A great arc of mountains, composed of the Himalaya, Hindu Kush, and Patkai ranges, define the Indian subcontinent. These mountains were formed by the ongoing tectonic collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate which started some 50 million years ago. These mountain ranges are home to some of the tallest mountains in the world and provide a natural barrier against the cold polar winds. They also facilitate the monsoons that drive climate in India. The numerous rivers that originate in these mountains provide water to the fertile Indo-Gangetic plains. These mountains are recognised by biogeographers as the boundary between two of the earth's great ecozones; the temperate Palearctic that covers most of Eurasia, and the tropical and subtropical Indomalaya ecozone that includes the Indian subcontinent and extend into Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Historically, these ranges have served as barriers to invaders. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (609x700, 49 KB) Hills and elevated regions of India. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (609x700, 49 KB) Hills and elevated regions of India. ... The Himalaya is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... The Patkai or the Purvachal are the hills on Indias eastern border with Myanmar. ... The India or Indian Plate is a minor tectonic plate. ... Categories: Plate tectonics | Geology stubs ... Monsoon in the Vindhya, a mountain chain in central India A monsoon is a periodic wind, especially in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia. ... Biogeography is the science which deals with questions of the distribution of species usually at regional to continental scales. ... In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ... The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth surface (see map). ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ... The Indomalaya Ecozone was previously called the Oriental region. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

India has seven major mountain ranges having peaks of over 1,000 m (3,300 feet). The Himalayas are the only mountain ranges to have snow-capped peaks. These ranges are:

1. Aravalli
2. Eastern Ghats
3. Himalayas
4. Patkai
5. Vindhyas
6. Sahyadri or Western Ghats
7. Satpuras

A composite image of the Himalaya.

The Himalaya mountain range is the world's highest mountain range. They form India's north-eastern border, separating it from the rest of Asia. The Himalayas are one of the world's youngest mountain ranges, and extend almost uninterrupted for a distance of 2,500 km (1,550 miles), covering an area of 500,000 km² (193,000 square miles). The Aravalli Range is a range of mountains in western India running approximately 300 miles northeast-southwest across Rajasthan state. ... The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains, eroded and cut through by the four major rivers of southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri. ... The Himalaya is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. ... The Patkai or the Purvachal are the hills on Indias eastern border with Myanmar. ... The Vindhya Range is a range of hills in central India, which geographically separates The Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India. ... The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of Indias Deccan Plateau, and separate the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. ... The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of Indias Deccan Plateau, and separate the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. ... The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. ... Download high resolution version (1000x662, 258 KB)The Himalayan mountain range with Mount Everest as seen from the International Space Station looking south-south-east over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Download high resolution version (1000x662, 258 KB)The Himalayan mountain range with Mount Everest as seen from the International Space Station looking south-south-east over the Tibetan Plateau. ...

Himalayan peaks in Sikkim.

The Himalayas extend from the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the west to the state of Arunachal Pradesh in the east. These states along with Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, and Sikkim lie mostly in the Himalayan region. Some of the Himalayan peaks range over 7,000 m (23,000 feet) and the snow line ranges between 6,000 m (19,600 feet) in Sikkim to around 3,000 m (9,850 feet) in Kashmir. Kanchenjunga, which lies in Sikkim, is the highest point in the country's territory (undisputed). Most peaks in the Himalayas remain snowbound throughout the year. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1818x1204, 655 KB) Rathong peak, near Kanchenjunga, from the Zemathang Glacier, Western Sikkim. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1818x1204, 655 KB) Rathong peak, near Kanchenjunga, from the Zemathang Glacier, Western Sikkim. ... Jammu and Kashmir is the northern-most province of the Republic of India, with Srinagar as its capital and Jammu as its winter-capital. ... Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश) is an Indian state. ... Himachal Pradesh is a state in northwest India. ... Uttaranchal (उत्तरांचल) became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000 after a relatively short and peaceful struggle by its people in the 1990s, having previously comprised part of Uttar Pradesh. ... Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas. ... The snow line is the point above which, or poleward of which, snow and ice cover the ground throughout the year. ...

The Shiwalik, or lower Himalaya, consists of smaller hills towards the Indian side. Most of the rock formations are young and highly unstable, with landslides being a regular phenomenon during the rainy season. Many of India's hill stations are located on this range. The climate varies from sub tropical in the foothills to tundra at the higher elevations of these mountain ranges. The Siwalik Hills (sometimes spelled Shiwalik, Shivalik, or Sivalik) are a sub-Himalayan mountain range running 1,600 km long from the Tista River, Sikkim, through Nepal and India, into northern Pakistan. ... Landslide - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A Hill station in Southeast Asian and South Asian countries, particularly India and Pakistan, is a high-altitude town used, especially by European colonialists, as a place of refuge from the summer heat. ...

The mountains on India's eastern border with Myanmar are called as the Patkai or the Purvachal. They were created by the same tectonic processes that resulted in the formation of the Himalaya. The features of the Patkai ranges are conical peaks, steep slopes and deep valleys. The Patkai ranges are not as rugged or tall as the Himalayas. There are three hill ranges that come under the Patkai: The Patkai-Bum, the Garo-Khasi-Jaintia, and the Lushai hills. The Garo-Khasi range is in the Indian state of Meghalaya. The climate ranges from temperate to alpine due to altitude. Cherrapunji, which lies on the windward side of these hills, has the distinction of being the wettest place in the world, receiving the highest annual rainfall ^[2]. The Patkai or the Purvachal are the hills on Indias eastern border with Myanmar. ... The Garo Hills are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India. ... The Khasi Hills are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India. ... Jaintia Hills is an administrative district in the state of Meghalaya in India. ... Categories: India geography stubs | Mizoram | States and territories of India | Seven Sister States ... Map showing Meghalaya (in black) in relation to the other states of India Meghalaya (मेघालय) is a small state in north-eastern India. ... In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ... Alpine may refer to: Alpine, a breed of goat. ... Meghalaya Cherrapunji is a town in Meghalaya, India which is credited as being one of the worlds wettest places. ... Windward is the side of a boat into which the wind is blowing. ...

The Vindhyas in central India.

The Vindhya range runs across most of central India, covering a distance of 1,050 km (652 miles). The average elevation of these hills is 300 m (1,000 feet). They are believed to have been formed by the wastes created due to the weathering of the ancient Aravalli mountains. It geographically separates northern India from southern India. The western end of the range lies in eastern Gujarat, near its border with the state of Madhya Pradesh, and the range runs east and north nearly to the Ganges River at Mirzapur. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Vindhya Range is a range of hills in central India, which geographically separates The Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India. ... The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... A map of South India, its rivers, regions and water bodies. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Madhya Pradesh (मध्य प्रदेश) is a state in central India. ... Early morning on the Ganges The River Ganges hu (Ganga in Indian languages) (Devanagiri गंगा) is a major river in northern India. ... Mirzapur is a city in southeastern Uttar Pradesh, India renowned for its famous carpet industry. ...

The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. It begins in eastern Gujarat near the Arabian Sea coast, then runs east through Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and ends in the state of Chhattisgarh. It extends for a distance of 900 km with many of its peaks rising above 1000 m (3,300 feet). It is angular in shape, with its vertex at Ratnapuri and the two sides being parallel to the Tapti and Narmada river. It runs parallel to the Vindhya Range, which lies to the north, and these two east-west ranges divide the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India from the Deccan Plateau lying in the south. The Narmada runs in the depression between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges, and drains the northern slope of the Satpura range, running west towards the Arabian Sea. The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. ... For the landform that extends above the surrounding terrain and that is smaller than a mountain, see the article on mountain. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Map of the Arabian Sea. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Madhya Pradesh (मध्य प्रदेश) is a state in central India. ... Chhattisgarh (छत्तीसगढ़), a state in central India, formed when the sixteen southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000. ... Ratnapuri is a place in Uttar Pradesh, India. ... The Tapti River is a river of central India. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... The Vindhya Range is a range of hills in central India, which geographically separates The Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India. ...

The Aravalli range in Rajasthan.

The Aravalli Range is a range of mountains, running from northeast to southwest across Rajasthan in western India, extending approximately 500 km (310 miles). The northern end of the range continues as isolated hills and rocky ridges into Haryana, ending near Delhi. The highest peak is Mount Abu, rising to 1,722 m (5,653 feet), lying near the southwestern extremity of the range, close to the border with Gujarat. The city of Ajmer with its lake lies on the southern slope of the range in Rajasthan. The Aravalli Range is the eroded stub of an ancient folded mountain system that was once snow-capped. The range rose in a Precambrian event called the Aravalli-Delhi orogen. The range joins two of the ancient segments that make up the Indian craton, the Marwar segment to the northwest of the range, and the Bundelkhand segment to the southeast. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2888x1926, 795 KB) Description Paysage des Ârâvalli en Inde Aravalli landscape in India Source Nataraja Statut 2003, G. Anfossi File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India Aravalli Range ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2888x1926, 795 KB) Description Paysage des Ârâvalli en Inde Aravalli landscape in India Source Nataraja Statut 2003, G. Anfossi File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India Aravalli Range ... The Aravalli Range is a range of mountains in western India running approximately 300 miles northeast-southwest across Rajasthan state. ... Rajasthan (राजस्थान) is the geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in northwest India. ... Delhi (दिल्ली or DillÄ« in Hindi and Bengali and دیلی in Urdu) is a term that refers to either the State of Delhi or the National Capital Territory (NCT) of the Republic of India. ... Mount Abu is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan state, in western India. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Ajmer, or Ajmere, is a city in Indias Rajasthan state. ... The Precambrian or Cryptozoic is the period of the geologic timescale from the formation of Earth around 4500 million years before the present (BP) to the evolution of abundant macroscopic hard-shelled fossils, which marked the beginning of the Cambrian, some 542 million years BP. Remarkably little is known about... In geology, orogeny is the process of mountain building. ... A craton is an old and stable part of the continental crust that has survived the merging and splitting of continents and supercontinents for at least 500 million years. ... Marwar is the southwest region of Rajasthan in India that lies in Thar Desert. ...

Elevated regions in India.

The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of India's Deccan Plateau, and separate the Deccan plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. The range starts south of the Tapti River near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, and runs approximately 1,600 km (1,000 miles) through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, almost to the southern tip of the Indian peninsula. The average elevation is around 1,000 m with the higher peaks occurring in the northern section of the range in Maharashtra. Two of the notable peaks lying in the western ghats are Kalsubai 1,646 m (5,427 feet) and Mahabaleshwar 1,438 m (4,710 feet). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3042x2933, 2736 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3042x2933, 2736 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of Indias Deccan Plateau, and separate the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. ... Introduction The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Map of the Arabian Sea. ... The Tapti River is a river of central India. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Goa (गोवा in Devanagari) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. ... Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ... ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Kalsubai is the highest mountain of the Sahyadris in India. ... Mahabaleshwar is a hill station located in Satara district, at 1372 meters elevation in the Western Ghats range of Maharashtra. ...

The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains, which have been eroded and cut through by the four major rivers of southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri. These mountain ranges extend from West Bengal in the north, through Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu in the south. They run parallel to the Bay of Bengal and are not as tall as the Western Ghats, though some of its peaks are over 1000 m in height. The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains, eroded and cut through by the four major rivers of southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri. ... The Godavari River is a major waterway in India, next to the Ganges and Indus rivers. ... The Mahanadi River is a river of eastern India. ... The Krishna River is one of the longest rivers of India (about 900 km in length). ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... West Bengal (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ, Pościm Bôngo) is a state in the northeast of India. ... Orissa (2001 provisional pop. ... Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశం in Telugu) (Ä€ndhra Prādesh), a state in South India, lies between 12°41 and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40E longitude . ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... The Bay of Bengal is a sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. ...

The Eastern and Western Ghats meet at the Nilgiri knot in Tamil Nadu. The Anai Mudi in the Cardamom Hills at 2,695 m (8,841 feet) in Kerala is the highest peak in the Western Ghats. The Nilgiris are considered to be a part of the Western Ghats. Map of The Nilgiris district The Nilgiris or Blue Mountains are a range of mountains and a district in the south-Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. ... ... The Cardamom Hills are elevated regions in Kerala, India. ...

Indo-Gangetic plain

Main article: Indo-Gangetic plain

A satellite view of the Gangetic plains.

Extent of the Indo-Gangetic plain across South Asia.

The Indo-Gangetic plains are large floodplains of the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra river systems. They run parallel to the Himalaya mountains, from Jammu and Kashmir in the west to Assam in the east, draining the states of Punjab, Haryana, eastern Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. The plains encompass an area of 700,000 km² (270,000 mile²) and vary in width through their length by several hundred kilometres. Major rivers that form a part of this system are the Ganga (Ganges) and Indus River along with their tributaries; Beas, Yamuna, Gomti, Ravi, Chambal, Sutlej and Chenab. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 471 KB)Satellite image of the Ganges plain, showing haze and pollution over Bangladesh and north-eastern India. ... Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 471 KB)Satellite image of the Ganges plain, showing haze and pollution over Bangladesh and north-eastern India. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... In geography, a floodplain is an area of relatively level land that is inundated from time to time. ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... The River Ganges (Ganga in Indian languages) is a major river in northern India. ... The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia. ... Jammu and Kashmir is the northern-most province of the Republic of India, with Srinagar as its capital and Jammu as its winter-capital. ... Assam (অসম) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (Meaning: Land of five Rivers) (also Panjab, Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ, Devanagari: पंजाब, Shahmukhi: پنجاب) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in northwest India. ... Rajasthan (राजस्थान) is the geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: उत्तर प्रदेश, Urdu: اتر پردیش) is the fifth largest and the most populous state in India. ... Bihar (बिहार in Devanagri) is a state situated in the eastern part of India. ... Jharkhand (झारखंड in Devanagari) is a state in eastern India. ... West Bengal (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ, Pościm Bôngo) is a state in the northeast of India. ... Early morning on the Ganges The River Ganges hu (Ganga in Indian languages) (Devanagiri गंगा) is a major river in northern India. ... The Indus (Daria-e-Sindh, सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu to Indians and in Sanskrit, as Sinthos in Greek, and Sindus in Latin) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... Indias Beas River, known as Arjiki and then Vipas to Indians in Vedic times and the Hyphasis to Greeks, marks the most easterly extent of the conquests of Alexander the Great in 326 BC. The river begins at the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh, and eventually joins the Sutlej... The river Yamuna is a major river of northern India, with a total length of around 1370 km. ... The Gomti River is one of the tributaries of the river Ganga. ... (راوی)A river 450 mi (724 km) long in north India flowing southwest to the Chenab and forming part of boundary between Punjab provinces of India and Pakistan. ... The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in central India. ... The Sutlej is a river that flows through Northern India, with its source in Tibet. ... The Chenab River rises in the Himalayan ranges of Kashmir and flows through the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and the Jech Doabs. ...

The Indo-Gangetic belt is the world's most extensive expanse of uninterrupted alluvium formed by the deposition of silt by the numerous rivers. The plains are flat and mostly treeless, making it conducive for irrigation through canals. The area is also rich in ground water sources. Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ... Silt refers to soil or rock particles of a certain very small size range (see grain size). ... Irrigation in the Heart of the Sahara Irrigation (in agriculture) is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops. ... The Canal du Midi in Toulouse, France Canals are man-made waterways, usually connecting existing lakes, rivers, or oceans. ... Groundwater is any water found below the land surface. ...

The plains are one of the world's most intensely farmed area in the world. Crops grown on the Indo-Gangetic Plain are primarily rice and wheat, grown in rotation. Other crops include maize, sugarcane and cotton. Also known as the Great Plains, the Indo-Gangetic plains rank among the world's most densely populated areas. Intensive Farming Intensive agriculture is an agricultural production system characterized by the significant use of inputs, and seeking to maximize the production. ... Species References ITIS 41975 2002-09-22 Rice (genus Oryza) is a plant of the grass family which is a dietary staple of more than half of the worlds human population. ... Species T. boeoticum T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat (Triticum spp. ... Crop rotation is the practice of growing two (or more) dissimilar type of crops in the same space in sequence. ... Binomial name Zea mays L. Maize (Zea mays ssp. ... Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of between 6-37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical regions... Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ...

Thar Desert

Main article: Thar Desert

Jaisalmer in Rajasthan is situated in the heart of the Thar Desert. The region is arid and dusty.

The Thar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) is a hot desert that forms a significant portion of western India. Spread over four states in India – Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat it covers an area of 208,110 km² (80,350 mile²). The desert continues into Pakistan as the Cholistan Desert. Most of the Thar Desert is situated in Rajasthan, covering 61 percent of its geographic area. Most of the desert is rocky, with a small part of the extreme west of the desert being sandy. The Thar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) is a desert mainly located in the state of Rajasthan in northwest India. ... Image File history File links Description Architecture à Jaisalmer au Rajasthan en Inde Architecture in Jaisalmer, [[en:Rajasthan|Rajasthan], India Source Serge Duchemin Statut File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India Jaisalmer ... Image File history File links Description Architecture à Jaisalmer au Rajasthan en Inde Architecture in Jaisalmer, [[en:Rajasthan|Rajasthan], India Source Serge Duchemin Statut File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India Jaisalmer ... Jaisalmer is a city in Rajasthan, India. ... A dune in the Egyptian desert Desert in California mz_maco_23q@hotmail. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (Meaning: Land of five Rivers) (also Panjab, Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ, Devanagari: पंजाब, Shahmukhi: پنجاب) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in northwest India. ... Rajasthan (राजस्थान) is the geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Cholistan is a desert located in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. ... Rajasthan (राजस्थान) is the geographically largest state in northwestern India. ...

The origin of the Thar Desert is uncertain. Some geologists consider it to be 4,000 to 10,000 years old, whereas others state that aridity began in this region much earlier. The area is characterised by extreme temperatures of above 45 °C (113 °F) in summer to below freezing in winters. Rainfall is precarious and erratic, ranging from below 120 mm (4.72 in) in the extreme west to 375 mm (14.75 in) eastward. The lack of rainfall is mainly due to the unique position of the desert with respect to the Aravalli range. The desert lies in the rain shadow area of the Bay of Bengal arm of the southwest monsoon. The parallel nature of the range to the Arabian Sea arm also means that the desert does not receive much rainfall. A drought is an extended period where water availability falls below the statistical requirements for a region. ... The degree Celsius (°C or ℃ (Unicode 0x2103)) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The Bay of Bengal is a sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. ...

The desert can be divided into two regions, the great Desert and the little desert. The great Desert extends northwards from the edge of the Rann of Kutch region of Gujarat. The little desert extends from the River Luni between the towns of Jodhpur and Jaisalmer, up to the northern areas. The soils of the arid region are generally sandy to sandy-loam in texture. The consistency and depth vary according to the topographical features. The low-lying loams are heavier and may have a hard pan of clay, calcium carbonate or gypsum. Due to the low population density, the effect of the population on the environment is relatively less compared to the rest of India. The Rann of Kutch is a marshy region located in the Gujarat state of India, which borders the Sind region of Pakistan. ... The Luni is a river of western Rajasthan state, India. ... Jodhpur seen from Mehrangarh Fort. ... Jaisalmer is a city in Rajasthan, India. ... Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ... Gypsum is a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. // Chemical structure Gypsum from New South Wales, Australia Heating gypsum above approximately 150°C (302°F) partially dehydrates the mineral by driving off exactly 75% of the water contained in its chemical structure. ...

Highlands

The Central Highlands are composed of three main plateaus – the Malwa Plateau in the west, the Deccan Plateau in the south, (covering most of the Indian peninsula); and the Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand towards the east. Malwa (माळवा in Malvi ) is a region of western India, lying in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state. ... Introduction The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... The Chota Nagpur Plateau (also Chhota Nagpur) is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. ... Jharkhand (झारखंड in Devanagari) is a state in eastern India. ...

Satellite image of the Deccan region of southern India

The Deccan plateau is a large triangular plateau, bounded by the Vindhyas to the north and flanked by the Eastern and Western Ghats. The Deccan covers a total area of 1.9 million km² (735,000 mile²). It is mostly flat, with elevations ranging from 300 to 600 m (1,000 to 2,000 feet) ^[3]. Download high resolution version (800x1046, 142 KB)URL Source : [1] File links There are no pages that link to this file. ... Download high resolution version (800x1046, 142 KB)URL Source : [1] File links There are no pages that link to this file. ... For alternate uses of the term, see Plateau (disambiguation). ...

The name Deccan comes from the Sanskrit word dakshina, which means "the south". The plateau slopes gently from west to east and gives rise to several peninsular rivers such as the Godavari, the Krishna, the Cauvery and the Narmada. This region is mostly semi-arid as it lies on the leeward side of both Ghats. Much of the Deccan is covered by thorn scrub forest scattered with small regions of deciduous broadleaf forest. Climate ranges from hot summers to mild winters. The Sanskrit language (Skt. ... For the Second World War frigate class, see River class frigate The Murray River in Australia A river is a large natural waterway. ... The Godavari River is a major waterway in India, next to the Ganges and Indus rivers. ... Lord Krishna Krishna (कृष्ण, Sanskrit for black. Also said to mean All Attractive), is, according to common Hindu tradition, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off). ...

The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. The total area of Chota Nagpur Plateau is approximately 65,000 km² (25,000 mile²). The Chota Nagpur Plateau is made up of three smaller plateaus, the Ranchi, Hazaribagh, and Kodarma plateaus. The Ranchi plateau is the largest of the plateaus, with an average elevation of 700 m (2,300 feet). Much of the plateau is forested, covered by the Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests. The plateau is famous for its vast reserves of ores and coal. Jharkhand (झारखंड in Devanagari) is a state in eastern India. ... Orissa (2001 provisional pop. ... Bihar (बिहार in Devanagri) is a state situated in the eastern part of India. ... Chhattisgarh (छत्तीसगढ़), a state in central India, formed when the sixteen southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000. ... The Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forest is a Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests type ecoregion of India. ... Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground either by underground mining, open-pit mining or strip mining. ...

Besides the Great Indian peninsula, the Kathiawar Peninsula in Gujarat is another large peninsula of India. Kathiawar is a peninsula in western India. ...

East coast

The Eastern Coastal Plain is a wide stretch of land lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. It stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the north. Deltas of many of India's rivers form a major portion of these plains. The Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna rivers drain these plains. The region receives both the Northeast and Southwest monsoon rains with its annual rainfall averaging between 1,000 mm (40 in) and 3,000 mm (120 in). The width of the plains varies between 100 to 130 km (62 to 80 miles) ^[4]. Delta can signify: Δ or δ, a letter of the Greek alphabet. ... The Mahanadi River is a river of eastern India. ... The Godavari River is a major waterway in India, next to the Ganges and Indus rivers. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... Lord Krishna Krishna (कृष्ण, Sanskrit for black. Also said to mean All Attractive), is, according to common Hindu tradition, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ...

The plains are divided into seven regions: The Mahanadi delta; the southern Andhra Pradesh plain; the Krishna Godavari deltas; the Kanyakumari coast; Coromandel Coast and sandy littoral. This article is about the Coromandel Coast of India. ... A littoral is the region near the shoreline of a body of fresh or salt water. ...

West coast

A view of India's west coast at Goa, near the border with Maharashtra.

The Western Coastal Plain is a narrow strip of land sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The strip begins in Gujarat in the north and extends across the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. The plains are narrow, and range from 50 to 100 km (30 to 60 miles) in width. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Goa (गोवा in Devanagari) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. ...

Small rivers and numerous backwaters inundate the region. The rivers, which originate in the Western Ghats, are fast flowing and are mostly perennial. The fast flowing nature of the rivers results in the formation of estuaries rather than deltas. Major rivers flowing into the sea are the Tapi, Narmada, Mandovi and Zuari. Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits and services. ... The Mandovi River, is described to be the lifeline of the state of Goa, India. ... ...

The coast is divided into two regions. The northern region of Maharashtra and Goa is known as the Konkan Coast and the southern coastline of Kerala is known as the Malabar Coast. Vegetation in this region is mostly deciduous. The Malabar Coast has its own unique ecoregion known as the Malabar Coast moist forests. The Konkan, also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali is the name given to a stretch of rugged and beautiful section of the western coastline of India from Ratnagiri to Mangalore. ... Bekal Fort Beach Malabar is a region along the southwest coast of the Indian peninsula, which forms the northern part of present-day Kerala state. ... The Malabar Coast moist forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of southwestern India. ...

Islands

India has two major offshore island possessions: the Lakshadweep islands and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Both these island groups are administered by the Union government of India as Union Territories. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Laccadive Archipelago. ... Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with an extra detailed area around Port Blair The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India. ... A union territory is an administrative division of India. ...

The Lakshadweep islands lie 200 to 300 km (124 to 186 miles) off the coast of Kerala in the Arabian Sea. It consists of twelve coral atolls, three coral reefs, and five banks. Ten of these islands are inhabited. Orders see Anthozoa A coral reef can be an oasis of marine life. ... Fanning Atoll (Tabuaeran) is a typical, small to moderate-sized atoll located in the central Pacific Ocean. ... Some of the biodiversity of a coral reef. ...

The Andaman and Nicobar island chain lies in the Bay of Bengal near the Myanmar coast. It is located 950 km (590 miles) from Kolkata (Calcutta) and 193 km (120 miles) from Cape Negrais in Myanmar. The territory consists of two island groups, the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands. The Andaman islands consist of 204 islands having a total length of 352 km (220 miles). The Nicobar Islands, which lie south of the Andamans, consists of twenty-two islands with a total area of 1,841 km² (710 mile²). The highest point is Mount Thullier at 642 m (2,140 feet). Indira Point, India's southernmost land point is situated in the Nicobar islands, and lies just 189 km (117 miles) from the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southeast. Kolkata (Bangla: কলকাতা), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and was capital of British India until 1912. ... Cape Negrais is a cape in Myanmar (Burma), 93 kilometres from the Indian union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ... Ethnolinguistic map of the precolonial Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, and are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India. ... Map of Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean, and are part of India. ... Mount Thullier is the highest point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a Union Territory of India at 642 metres. ... Indira Point formerly (Pygmallion Point) situated in Andaman and Nicobar islands is the southernmost tip of India. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ...

Significant islands just off the Indian coast include Diu, a former Portuguese exclave; Majuli, Asia's largest freshwater island; Salcette Island, India's most populous island, on which Mumbai (Bombay) city is located; Elephanta in Bombay Harbour; and Sriharikota barrier island in Andhra Pradesh. Diu may mean: An island off the south west coast of Gujarat in India. ... Majuli or Majoli is a river island in the Brahmaputra river, in the Indian state of Assam. ... For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... The island as seen from the sky Salcette Island is a large island off the coast of Maharashtra, India in the Arabian Sea. ... Mumbai (Marathi: मुम़बई IPA: ), formerly known as Bombay (IPA: ), is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and is the most populous Indian city. ... Picture of a cave Elephanta Caves are located one and one-half hours (by boat) out of Mumbai on Elephanta Island in the Bombay Harbour. ... The estuary of the Ulhas river, the northern (and narrower) part of which is called the Thane Creek. ... Sriharikota is an island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... In geography, a bar is a linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. ...

Rivers

Main article: Rivers of India

Rivers in India.

All major rivers of India originate from one of the three main watersheds. They are: A large number of rivers run in India and they play an important role in the life and activity of the people. ... Image File history File links Rivers of India map Map made by me, Nichalp File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India ... Image File history File links Rivers of India map Map made by me, Nichalp File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India ... For the Second World War frigate class, see River class frigate The Murray River in Australia A waterfall on the Ova da Fedoz, Switzerland A river is a large natural waterway. ... A watershed or catchment basin is the region of land whose water drains into a specified body of water, such as a river, lake, sea, or ocean. ...

1. The Himalaya and the Karakoram ranges
2. Vindhya and Satpura range in central India
3. Sahyadri or Western Ghats in western India

The Himalayan river networks are snow-fed and have a continuous flow throughout the year. The other two networks are dependant on the monsoons and shrink into rivulets during the dry season. Located in the mountainous region of Gilgit-Baltistan or the Northern Areas of Pakistan, the Karakoram is one of the great Himalayan mountain ranges, with many of the highest and most daunting peaks of the world. ...

Twelve of India's rivers are classified as major, with the total catchment area exceeding 2,528,000 km² (976,000 mile²).

The Teesta River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra in northern West Bengal.

Himalayan rivers or the northern rivers that flow westward into Pakistan are the Indus, Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Jhelum. Image File history File links The Teesta River, which begins in the Himalayas, is the lifeline of the Indian state of Sikkim, almost bisecting the state before merging with the mighty Brahmaputra. ... Image File history File links The Teesta River, which begins in the Himalayas, is the lifeline of the Indian state of Sikkim, almost bisecting the state before merging with the mighty Brahmaputra. ... The Teesta River is one of the most scenic rivers in Eastern India. ... The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia. ... West Bengal (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ, Pościm Bôngo) is a state in the northeast of India. ... The Indus (Daria-e-Sindh, सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu to Indians and in Sanskrit, as Sinthos in Greek, and Sindus in Latin) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... Indias Beas River, known as Arjiki and then Vipas to Indians in Vedic times and the Hyphasis to Greeks, marks the most easterly extent of the conquests of Alexander the Great in 326 BC. The river begins at the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh, and eventually joins the Sutlej... The Chenab River rises in the Himalayan ranges of Kashmir and flows through the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and the Jech Doabs. ... (راوی)A river 450 mi (724 km) long in north India flowing southwest to the Chenab and forming part of boundary between Punjab provinces of India and Pakistan. ... The Sutlej, also known as Satluj, is the longest of the five rivers of Punjab (five waters) that flows through Northern India, with its source in Tibet near Mount Kailash. ... The Jhelum River is the largest and most western of the five rivers of the Punjab province of Pakistan. ...

The Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghana system has the largest catchment area of 1,100,000 km² (424,700 mile²). The river Ganga originates at the Gangotri Glacier in Uttaranchal. It flows in a south easterly direction, draining into Bangladesh. The Yamuna and Gomti rivers also arise in the Western Himalayas and join the Ganga river in the plains. The Brahmaputra, another tributary of the Ganga originates in Tibet and enters India in the far eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh. It then proceeds westwards, unifying with the Ganga in Bangladesh. The River Ganges (Ganga in Indian languages) is a major river in northern India. ... The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia. ... Gangotri Glacier is located in Uttaranchal, India in a region bordering Tibet. ... Uttaranchal (उत्तरांचल) became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000 after a relatively short and peaceful struggle by its people in the 1990s, having previously comprised part of Uttar Pradesh. ... Yamuna is a major river of northern India, with a total length of around 1370 km. ... The Gomti River is one of the tributaries of the river Ganga. ... Tibet (Tibetan: བོད་, Bod, pronounced pö in Lhasa dialect; Chinese: 西藏, pinyin: XÄ«zàng) is a region and former independent country in Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people. ... Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश) is an Indian state. ...

The Narmada River in central India.

The Chambal, another tributary of the Ganga originates from the Vindhya-Satpura watershed. The river flows eastward. Westward flowing rivers from this watershed are the Narmada (also called Nerbudda) and Tapti (also spelt Tapi) rivers which drain into the Arabian Sea in Gujarat. The river network that flows from east to west constitutes 10 percent of the total outflow. Image File history File links Description La Narmadâ à Jabalpurthis photograph shows the backwaters of the narmada Source http://perso. ... Image File history File links Description La Narmadâ à Jabalpurthis photograph shows the backwaters of the narmada Source http://perso. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... we compare prices of books across major online booksellers in real time. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... The Tapti River is a river of central India. ...

The Western Ghats are the source of all Deccan rivers. Major rivers in the Deccan include the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery (also spelt Kaveri or Kavery), all draining into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers constitute 20 percent of India's total outflow.
Introduction The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... The Mahanadi River is a river of eastern India. ... The Godavari River is a major waterway in India, next to the Ganges and Indus rivers. ... The Krishna River is one of the longest rivers of India (about 900 km in length). ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... The Bay of Bengal is a sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. ...

Bodies of water

The Pangong Lake in Ladakh, is a fine example of a mountain lake in the Himalayas.

Major gulfs include the Gulf of Cambay, Gulf of Kutch and the Gulf of Mannar. Straits include the Palk Strait which separates India from Sri Lanka and the Ten Degree Channel, separating the Andamans from the Nicobar Islands. Important capes include the Cape Comorin, the southern tip of mainland India, Indira Point, the southernmost location of India, Rama's Bridge and Point Calimere. Image File history File links Pangong lake, Ladakh. ... Image File history File links Pangong lake, Ladakh. ... The Gulf of Cambay (also the Gulf of Khambat) is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. ... The Gulf of Kutch is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. ... The Gulf of Mannar is an arm of the Indian Ocean, lying between the southern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka at a width of between 160 and 200 km (100 to 125 mi). ... The Palk Strait is a 40-85 mi (64-137 km) wide strait that lies between India and Sri Lanka between Dhanushkodi, near Rameswaram in the state of Tamil Nadu in India, and Talaimannar in the Mannar island in Sri Lanka. ... The Ten Degree Channel is a channel (strait) that separates the Andaman Islands from the Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. ... Kanyakumari is a town and a cape at the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula. ... Indira Point formerly (Pygmallion Point) situated in Andaman and Nicobar islands is the southernmost tip of India. ... Ramas Bridge, Nalas Bridge or Adams Bridge is a chain of limestone shoals, between the islands of Mannar, near northwestern Sri Lanka, and Rameswaram, off the southeastern coast of India. ... Point Calimere, also called Cape Calimere and Kodikkarai, is a low headland on the Coromandel Coast, in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu state, India. ...

Smaller seas include the Laccadive Sea and the Andaman Sea. There are four coral reefs in India and are located in; the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Mannar, Lakshadweep and Gulf of Kutch. it is the sea encircling the lakshawdweep islands belonging to india. ... The Andaman Sea is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Myanmar and west of Indian Ocean. ... Some of the biodiversity of a coral reef. ... The Gulf of Mannar is an arm of the Indian Ocean, lying between the southern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka at a width of between 160 and 200 km (100 to 125 mi). ... The Gulf of Kutch is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. ...

Important lakes include Chilika Lake, the country's largest salt-water lake in Orissa; Kolleru Lake in Andhra Pradesh; Loktak Lake in Manipur, Dal Lake in Kashmir, Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan, and the Sasthamkotta Lake in Kerala. Chilka Lake (also Chilika Lake) is a brackish water coastal lake in Indias Orissa state, south of the mouth of the Mahanadi River. ... Kolleru Lake is a large freshwater lake in Indias Andhra Pradesh state. ... Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Dal Lake is a famous lake in Srinagar, Kashmir, India. ... Sambhar Lake Sambhar Salt Lake is an India’s largest salt lake, sits west of the Indian city of Jaipur (Rajasthan, Northwest India). ... Sasthamkotta Lake, is a large freshwater lake in Kerala state of southern India. ...

Wetlands

India's wetland ecosystem is widely distributed from the cold and arid; from ones in the Ladakh region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir to the ones in the wet and humid climate of peninsula India. Most of the wetlands are directly or indirectly linked to India's river networks. The Indian government has identified a total of 22 wetlands for conservation. Among the protected wetlands are the tropical mangrove forests in peninsular India and the salt mudflats in western India. Tikse monastery, Ladakh Hemis Monastery in the 1870s Ladakh is the largest district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, covering more than half the area of the state (of which it is the eastern part). ... Jammu and Kashmir is the northern-most province of the Republic of India, with Srinagar as its capital and Jammu as its winter-capital. ...

Mangrove forests occur all along the Indian coastline, in sheltered estuaries, creeks, backwaters, salt marshes and mud flats. The mangrove area covers a total of 6,740 km² (2,600 mile²) which comprises 7 percent of the world's total mangrove cover. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands; the Sundarbans; Gulf of Kutch; deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna; and parts of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala have large mangrove covers. The Sundarbans delta is the largest mangrove forest in the world. ... The Gulf of Kutch is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. ...

Most of the identified wetlands adjoin or are parts of sanctuaries, national parks and are thus protected.

The Sundarbans

Main article: Sundarbans

The Sundarbans delta is the largest mangrove forest in the world. It lies at the mouth of the Ganges and is spread across areas of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. The Bangladeshi and Indian portions of the jungle are listed in the UNESCO world heritage list separately as the Sundarbans and Sundarbans National Park respectively, though they are parts of the same forest. The Sundarbans are intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests, and presents an excellent example of ongoing ecological processes. The Sundarbans delta is the largest mangrove forest in the world. ... Delta can signify: Δ or δ, a letter of the Greek alphabet. ... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal Mangrove are woody trees or shrubs that grow in coastal habitats or mangal (Hogarth, 1999), for which the term mangrove swamp also would apply. ... Early morning on the Ganges The River Ganges (Ganga in Indian languages) (Devanagiri गंगा) is a major river in northern India. ... West Bengal (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ, Pościm Bôngo) is a state in the northeast of India. ... UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, commonly known as UNESCO, is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1946. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... COUNTRY India - (West Bengal) NAME Sundarbans National Park IUCN MANAGEMENT CATEGORY I (Strict Nature Reserve) X (World Heritage) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 4. ... The tide is the regular rising and falling of the oceans surface caused by changes in gravitational forces external to the Earth. ... Mudflats are relatively flat, muddy regions found in intertidal areas. ... Ecology is sometimes used as an incorrect synonym for the natural environment. ...

The area is known for its wide range of fauna. The most famous among these is the Bengal Tiger, but numerous species of birds, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes also inhabit it. It is estimated that there are now 400 Bengal tigers and about 30,000 spotted deer in the area. Trinomial name Panthera tigris tigris The Bengal Tiger or Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is a subspecies of tiger found through the rainforests and grasslands of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, India and Nepal. ... Orders Many - see section below. ... Genera About 15 in 4 subfamilies. ... Genera Crocodylus Osteolaemus Tomistoma A crocodile can be any of the 14 species of large, water-loving reptiles in the family Crocodylidae (sometimes classified instead as the subfamily Crocodylinae). ... Superfamilies and Families Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ...

Rann of Kutch

Main article: Rann of Kutch

The Rann of Kutch is a marshy region located in the Gujarat state of India, which borders the Sindh region of Pakistan. The name Rann comes from the Hindi word ran meaning "salt marsh." It occupies a total area of 27,900 km² (10,800 mile²)^[5]. The Rann of Kutch is a marshy region located in the Gujarat state of India, which borders the Sind region of Pakistan. ... This article is about marsh, a type of wetland. ... Sindh (Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ...

The region was originally a part of the Arabian Sea. Geologic forces, most likely by earthquakes, resulted in the damming up of the region, turning it into a large salt-water lagoon. This area gradually filled with silt thus turning it into a seasonal salt marsh. During the monsoons, the area turns into a shallow marsh, often flooding to knee-depth height. After the monsoons, the region turns dry and becomes parched. A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. ...

Climate

Main article: Climate of India

India's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert. The Himalayas, along with the Hindu Kush mountains in Pakistan, provide a barrier to the cold winds from central Asia. This keeps most of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations in similar latitudes. The Thar Desert is responsible for attracting the moisture laden monsoon winds that provide most of India's rainfall. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

It is difficult to generalise India's climate. India's huge size sees climatic conditions in Kashmir having little relation to that in the extreme south. In addition to this, the varied topography of the land sees many regions having their own microclimates. Climate in India ranges from tropical in the south to a temperate climate in the north. Parts of India in the Himalayas have a polar climate. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Regions with a polar climate are characterized by a lack of warm summers (specifically, no month having an average temperature of 10°C or higher), resulting in the absence of trees in such places, which may also be covered with glaciers or a permanent or semi-permanent layer of ice. ...

Meteorologists divide the year into four main seasons for most of the country: monsoon, summer, winter and withdrawal of the monsoons. Parts of India that lie in the Himalayan region see five seasons: spring, summer, monsoons, autumn and winter. Sustained snowfalls occur only in the elevated sections.

Temperature averages in India; units are in degree Celsius.

Summer lasts between March and June in most parts of India. Temperatures exceed 40 °C (104 °F) during the day. The coastal regions exceed 30 °C (86 °F) coupled with high levels of humidity. In the Thar desert area temperatures can exceed 45 °C (113 °F). Image File history File links Temperature zones of India map; All units in degree celcius. ... Image File history File links Temperature zones of India map; All units in degree celcius. ... Humidity is the concentration of water vapor in the air. ...

Summer is followed by the southwest monsoon rains that provide most of India its rainfall. The rain-bearing clouds are attracted to the low-pressure system created by the Thar Desert. The official date for the arrival of the monsoon is 1 June, when the monsoon crosses the Kerala coast. The southwest monsoon splits into two arms, the Bay of Bengal arm and the Arabian Sea arm. The Bay of Bengal arm moves north-wards crossing northeast India in early June. It then progresses eastwards, crossing Delhi by June 29. The Arabian Sea arm moves north-wards and deposits much of its rain on the windward side of Western Ghats. By early July, most of India receives rain from the monsoons. Monsoon in the Vindhya, a mountain chain in central India A monsoon is a periodic wind, especially in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ...

The monsoons start retreating by August from northern India and by October from Kerala. This short period after the retreat is known as the retreat of the monsoons and is characterised by still weather. By November, winter starts setting in the northern areas.

Winters start in November in northern India and late December in southern India. Winters in peninsula India see mild to warm days and cool nights. Further north the temperature is cooler. Temperatures in some parts of the Indian plains sometimes fall below freezing. Most of northern India is plagued by fog during this season. Early morning fog obscures the surface of this lake in Carrollton, Georgia, but the sky remains clear. ...

The highest temperature recoded in India was 50.6 °C (123.08 °F) in Alwar in 1955. The lowest was −45 °C (−49 °F) in Kashmir. Recent claims of temperatures touching 55 °C (131 °F) in Orissa have been met with some scepticism by the Indian Meteorological Department, largely on the method of recording of such data. Alwar or Ulwar was a princely state in India during the time of British rule, in what is now Rajasthan. ... 1955 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... IMD logo The India Meteorological Department is a government of India organisation that is responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasts, detecting earthquakes etc. ...

India has a large variation in climate from region to region, due to its vast size. ...

Geology

Main article: Geology of India

Geological regions of India

India has a varied geology spanning the entire spectrum of the geological time period. India's geological features are classified based on their era of formation. The geology of India is varied and diverse. ... Image File history File links Geology of India map Map made by me, Nichalp File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India ... Image File history File links Geology of India map Map made by me, Nichalp File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India ...

The Pre-Cambrian period formations of Cudappah and Vindhyan systems are spread out over the eastern and southern states. A small part of this period is spread over western and central India. The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 542 million years before the present (BP) at the end of the Proterozoic eon and ended about 490 million years BP with the beginning of the Ordovician period. ...

The Paleozoic Era formations from the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian system are found in the Western Himalaya region in Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. The Paleozoic is a major division of the geologic timescale, one of four geologic eras. ...

The Mesozoic Era Deccan Traps formation is seen over most of the northern Deccan. Geologists believe that the Deccan Traps were the result of sub-aerial volcanic activity. The Trap soil is black in colour and conducive to agriculture. The Carboniferous system, Permian System, Triassic and Jurassic systems are seen in the western Himalayas. The Jurassic system is also seen in Rajasthan. The Mesozoic is one of three geologic eras of Phanerozoic eon. ... The Deccan Traps is a large igneous province located in west-central India and is one of the largest volcanic features on Earth. ...

Tertiary Period imprints are seen in parts of Manipur, Nagaland, parts of Arunachal Pradesh and along the Himalayan belt. The Cretaceous system is seen in central India in the Vindhyas and part of the Indo-Gangetic plains. The Gondowana system is also seen in the Narmada River area in the Vindhyas and Satpuras. The Eocene system is seen in the western Himalayas and Assam. Oligocene formations are seen in Kutch and in Assam. The Tertiary period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, from the end of the Cretaceous period about 64 million years ago to the start of the Quaternary period about 1. ...

The Pleistocene system is found over central India. It is rich in minerals such as lignite, iron ore, manganese and aluminium. The Andaman and Nicobar Island groups are thought to have been formed in this era by volcanoes. The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ...

The Himalayas are a result of the convergence and deformation of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plates. Their continued convergence raises the height of the Himalayas by 1 cm each year.

Natural disasters

Disaster prone regions in India

India is prone to several natural disasters, responsible for huge losses in life and property. Natural disasters in India include droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe cyclones; and earthquakes. Image File history File links Natural hazards of India map Map made by me, Nichalp File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India ... Image File history File links Natural hazards of India map Map made by me, Nichalp File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of India ... A natural disaster is a natural event with catastrophic consequences for living things in the vicinity. ...

Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. During the monsoon season, heavy rainfall may cause rivers to distend their banks, often flooding the surrounding areas. The Brahmaputra River is prone to perennial flooding during the monsoon season. Floods are responsible for a number of deaths and property loss in many parts of India. With the exception of a few states, almost all of India is prone to flooding. Look up Flood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. ...

Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the monsoon as a source of water. In some parts of India, the failure of the monsoons results in water deficiency in the region causing extensive crop losses. Drought prone regions include south Maharashtra, north Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat and Rajasthan. In the past, failure of monsoons has led to famines causing great damage.

Tectonic plates beneath the earth's surface are responsible for yearly earthquakes along the Himalayan belt and in northeast India. This region is classified as a Zone V, indicating that it is a very high-risk area. Parts of western India, around the Kutch region in Gujarat and Koyna in Maharashtra, are classified as a Zone IV region (high risk). Other areas have a moderate to low risk chance of an earthquake occurring. Kutch (also Cutch or Kachh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. ... Koyna may refer to: Koyna River — A river that originates in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra Koyna Nagar — A town at the site of Koyna Dam Koyna Dam — hydoelectric project providing 2250 MW of electricity Categories: Disambiguation | Stub ...

Cyclones are another natural disaster, affecting thousands living in the coastal regions. Cyclones are severe and bring with them heavy rains that cut off supplies and relief to the affected areas. On 2004-12-26, a tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake struck the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and India's east coast resulting in the loss of over ten thousand individuals. Until then India was thought to have negligible activity related to tsunamis, though there is historical anecdotal evidence of its occurrence in the past. 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ... The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami hits Thailand The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time) on December 26, 2004. ...

India has three active volcanoes; all located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Landslides are common in the Lower Himalaya owing to labile rock formations due to the young age of the hills. Parts of the Western Ghats also suffer from low intensity landslides. Avalanches occur in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Sikkim. Landslide - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A Himalayan avalanche. ...

During the summer months, dust storms cause immense property damage in northern India. These storms bring with it large amounts of dust from arid regions. Hailstones are common in parts of India, and cause severe damage to the standing crops. Hailstone Hail is a type of graupel (a form of precipitation) composed of balls or irregular lumps of ice. ...

Natural resources

India is particularly rich in a variety of natural resources. Along with 56 percent arable land, it has significant sources of Coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), Iron ore, Manganese, Mica, Bauxite, Titanium ore, Chromite, Natural gas, Diamonds, Petroleum, Limestone, Thorium (world's largest along Kerala's shores). Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground either by underground mining, open-pit mining or strip mining. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 54. ... rock with mica Mica sheet mica flakes The mica group of minerals includes several closely related materials having highly perfect basal cleavage. ... Bauxite Bauxite is a naturally occurring, heterogeneous material composed primarily of one or more aluminium hydroxide minerals, plus various mixtures of silica, iron oxide, titania, aluminosilicate, and other impurities in minor or trace amounts. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... Chromite, iron magnesium chromium oxide: (Fe,Mg)Cr2O4, is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. ... Natural gas rig Natural gas (commonly refered to as gas in many countries) is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ... A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ... Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 Petroleum (from Latin petra – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earths crust. ... Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... General Name, Symbol, Number thorium, Th, 90 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 232. ... ...

Petroleum is found off the coast of Maharashtra, Gujarat and in Assam, but meets only 40 percent of India's demand. Increasing amounts of natural gas are being discovering regularly especially off the coast of Andhra Pradesh. Uranium is mined in Andhra Pradesh and gold in the Kolar Gold Fields in Karnataka. General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 238. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... The Kolar Gold Fields one of the major gold mines in India and is located in Kolar district in Karnataka close to IT city Bangalore. ...

International agreements

India is a party to several International agreements related to environment and climate, the most prominent among them are:

Sunset at sea Wiktionary has a definition of: Sea Wiktionary has a definition of: maritime A sea is a large expanse of saline water connected with an ocean, or a large, usually saline, lake that lacks a natural outlet such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea. ... The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... Admiralty law (usually referred to as simply admiralty and also referred to as maritime law) is a distinct body of law which governs maritime questions and offenses. ... Ship Pollution is an abbreviated form of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973. ... The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is an international agreement (see environmental agreement) signed in 1946 designed to make whaling sustainable. ... Atmosphere may refer to: a celestial body atmosphere, e. ... UNFCCC logo. ... Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 at Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ... The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer from depletion by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. ... The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, often abbreviated as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), or Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (NTBT), although the former also refers to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), is a treaty... Biodiversity or biological diversity is the diversity of and in living nature. ... A dense growth of softwoods (a forest) in the Sierra Nevada Range of Northern California A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, an area set aside for hunting). ... United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa opened for signature - October 14, 1994 entered into force - December 26, 1996 objective - to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported... The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an international agreement between Governments, drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). ... note - abbreviated as Environmental Modification opened for signature - December 10, 1976 entered into force - October 5, 1978 objective - to prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among nations parties - (66) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria... note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83 opened for signature - November 18, 1983 entered into force - April 1, 1985; this agreement expired when the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994, went into force. ... note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94 opened for signature - January 26, 1994 entered into force - January 1, 1997 objective - to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to... The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands, i. ... This article is about waste matter. ... In full, Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. ... For the Second World War frigate class, see River class frigate The Murray River in Australia A waterfall on the Ova da Fedoz, Switzerland A river is a large natural waterway. ... The Indus Waters Treaty Historical context The partition of the Indian subcontinent created a conflict over the waters of the Indus basin. ...

See also

• Extreme points of India
• Geology of India
• Climate of India
• Ecoregions of India
• National parks of India
• Regions of India
• Indian subcontinent

This is a list of the extreme points of India, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location in the country. ... The geology of India is varied and diverse. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Andaman Islands rain forests (India) Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests (India) Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests (India, Myanmar) Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests (India) Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests (Bhutan, India, Nepal) Malabar Coast moist forests (India) Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests... Indias first National park was Hailey National Park, now Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1935. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ...

Notes

1. ^  The Indian government considers the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir to be a part of India. This state borders a part of Afghanistan. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 freezes the positions of Indian- and Pakistani-held territory. As a result, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistani-administered territory.
2. ^  Physical divisions
3. ^  Deccan Plateau
4. ^  The Eastern Coastal Plain
5. ^  Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh

Jammu and Kashmir is the northern-most province of the Republic of India, with Srinagar as its capital and Jammu as its winter-capital. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

References

• "Physical Divisions". The Smiling Face of our Mother Land. URL accessed on June 9, 2005.
• "Deccan Plateau". An eye on India. URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• "The Eastern Coastal Plain". Water Harvesting Techniques Prevalent in the Eastern Coastal Plain. URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• "India". CIA World Factbook. URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• "Geology of India". geohead:Earth Science on your desktop. URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• "The Land". The Great Mountains of the North. URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• "Land and Natural Resources". Terrain. URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• "The Rann of Kutch". Rann Of Kutch, Geography Of Rann Of Kutch. URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• "Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh". Terrestrial Ecoregions – Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh (IM0901). URL accessed on June 6, 2005.
• Asian and ADRC Member Countries and their Disaster Characteristics (PDF), Accessed on June 6, 2005
• Various authors (2003). Manorama Year Book 2003. Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd. ISBN 81-90461-8-7.

June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ...

External links

• Maps of India
• Ramsar Annotated List
• India in Pictures
• Explore India through images