Warman centrifugal pump in a Coal Handling and Preparation Plant (CHPP) application

A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the velocity of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits into the downstream piping system. Centrifugal pumps are used for large discharge through smaller heads Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... A Coal Preparation Plant (CPP) is a facility that washes coal of soil and rock, preparing it for transport to market. ... This article is about a mechanical device. ... An impeller is a rotor inside a tube or conduit to increase the pressure and flow of a fluid. ... A volute is a spiral scroll-like ornament such as that used on an Ionic capital. ...

History

A water or mud-lifting machine that, according to the Brazilian historian of science Reti, "must be characterized as the prototype of the centrifugal pump" appeared as early as 1475 in a treatise by the Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini.^[1] True centrifugal pumps were not developed until the late 1600's, when Denis Papin made one with straight vanes. The curved vane was introduced by British inventor John Appold in 1851. Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1395-1482) was an Italian painter of the Sienese School, who apprenticed with Vecchietta. ... Denis Papin Denis Papin (22 August 1647 - c. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

How it Works

A centrifugal pump works by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy, typically from an electric motor or turbine, to an increased static fluid pressure. This action is described by Bernoulli's principle. The rotation of the pump impeller imparts kinetic energy to the fluid as it is drawn in from the impeller eye (centre) and is forced outward through the impeller vanes to the periphery. As the fluid exits the impeller, the fluid kinetic energy (velocity) is then converted to (static) pressure due to the change in area the fluid experiences in the volute section. Typically the volute shape of the pump casing (increasing in volume), or the diffuser vanes (which serve to slow the fluid, converting to kinetic energy in to flow work) are responsible for the energy conversion. The energy conversion results in an increased pressure on the downstream side of the pump, causing flow. Bernoullis Principle states that for an ideal fluid (low speed air is a good approximation), with no work being performed on the fluid, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with decrease in pressure or a change in the fluids gravitational potential energy. ...

Multistage Centrifugal Pumps

A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. A multistage centrifugal idiot pump is having following two important functions:

• To produce a high head, and
• To discharge a large quantity of liquid.

If a high head is to be developed then the impellers are mounted on same shaft (series) while for large quantity of discharge of liquid, the impellers are mounted on different shafts (parallel).

Footnotes

Problems in Centrifugal Pumps

• Cavitation
• Stone Wall
• Surge

Cavitating propeller model in a water tunnel experiment High speed jet of fluid impact on a fixed surface. ... This article is about the physics concept of jerk. ...

See also

• Axial flow pump
• Turbopump
• Pump
• Turbine
• Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
• Specific Speed ( Ns or Nss )