Cerebrovascular disease is damage to the blood vessels in the brain, resulting in a stroke. The blood vessels can become blocked because of fat deposits, or a wandering blood clot, blocking the flow of blood to a part of the brain. Sometimes, the blood vessels may leak, break, or burst, resulting in a hemorrhagic stroke. People with diabetes are at higher risk of cerebrovascular disease. See also: Macrovascular disease.
Among whites, atherosclerosis of the cerebrovascular bed is most common at the origins of the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries in the neck and in the intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries.
Anterior cerebral artery disease causes weakness and numbness of the contralateral lower extremity and weakness of the contralateral shoulder.
Angioplasty (often with stenting) is used mainly for patients with extracranial carotid or vertebral artery occlusive disease when an artery is severely stenotic and the patient is not a surgical candidate or the arterial lesion is not surgically accessible.
The term cerebrovasculardisease includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is temporarily or permanently affected by ischemia or bleeding and one or more of the cerebral blood vessels are involved in the pathological process.
Cerebrovasculardisease is the most common life threatening neurological event in the U.S. Intracranial atherosclerosis is responsible for approximately 40,000 of these attacks per year, representing 10 percent of all ischemic strokes.
It is a disease that tends to affect children and adults in the third to fourth decades of life.
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