NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cervarix

Cervarix is a vaccine against certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) that cause cervical cancer. It received approval in May 2007 in Australia for women ages 10 to 45.^[1]. If approved in the United States, will be marketed by GlaxoSmithKline. It is designed to prevent infection from HPV types 16 and 18, which currently cause about 70% of HPV-related cervical cancer cases. Type 16 has also been found to be associated with oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma, a form of throat cancer.^[2] Additionally, "substantial" protection against virus strains 45 and 31 were shown in clinical trials.^[3] Cervarix is also formulated with AS04, a proprietary adjuvant that has been found to boost the immune system response for a longer period of time.^[4] A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to a disease. ... â€œHPVâ€ redirects here. ... GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE: GSK NYSE: GSK) is a British based pharmaceutical, biological, and healthcare company. ... Cervical cancer is a malignant cancer of the cervix. ... Proprietary indicates that a party, or proprietor, exercises private ownership, control or use over an item of property, usually to the exclusion of other parties. ... In medicine, adjuvants are agents which modify the effect of other agents while having few if any direct effects when given by themselves. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ...

Biotechnology

Cervarix is created using the L1 protein of the viral capsid. Recombinant activity in a baculovirus vector produces L1 protein spheres, which are very immunogenic. The viral proteins induce the formation of neutralizing antibodies. The vaccine contains no live virus and no DNA, so it cannot infect the patient. The vaccine was developed, in parallel, by researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center, the University of Rochester, the University of Queensland in Australia, and the U.S. National Cancer Institute ^[5] . A capsid is the outer shell of a virus. ... This article is about biological infectious particles. ... Georgetown University is an elite private research university located in Georgetown, Washington, D.C., United States. ... The University of Rochester (UR) is a private, coeducational and nonsectarian research university located in Rochester, New York. ... The University of Queensland (UQ) is the longest-established university in the state of Queensland, Australia, a member of Australias Group of Eight, and the Sandstone Universities. ... The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the United States Federal governments National Institutes of Health. ...

Indications

Cervarix is a preventative cervical cancer vaccine, not therapeutic. HPV immunity is type-specific, so a successful series of Cervarix shots will not block infection from cervical cancer-causing HPV strains other than HPV 16, 18, 31 and 45, so experts continue to recommend routine cervical Pap smears even for women who have been vaccinated.

Administration

Phase II trials demonstrated 100% protection of the vaccine against types 16 and 18 HPV, including among 1100 women from North America and Brazil.^[6] Phase III trials included over 660 women from Germany and Poland. Company officials are now conducting a clinical trial to determine whether Cervarix is more effective than rival Merck's HPV vaccine Gardasil.^[7] North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Gardasil is a vaccine against certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), based on technology created by workers at University of Rochester. ...

Longevity of the vaccination has proven so far to be at least 5.5 years.^[8] In the clinical trials, women were given three doses over a six-month span -- at 0 month, 1 month, and 6 months. The technology used in this vaccine was licensed from the University of Rochester.^[9] The University of Rochester (UR) is a private, coeducational and nonsectarian research university located in Rochester, New York. ...

On March 29, 2007 GlaxoSmithKline submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) for Cervarix (human papillomavirus vaccine, AS04 adjuvant-adsorbed), to the FDA which included data from clinical trials in almost 30,000 females 10 to 55 years of age and contains data from the largest Phase III cervical cancer vaccine efficacy trial to date.^[10] is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ...

Cervarix in Manila

On august 25, 2007 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) launched its Cervarix anti-cervical cancer vaccine in the Philippines after approval by the local Bureau of Food and Drugs which also approved a similar vaccine Gardasil (15,000 pesos or US$320; euro235 for 3 doses, produced by U.S.-based drug company Merck & Co. (MRK) on 2006). Cervarix fights types 16 and 18 of the human papillomavirus which cause 70% of cervical cancer worldwide.^[11] Professor Cecilia Llave, University of the Philippines' Cancer Institute head reported that yearly, 6,000 women develop cervical cancer in Philippines and about 4,300 of them die from the disease. In Asia Pacific, it is the 2nd most common female cancer (266,000 women affected yearly, killing 140,000).^[12] GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE: GSK NYSE: GSK) is a British based pharmaceutical, biological, and healthcare company. ... Gardasil is a vaccine against certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), based on technology created by workers at University of Rochester. ... Merck may refer to: Merck & Co. ... Species See text Papillomaviruses are viruses that commonly cause warts. ... Cervical cancer is a malignant cancer of the cervix. ... The Oblation UP Diliman, the flagship campus of the U.P. System UP Baguio UP Extension Program in Pampanga Temporary Campus UP Los BaÃ±os UP Manila This article is about the University of the Philippines System. ... This article is about the medical term. ... Map showing general definition of Asia-Pacific The term Asia-Pacific generally applies to littoral East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australasia near the Pacific Ocean, plus the states in the ocean itself (Oceania). ...

References

Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... The New England Journal of Medicine (New Engl J Med or NEJM) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Emory University is a private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A Public-private partnership dedicated to producing a preventive vaccine against HIV infection, suitable for use in the most affected developing countries. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ithaca Journal is a daily morning broadsheet newspaper published in Ithaca, New York. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Category: Vaccines The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... A vial of the vaccine against influenza. ... A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to a disease. ... A child being immunized against polio. ... Inoculation, originally Variolation, is a method of purposefully infecting a person with smallpox (Variola) in a controlled manner so as to minimise the severity of the infection and also to induce immunity against further infection. ... Vaccine topics 2000 Simpsonwood CDC conference AIDS vaccine Andrew Wakefield Edward Jenner Edward Yazbak Generation Rescue Genetics Immunization Immunology Inoculation MMR vaccine Safe Minds Timeline of vaccines Vaccination Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Vaccine controversy Vaccines and Fetal Tissue ... Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine. ... In immunology an adjuvant is an agent which, while not having any specific antigenic effect in itself, may stimulate the immune system, increasing the response to a vaccine. ... The term cancer vaccine is often used to describe a process whereby a persons immune system is coaxed into recognizing and destroying malignant cells without harming normal cells. ... DNA vaccination is a proposed experimental technique for protecting an organism against disease by injecting it with naked DNA to produce an immunological response. ... An HIV vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against HIV, the etiological agent of AIDS. As there is no known cure for AIDS, the search for a vaccine has become part of the struggle against the disease. ... A live vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a chemically weakened virus to transport pieces of the HIV virus in order to stimulate an immune response. ... It is possible to model mathematically the progress of most infectious diseases to discover the likely outcome of an epidemic or to help manage them by vaccination. ... Timeline of vaccines This is a timeline of the development of prophylactic vaccines. ... I am an elf. ... The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) consists of fifteen advisors to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), selected by the Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, to provide advice and guidance on the most effective means to prevent diseases through nation-wide vaccination campaigns. ... The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization is an alliance between various UN organizations, national governments, private foundations, NGOs and the pharmaceutical industry. ... The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System is a United States program for vaccine safety, co-sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ... Vaccine court is the popular term which refers to the Autism Omnibus Proceedings of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. ... Vaccine injury is a term used in both medicine and law to designate alleged injuries sustained by individuals subsequent to having been vaccinated. ... Vaccination policy refers to the policy a government practices in relation to vaccination. ... Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule in the United States and elsewhere has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed and marketed. ... The Vaccine Safety Datalink Project (VSD) was established, in 1990, by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the study of adverse side effects of vaccines. ... An apparatus (4-5 cm length, with nine short needles) used for BCG vaccination in Japan. ... Model of Influenza Virus from NIH The flu vaccine is a vaccine to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. ... The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immunization against measles, mumps and rubella. ... The MMRV vaccine combines the attenuated virus MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine with the addition of chickenpox vaccine. ... Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world to combat polio. ... Smallpox vacinne being administered. ... The varicella vaccine protects against the disease commonly known as chickenpox. ... Model of Influenza Virus from NIH The flu vaccine is a vaccine to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. ... Hepatitis A Vaccine, Avaxim, is a vaccine against the Hepatitis A virus. ... Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world to combat polio. ... DPT, (sometimes DTP) is a mixture of three vaccines, to immunize against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. ... A conjugate vaccine is created by covalently attaching a poor antigen to a carrier protein, thereby conferring the immunological attributes of the carrier on the attached antigen. ... Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine (Hib vaccine) is a conjugate vaccine developed for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B bacteria. ... Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), also known as Pneumovax, is a vaccine used to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infections such as pneumonia and septicaemia. ... DPT, (sometimes DTP) is a mixture of three vaccines, to immunize against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. ... Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a vaccine that targets certain sexually transmitted strains of human papillomavirus that are associated with the development of cervical cancer and genital warts. ... Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine developed for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. ... Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), also known as Pneumovax, is a vaccine used to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infections such as pneumonia and septicaemia. ... Advocates for Childrens Health Affected by Mercury Poisoning (A-CHAMP), is a United States political activism group, founded by parents, which advocates on behalf of children who were injured by mercury in thimerosal-containing vaccines, and other toxins. ... The vaccine controversy refers to doubt over the safety and efficacy of widespread vaccination. ... The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA) of 1986 (42 U.S.C. Â§Â§ 300aa-1 to 300aa-34) was enacted in the United States to reduce the potential financial liability of vaccine makers due to vaccine injury claims. ... A pox party is a normal party for children organised by parents whose kids have the chicken pox. ... The Coalition for Safe Minds (Sensible Action For Ending Mercury-Induced Neurological Disorders) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to investigating the risks of exposure to mercury from medical products. ... Following US government action to evaluate levels of environmental toxins, including mercury, it has been claimed, particularly in the context of lawsuits, that thimerosal in childhood vaccines could contribute to, or cause, a range of neurodevelopmental disorders in children, most notably autism and related Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs), or other...

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