Cesare Emiliani in the early 1950s when he was doing his pioneering research at the University of Chicago (Photo from the Archives of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami)

Cesare Emiliani (8 December 1922, Bologna, Italy - 20 July 1995, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, USA) is considered one of the greatest geologists and micropaleontologists of the 20th century and the founder of paleoceanography. December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Bologna (from Latin Bononia, Bulaggna in the local dialect) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, between the Po River and the Apennines. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Palm Beach Gardens is a city located in Palm Beach County, Florida. ... State nickname: Sunshine State, Everglade State Other U.S. States Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Governor Jeb Bush Official languages English Area 170,451 km² (22nd)  - Land 137,374 km²  - Water 30,486 km² (17. ... A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology. ... Micropaleontology, the study of microfossils, is a branch of paleontology. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

He established that the ice ages of the last half million years or so are a cyclic phenomena, which gave strong support to the hypothesis of Milankovitch and revolutionized ideas about the history of the oceans and of the glaciations. He was also the proponent of Project "LOCO" (for Long Cores) to the U.S. National Science Foundation. The project was a success providing evidence of the history of the oceans and also serving to test the hypotheses of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... A cycle is anything round, in the physical sense (e. ... Milutin Milanković (1879-1958) Milutin Milanković (a. ... Glaciation, often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator. ... The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency responsible for supporting basic science research mainly by providing research funding. ... Age of oceanic crust. ... Plate tectonics (from the Greek word for one who constructs, τεκτων, tekton) is a theory of geology developed to explain the phenomenon of continental drift, and is currently the theory accepted by the vast majority of scientists working in this area. ...

Cesare Emiliani was honored by having the genus Emiliania erected as home for the taxon huxleyi, which had previousiy been assigned to Coccolithus. He was further honored by receiving the Vega Medal of the Swedish Royal Geographic Society in 1983, and the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1989 for his isotopic studies on Pleistocene and Holocene planktic foraminifera. See genus (mathematics) for the use of the term in mathematics. ... A taxon (plural taxa) is an element of a taxonomy, e. ... 1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine. ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The word isotopic has a number of different meanings, including: In the physical sciences, to do with chemical isotopes; In mathematics, to do with a relation called isotopism. ... The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ... The Holocene Epoch is a geologic period that extends from the present back about 10,000 radiocarbon years. ... Photomontage of plankton organisms Plankton are the weakly swimming but mostly drifting small organisms that inhabit the water column of the ocean, seas, and bodies of freshwater. ... Orders Allogromiida Carterinida Fusulinida - extinct Globigerinida Involutinida Lagenida Miliolida Robertinida Rotaliida Silicolocunida Spirillinida Textulariida The Foraminifera, or forams for short, are a large group of amoeboid protists with reticulating pseudopods, fine strands that branch and merge to form a dynamic net. ...

Biography

Cesare Emiliani was born on December 8, 1922 in Bologna, Italy. His parents were Luigi and Maria (Manfredidi) Emiliani.

Academic Life

Cesare Emiliani studied geology at the University of Bologna in post-war Italy and earned his first doctorate in Geology (micropaleontology) also at Bologna in 1945. After graduation he worked as a micropaleontologist with the Societa Idrocarburi Nationali in Florence from 1946–48. In 1948 he was offered and accepted the Rollin D. Salisbury Fellowship in the Department of Geology at the University of Chicago where he subsequently obtained is second Ph.D. in Geology (isotopic paleoclimatology) in 1950. From 1950 to 1956 he was Research Associate in Harold Urey’s Geochemistry Laboratory in the Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was a chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 and later led him to theories of planetary evolution. ... The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of rocks and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earths chemical components in time and space. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 – November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on beta decay, the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for the development of quantum theory. ...

In 1957 Cesare Emiliani was working on Foraminifera (microscopic skilled organisms quite abundant in the fossil record) and was particularly interested in great climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age. He was sure these tiny shells deposited in the ubiquitous ooze that coats the sea bottom held important clues. For that reason he was looking at the time for a place to work where there were ships and trained personnel to help him to obtain core samples of the deep-sea sediments for his studies. An interview with Dr. Walton Smith convinced Cesare that the University of Miami’s Institute of Marine Science, later to become the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences[1] (http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/), was the right place to conduct his research and thus he moved there that same year. In 1967 he was named Chairman of the Division of Geology and Geophysics at the Institute. At that time he organized the department of Geological Sciences on the main campus of the University of Miami and remained its Chairman until his retirement in 1993. Orders Allogromiida Carterinida Fusulinida - extinct Globigerinida Involutinida Lagenida Miliolida Robertinida Rotaliida Silicolocunida Spirillinida Textulariida The Foraminifera, or forams for short, are a large group of amoeboid protists with reticulating pseudopods, fine strands that branch and merge to form a dynamic net. ...

Comments about Cesare Emiliani

Comments made by Barbara H. Lidz of the USGS, a colleague and former disciple of Cesare Emiliani. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. ...

"Cesare inspired and instilled a sense of excitement for the potential and many multidisciplinary ramifications, far removed from isotopic studies and biostratigraphic dating, that planktic foraminifera can hold for deciphering the geologic record.

...

Stimulated by the curious, mysterious, and unknown, and fluent in many languages, Cesare commanded an incredible amount of knowledge on any subject - mathematics, the world's histories and religions, classical art, literature and music - yet answers to some questions frustratingly eluded him.

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Cesare's highest regard was for his family, to whom he was a devoted husband, father, and grandfather, yet he had a genuine interest in and concern for students, friends, and colleagues. His charismatic nature was imbued with a wonderful sense of humor and an uncommon generosity.

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Cesare was and will continue to be a singular inspiration to all whose lives he touched. He was truly a remarkable man, especially to be such a friend to so many."

Extract of Cesare Emiliani obituary in Marine Micropaleontology, an Elsevier journal publication.

Elsevier Science (short Elsevier) is one of the largest publishers of scientific literature. ...

Popular works by Cesare Emiliani

• Emiliani, Cesare. (1992). Planet Earth : Cosmology, Geology, & the Evolution of Life & the Environment. Cambridge University Press. (Paperback Edition ISBN 0521409497)
• Emiliani, Cesare. (1995). The Scientific Companion : Exploring the Physical World with Facts, Figures, and Formulas (Wiley Popular Science) (2nd Edition). Wiley. (Paperback Edition ISBN 0471133248)
• Emiliani, Cesare. (1993). Dictionary of Physical Sciences. Oxford University Press. (Paperback Edition ISBN 0195036522)

Prominent works by Cesare Emiliani

• Emiliani C (1954) Depth habitats of some species of pelagic foraminifera as indicated by oxygen isotope ratios. American Journal of Science 252:149–158
• Emiliani C (1954) Temperature of Pacific bottom waters and polar superficial waters during the Tertiary. Science 119:853–855
• Emiliani C (1956) Oligocene and Miocene temperature of the equatorial and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geology 64:281–288
• Emiliani C (1956) On paleotemperatures of Pacific bottom waters. Science 123:460–461
• Emiliani C (1957) Temperature and age analysis of deepsea cores. Science 125:383–385
• Emiliani C (1961) The temperature decrease of surface water in high latitudes and of abysssal-hadal water in open oceanic basins during the past 75 million years. Deep-Sea Research 8:144–147
• Emiliani C (1965) Precipitous continental clopes and considerations on the transitional crust. Science 147:145–148
• Emiliani C (1966) Isotopic paleotemperatures. Science 154: 851–857
• Emiliani C (1966). Paleotemperature analysis of Caribbean cores P6304-8 and P6304-9 and a generalized temperature curve for the past 425,000 years. Journal of Geology 74:109–124
• Emiliani C (1968) The Pleistocene epoch and the evolution of man. Current Anthropology 9:27–47
• Emiliani C (1969) Interglacials, high sea levels and the control of Greenland ice by the precession of the equinoxes. Science 166:1503–1504
• Emiliani C (1969) A new paleontology. Micropaleontology 15:265–300
• Emiliani C (1970) Pleistocene paleotemperatures. Science 168:822–825
• Emiliani C (1971) The amplitude of Pleistocene climatic cycles at low latitudes and the isotopic composition of glacial ice. In: Turekian KK (ed) Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages. New Haven, CO: Yale University Press, pp 183–197
• Emiliani C (1971) Depth habitats and growth stages of pelagic formanifera. Science 173:1122–1124
• Emiliani C (1971) Paleotemperature variations across the Plio-Pleistocene boundary at the type section. Science 171:600–602
• Emiliani C (1978) The cause of the ice ages. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 37:347–354
• Emiliani C (1981) A new global geology. In: Emiliani C (ed) The Oceanic Lithosphere. The Sea (8th edn). Vol. 7. New York: Wiley Interscience, pp 1687–738
• Emiliani C (1982) Extinctive evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 97:13–33
• Emiliani C (1987) Dictionary of Physical Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Emiliani C (1988) The Scientific Companion. New York: Wiley
• Emiliani C (1989) The new geology or the old role of the geological sciences in science education. Journal of Geological Education 37:327–331
• Emiliani C (1991) Avogadro number and mole: a royal confusion. Journal of Geological Education 39:31–33
• Emiliani C (1991) Planktic et al. Marine Micropaleontology 18:3
• Emiliani C (1991) Planktic/planktonic, nektic/nektonic, benthic/benthonic. Journal of Paleontology 65:329
• Emiliani C, Ericson DB (1991) The glacial/interglacial temperature range of the surface water of the ocean at low latitudes. In: Taylor HP, O’Neil JR, Kaplan IR (eds) Special Publication: Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Pennsylvania: Geochemical Society, University Park, pp 223–228
• Emiliani C (1992) The Moon as a piece of Mercury. Geologische Rundschau 81:791–794
• Emiliani C (1992) Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology, and the Evolution of Life and Environment. New York: Cambridge University Press
• Emiliani C (1992) Pleistocene paleotemperatures. Science 257:1188–1189
• Emiliani C (1993) Milankovitch theory verified; discussion. Nature 364:583
• Emiliani C (1993) Calendar reform. Nature 366:716
• Emiliani C (1993) Extinction and viruses. BioSystems 31:155–159
• Emiliani C (1993) Paleoecological implications of Alaskan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolatitudes: Comment. Geology 21:1151–1152
• Emiliani C (1993) Viral extinctions in deep-sea species. Nature 366:217–218
• Emiliani C (1995) Redefinition of atomic mass unit, Avogadro constant, and mole. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59:1205–1206
• Emiliani C (1995) Tropical paleotemperatures: discussion. Science 268:1264
• Emiliani C, Edwards G (1953) Tertiary ocean bottom temperatures. Nature 171:887–888
• Emiliani C, Epstein S (1953) Temperature variations in the lower Pleistocene of Southern California. Journal of Geology 61:171–181
• Emiliani C, Gartner S, Lidz B (1972) Neogene sedimentation on the Blake Plateau and the emergence of the Central American Isthmus. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 11:1–10
• Emiliani C, Gartner S, Lidz B, Eldridge K, Elvey DK, Huang PC, Stipp JJ, Swanson M (1975) Paleoclimatological analysis of late Quaternary cores from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Science 189:1083–1088
• Emiliani C, Geiss J (1959) On glaciations and their causes. Geologische Rundschau 46:576–601
• Emiliani C, Harrison CG, Swanson M (1969) Underground nuclear explosions and the control of earthquakes. Science 165:1255–1256
• Emiliani C, Mayeda T, Selli R (1961) Paleotemperature analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene section at le Castella, Calabria, southern Italy. Geological Society of America Bulletin 72:679–688
• Emiliani C, Milliman JD (1966) Deep-sea sediments and their geological record. Earth Science Reviews 1:105–132
• Emiliani C, Price DA, Seipp J (1991) Is the Postglacial artifical? In: Taylor HP, O’Neil JR, Kaplan IR (eds) Special Publication: Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Pennsylvania: Geochemical Society, University Park, pp 229–231
• Emiliani C, Shackleton NJ (1974) The Brunhes Epoch: paleotemperature and geochronology. Science 183:511–514
• Emiliani C, Kraus EB, Shoemaker EM (1981) Sudden death at the end of the Mesozoic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 55:327–334