NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cessna Citation X

The Cessna Citation X (X as in the Roman numeral for ten, not the letter) is a long range medium business jet aircraft. The X is currently the fastest civilian jet in production with a top speed of Mach 0.92 (703 mph). This also makes it the fastest business jet in history. The Citation X is powered by two Rolls-Royce turbofan engines and is built by the Cessna Aircraft Company in Wichita, Kansas. The Citation brand of business jets encompasses six distinct "families" of aircraft. Although based on the earlier Citation III, VI and VII models the Citation X is a significantly different airplane. It utilizes a totally new wing design, engines, and features a glass cockpit. Business jet, private jet or, in slang, bizjet is a term describing a jet aircraft, usually of modest size, designed for transporting small groups of business people for commercial reasons at a time convenient to their business needs. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... Cessna Aircraft Company, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, is a manufacturer of general aviation aircraft, from small two-seat, single-engine aircraft to business jets. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. ... Business jet, private jet or, in slang, bizjet is a term describing a jet aircraft, usually of modest size, designed for transporting small groups of business people for commercial reasons at a time convenient to their business needs. ... Flying machine redirects here. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Cessna Aircraft Company, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, is a manufacturer of general aviation aircraft, from small two-seat, single-engine aircraft to business jets. ... For other uses, see Wichita (disambiguation). ... The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. ...

Development

The development of the Citation X was first announced at the National Business Aviation Association Convention in New Orleans in October 1990. Originally scheduled for August 1995, the certification of the Cessna Citation X was delayed several times. First, failure of the airframe and engine to meet Federal Aviation Administration requirements caused the planned certification date postponement to late November 1995. The main delay reasons were troubles integrating the avionics and the engine to the aircraft, high-altitude and low speed engine flame out (high wing attack angles caused insufficient airflow), engines not meeting the bird strike criteria and directional stability challenges. Efforts to increase the maximum take-off weight of the Citation X by about 800 pounds again delayed the FAA certification schedule, this time to April 1996. These changes were aimed at permitting a full-fuel payload of 1,400 pounds (seven passengers) but Cessna had difficulty achieving a balance between reducing Citation X cabin noise and minimizing the extra weight of sound-dampening materials. The certification, FAA FAR Part 25, Amendment 74, Certification 3, was finally achieved on June 3, 1996. National Business Aviation Association or NBAA, is a non-profit and nonpartisan 501(c)6 corporation based in Washington, DC. The Association has existed for over 55 years and as of this writing, represents more then 7,000 companies. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... FAA redirects here. ... F-16 canopy after a bird strike A bird strike (sometimes birdstrike, bird hit, or BASH [bird aircraft strike hazard]) in aviation, is a collision between an airborne animal (most often a bird, but also sometimes another species) and a man made vehicle, especially aircraft. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

The first Citation X was delivered in June 1996 to golfer and long-time Cessna customer Arnold Palmer. Once in use, the Citation X continued to set speed records. Arnold Palmer set one of them in September of 1997: 473 knots on a 5,000 km closed course. In February 1997, the Citation X design team was awarded the National Aeronautic Association's Robert J. Collier Trophy. The Citation X was approved by Transport Canada on May 22, 1998 and by the European Joint Aviation Authorities in 1999. In October 2000, Cessna announced an upgrade for all Citation Xs to be delivered after January 1, 2002. The main characteristics of this upgraded version are a 5% increase in thrust, a 400 lb increase in maximum take-off weight and improved Honeywell avionics. This article is about the golfer. ... The primary mission of NAA is the advancement of the art, sport, and science of aviation and space flight by fostering opportunities to participate fully in aviation activities and by promoting public understanding of the importance of aviation and space flight to the United States. ... Herbert Hoover presents the Collier Trophy to NACA Chairman Joseph Ames in 1929 The Collier Trophy is the most prestigious award in the aviation field, given once a year to those that have made the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, with respect to improving the performance, efficiency... Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing regulations, policies and services of transportation in Canada. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... The Joint Aviation Authorities, or JAA, is the predominant regulatory body for aviation in Europe. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

When the Citation X was announced, the Citation 650 series, the "family" at the top of the product line, which includes the Citations III, VI, and VII, was eight years old. In 1990, Cessna made a proposition for an improved 650 model to their Customer Advisory Council. The council was interested in some new elements such as increased speed and a pressurized baggage compartment. This pushed Cessna towards the Citation X program, which became the new 750 series.

Moreover, Cessna wanted to improve the image of the Citation family. The Citation models that emerged in the 1970s were originally intended to be practical and with good handling qualities. Consequently, they turned out to be much slower than the competing Learjets. Cessna had difficulties in shedding of the popular image of the Citation as a slow airplane, even though their jets had eventually become as fast as the competition. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... Learjet is a manufacturer of business jets for civilian and military use. ...

Design

Despite Cessna's long history of building business jets and the number of aircraft in the Citation family, the Citation X was in many ways a completely new aircraft. The wing, tail, tail cone, gear, and systems are designed from scratch and not based on pre-existing aircraft. The Citation X is also the first aircraft from Cessna to use a Rolls-Royce engine and fully-integrated avionics. Although the Citation X may look similar to its predecessors, it is almost entirely composed of new parts. Part commonality is limited to some cockpit controls, the windshield, and the tail light bulb. The pressure bulkhead is also similar to previous designs. The Citation X has the same fuselage diameter as the Citations VI and VII; however, the wing attachment to the fuselage is different from the attachment in any previous Citation.

The aircraft incorporates a number of innovative design features. One attribute that is often first noticed is the large diameter of the engine intakes. This feature, related to the high bypass ratio turbofan, reduces the noise from the engines and improves fuel efficiency. Another obvious characteristic is the highly swept wing with a supercritical airfoil, used in order to increase the critical Mach number and therefore the top speed. The Citation X has 37 degrees of sweepback at the quarter chord, more than any other business jet and, among civil aircraft, second only to the Boeing 747's 37.5 degrees. The horizontal and vertical stabilizers are also highly swept and are arranged in a T-tail configuration. In aeronautical engineering, and jet engine design in particular, bypass ratio is a common measurement that compares the amount of air deliberately blown past the engine to that moving through the core. ... The swept wing of an airliner: British Midland Airbus A320-200 A swept-wing is a wing planform used on high-speed aircraft that spend a considerable portion of their flight time in the transonic. ... A Supercritical airfoil is an airfoil designed, primarily, to delay the onset of wave drag in the transonic speed range. ... An F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier. ... The Boeing 747, sometimes nicknamed the Jumbo Jet,[4][5] is a long-haul, widebody commercial airliner manufactured by Boeing in the United States. ...

Airframe

A significant amount of effort throughout the design process was directed towards reducing the Citation X's total drag. The resulting design includes an area-ruled fuselage for efficient transonic flight, and the aforementioned highly swept supercritical wing. Unlike those on previous Citation aircraft, the Citation X's wing is slung below the fuselage rather than passing through it. This allows increased volume in the fuselage, a one-piece wing, and simplified wing-fuselage connections. Junkers patent drawing from March 1944. ... A supercritical wing is a kind of wing designed particularly to fly at supersonic speeds. ...

Engines

The Citation X is powered by two Rolls-Royce/Allison AE 3007C1 engines, each with a thrust of 6700 lbf (30 kN), pod-mounted on the sides of the rear fuselage. It is the first Cessna aircraft to be powered by a Rolls-Royce engine. The engine has solid titanium blades and a three-stage low-pressure turbine. The engine's fan has a 5 to 1 bypass ratio for improved fuel efficiency and low acoustic signature. This article is about the aircraft engine company. ... The Allison Engine Company was an aircraft engine manufacturer that was acquired by Rolls-Royce in 1995. ... The AE 3007 is a turbofan engine produced by Rolls-Royce. ... General Name, symbol, number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ...

Powered controls

Another first for Cessna is the inclusion of powered controls in the Citation X. The controls are powered by dual-hydraulic systems for redundancy. There are two elevators and the tailplane is all-moving for trim. The rudder is in two pieces: the lower portion is hydraulically-powered and the upper portion is electrically powered. Each wing has five spoiler panels, to be used both for roll control (in addition to the ailerons) and as speed brakes. One of the major challenges of the Citation X design was finding enough space in the wing to run all the necessary hydraulic lines. As Paul Kalberer, the chief engineer of the Citation X program, explained, the Citation X needs just as many hydraulic pumps and actuators as a Boeing aircraft, but has much less space inside the wings. The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661) is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William Edward Boeing. ...

Avionics

Honeywell provides the avionics system for the glass cockpit. The Honeywell Primus 2000 EFIS flight director system is composed of five 7"x8" CRT screens. Dual flight management systems with GPS are standard. Honeywell Heating Specialties Company Stock Certificate dated 1924 signed by Mark C. Honeywell - courtesy of Scripophily. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... EFIS is a stucco material usually applied to rigid insulation to provide an exterior protective coating on buildings. ... Over fifty GPS satellites such as this NAVSTAR have been launched since 1978. ...

Speed

The Cessna Citation X is the fastest civilian aircraft currently being flown at Mach .92, as the supersonic Concorde and Tupolev Tu-144 are no longer in use. The proposed Gulfstream G650 is planned to top the Citation X's speed record by .005 Mach.^[1] For other uses, see Concorde (disambiguation). ... The Tupolev Tu-144 (NATO reporting name: Charger) was the first supersonic transport aircraft (SST), constructed under the direction of the Soviet Tupolev design bureau headed by Alexei Tupolev (1925â€“2001). ...

Specifications

General characteristics

In military aircraft or space exploration, the payload is the carrying capacity of an aircraft or space ship, including as cargo, munitions, scientific instruments or experiments, or external fuel, although internal fuel is usually not included. ... The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft can achieve flight. ... The AE 3007 is a turbofan engine produced by Rolls-Royce. ...

Performance

V speeds are speeds that define certain performance and limiting characteristics of an aircraft. ... V speeds are speeds that define certain performance and limiting characteristics of an aircraft. ... The maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft, or cross-country speed and environmental conditions in unpowered aircraft. ... In aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditons The service ceiling attempts to capture the maximum usable altitude of an aircraft. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. ...

See also

Comparable aircraft The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. ...

Hawker 800SP A Hawker 800 on the tarmac The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twin-engine corporate aircraft. ... The Canadair Challenger business jet is a family of mid-sized jets produced by Bombardier Aerospace. ... The Falcon is a family of business jets manufactured by Dassault Aviation. ...

References

2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Cessna Aircraft Company, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, is a manufacturer of general aviation aircraft, from small two-seat, single-engine aircraft to business jets. ... The Cessna Model A was a 1920s American high-wing four-seat tourer built by the Cessna Aircraft Company, the first in long line of high-wing single-engined monoplanes. ... In the years just following the end of World War II, Cessna first began production of two-seat general aviation aircraft with the Cessna 120 and the Cessna 140. ... In the years just following the end of World War II, Cessna first began production of two-seat general aviation aircraft with the Cessna 120 and the Cessna 140. ... Cessna 150s produced before 1964, such as this 1962 Cessna 150B, had square fins and no rear window A 1964 Cessna 150D. The 1964 model 150D and the 150E had an Omni-Vision rear window, but retained the square fin of the earlier 150 The 1965 Cessna 150E was the... The Cessna 152 is a two-seat, fixed tricycle gear, general aviation airplane, used primarily for flight training, touring, and personal flying. ... The Model 162 Skycatcher is a two-seat light-sport aircraft. ... The Cessna 165, also known as the Cessna Airmaster or the C-34, is a single engine aircraft manufactured by the Cessna aircraft company. ... Cessna 170. ... Cessna 172RG 1964 Cessna 172E 1965 Cessna F172G 1971 Cessna 172 The early Cessna 172 Skyhawks had no rear window and featured a square fin design, like this 1957 model 1977 Cessna 172XP 1977 Cessna 172M Cessna 172R Panel of C-GLFC The Cessna 172 Skyhawk is a four-seat... A Cessna 175A Skylark lands at Carelton Place, Ontario, Airport 2004 The Cessna 175 Skylark was a four-seat, single-engine, high-wing airplane that was produced between 1958 and 1962. ... Cessna 177B Cardinal at Smiths Falls, Ontario 2004 Cessna 177RG Cardinal RG at the COPA Flight 33 Arnprior, Ontario Fly-in 10 July 2005 The Cardinal badge sported by many Cessna 177 and 177RG aircraft Cessna 177B Cardinal at the COPA Convention, Wetaskiwin, Alberta June 2005 The Cessna 177 Cardinal... The Cessna 180 is a four- or six-seat, fixed conventional gear general aviation airplane which was produced between 1953 and 1981. ... The Cessna 182, marketed under the name Skylane, is a four-seat, high performance, single-engine, light airplane. ... Cessna 185 (C-FFXO) Skywagon II at Cambridge Bay Airport, Nunavut, Canada The Cessna 185 also know as the Skywagon is a six seat, single engined, general aviation light aircraft. ... The Cessna 188 is a family of light agricultural airplanes produced between 1966 and 1983 by the Cessna Aircraft Company. ... 1951 Cessna 195 The Cessna 190 and 195 are light single engine general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954. ... 1951 Cessna 195 The Cessna 190 and 195 are light single engine general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954. ... The Cessna 205, 206, and 207, known variously as the Skywagon, Super Skywagon, and Stationair is a development of the popular Cessna line of high-wing, single-engine piston aircraft used for general aviation. ... The Cessna 205, 206, and 207, known variously as the Skywagon, Super Skywagon, and Stationair is a development of the popular Cessna line of high-wing, single-engine piston aircraft used for general aviation. ... The Cessna 205, 206, and 207, known variously as the Skywagon, Super Skywagon, and Stationair is a development of the popular Cessna line of high-wing, single-engine piston aircraft used for general aviation. ... The Cessna 208 Caravan, also known as the Cargomaster, is a single turboprop engine, fixed-gear short-haul regional airliner and utility aircraft built in the USA by Cessna. ... The Cessna 210 Centurion is a 6 seat, high-performance, retractable-gear single-engine general aviation aircraft which was first flown in January 1957. ... The Cessna L-19/O-1 Bird Dog, was the first all metal fixed wing aircraft ordered for and by the US Army, since the US Army Air Force separated from the army in 1947, becoming its own branch of service, the United States Air Force. ... Cessna 350 at Sun n Fun 2006 The Cessna 350 is a composite construction, single-engine, normally-aspirated, fixed-gear, low-wing general aviation aircraft built by Cessna Aircraft. ... Cessna 400s Continental TSIO-550-C engine installation The Cessna 400 is a single-engine, fixed-gear, low-wing general aviation aircraft built from composite materials by Cessna Aircraft. ... The Cessna Next Generation Piston Aircraft (NGP) is a proof-of-concept design for a future family of single engine, fixed gear, high cantilever wing, light aircraft intended for personal, flight training and commercial use. ... The Cessna AT-17 Bobcat was a twin-engined advanced trainer aircraft used by the United States during World War II to bridge the gap between single-engine trainers and twin-engine combat aircraft. ... Cessna T303 Crusader (N11FV) The Cessna 303, also called the Crusader, is a six-place light twin aircraft. ... 1968 Cessna 310N The Cessna 310 was the first twin-engine aircraft design from Cessna to enter production after World War II. The 310 first flew on January 3, 1953 with deliveries starting in late 1954. ... 1968 Cessna 310N The Cessna 310 was the first twin-engine aircraft design from Cessna to enter production after World War II. The 310 first flew on January 3, 1953 with deliveries starting in late 1954. ... A Cessna 337 Super Skymaster The Cessna Skymaster is a twin-engine civil utility aircraft built in a push-pull configuration. ... A Cessna 337 Super Skymaster The Cessna Skymaster is a twin-engine civil utility aircraft built in a push-pull configuration. ... The Cessna 340 is a twin piston engine pressurized business aircraft that was manufactured by Cessna. ... The Cessna 402 is a 6 to 10 place light twin piston engine aircraft. ... The Cessna 402 is a 6 to 10 place light twin piston engine aircraft. ... Cessna Model 404 Titan II is a twin engined, propeller driven light aircraft that first flew in 1977. ... Reims-Cessna 406 Caravan II The Reims-Cessna 406 Caravan II is a twin turboprop aircraft manufactured and designed by Reims Aviation in France in cooperation with Cessna. ... Cessna Model 411 is a 1960s American twin-engined, propeller driven light aircraft built by Cessna Aircraft. ... The Cessna 414 is a light, twin-engine personal transport aircraft built by Cessna from 1968 until the mid 1980s, when decreased demand across the general aviation industry forced nearly all manufacturers to cut down on production models. ... A Cessna 421B Golden Eagle at Smiths Falls Airport June 2006 Cessna 421B Golden Eagle with aftermarket RAM modified engines A Cessna 421B Golden Eagle, front view A Cessna 421B Golden Eagle at Carp Airport December 2006 The Cessna 421 Golden Eagle is a development of the earlier Cessna 411... The Cessna 425 or Conquest I is an 8 seat pressurised turbine aircraft. ... The Cessna 441 Conquest was the first turboprop designed by Cessna and was meant to fill the gap between their jets and piston-engined aircraft. ... The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. ... The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. ... Cessna Citation III (US registration N650DR) takes off from Bristol International Airport, Bristol, England The Cessna Citation III was the first of the Model 650 series of Citation jets, which are mid-sized, high-performance business jets. ... The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. ... Cessna 560XL Citation Excel of the Swiss Air Force The Cessna Citation Excel, Model 560XL, is a turbofan-powered small-to-medium sized business jet built by the Cessna Aircraft Company in Wichita, Kansas. ... The Cessna Citation Sovereign is a development of the Cessna Citation X, sharing the same basic fuselage design but sacraficing the Citation Xs speed for increased range and passenger comfort. ... The Cessna Citation CJ1 (Model 525) is the first and smallest of the CJ series of Cessna aircraft. ... The Cessna Citation Mustang, Model 510, is a very light jet (VLJ) class business jet built by Cessna Aircraft Company at their Independence, Kansas production facility. ... The Cessna AT-17 Bobcat was a twin-engined advanced trainer aircraft used by the United States during World War II to bridge the gap between single-engine trainers and twin-engine combat aircraft. ... The Cessna L-19/O-1 Bird Dog, was the first all metal fixed wing aircraft ordered for and by the US Army, since the US Army Air Force separated from the army in 1947, becoming its own branch of service, the United States Air Force. ... The O-2 Skymaster (also known as the Oscar Deuce or The Duck) is a military version of the Cessna 337 Super Skymaster. ... 1951 Cessna 195 The Cessna 190 and 195 are light single engine general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954. ... T-37s in formation One of the most prominent of the trainer-attack type aircraft is the Cessna T-37/A-37, known in various forms as the Tweety Bird, Tweet, Dragonfly, or Super Tweet. ... The Cessna T-37 Tweet[1] is one of the most prominent of the trainer-attack type aircraft. ... The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. ... Aviation encompasses all the activities relating to airborne devices created by human ingenuity, generally known as aircraft. ... This is a timeline of aviation history. ... This list of aircraft is sorted alphabetically, beginning with the name of the manufacturer (or, in certain cases, designer). ... This is a list of aircraft manufacturers (in alphabetic order). ... List of aircraft engines: // Two- and four-stroke rotary, radial, inline. ... This is a list of aircraft engine manufacturers both past and present. ... This is a list of airlines in operation (by continents and country). ... This is a list of air forces, sorted alphabetically by country, followed by a list of former countries air forces. ... This is an incomplete list of aircraft weapons, past and present. ... Below is a list of (links to pages on) missiles, sorted alphabetically by name. ... A Boeing 720 being flown under remote control as part of NASAs Controlled Impact Demonstration The following is a list of Unmanned aerial vehicles developed and operated by various countries around the world. ... This is a list of experimental aircraft. ... The SR-71 Blackbird is the current record holder. ... Flight distance records without refueling. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of altitude records reached by different aircraft types. ... The flight endurance record is the amount of time spent in the air. ... Aircraft with a production run greater than 5,000 aircraft. ...

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