Tapeworm is also an older name for a type of computer virus.

Cestoda
Scolex of Taenia solium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Subkingdom: Eumetazoa (unranked) Bilateria Superphylum: Platyzoa Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Cestoda
Orders
Subclass Cestodaria Amphilinidea Gyrocotylidea Subclass Eucestoda Aporidea Caryophyllidea Cyclophyllidea Diphyllidea Lecanicephalidea Litobothridea Nippotaeniidea Proteocephalidea Pseudophyllidea Spathebothriidea Tetraphyllidea Trypanorhyncha Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Tapeworm as of 2002: Maynard James Keenan, Danny Lohner, Atticus Ross, Trent Reznor Tapeworm is a now-defunct side-project of Nine Inch Nails which existed in various forms since the mid-1990s. ... A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user. ... Tenia solium, a parasitic cestode worm, showing its scolex. ... Orders Subclass Cestodaria Amphilinidea Gyrocotylidea Subclass Eucestoda Aporidea Caryophyllidea Cyclophyllidea Diphyllidea Lecanicephalidea Litobothridea Nippotaeniidea Proteocephalidea Pseudophyllidea Spathebothriidea Tetraphyllidea Trypanorhyncha In biology, Cestoda is the class of parasitic flatworms, called tapeworms, that live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates as adults and often in the bodies of various animals as juveniles. ... Scientific classification redirects here. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... subgroups Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria Eumetazoa is a clade comprising all major animal groups except sponges. ... Illustration of the different types of symmetry of Life Forms On Earth. ... The Platyzoa are a group of protostome animals. ... Classes Monogenea Trematoda Cestoda Turbellaria The flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Greek platy: flat; helminth: worm) are a phylum of relatively simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. ... In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: no content If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... Orders Aporidea Caryophyllidea Cyclophyllidea Diphyllidea Lecanicephalidea Litobothridea Nippotaeniidea Proteocephalidea Pseudophyllidea Spathebothriidea Tetraphyllidea Trypanorhyncha Eucestoda is the larger of the two subclasses of flatworms in the class Cestoda. ... The Caryophyllideans are a group of tapeworms that infect fish and annelids (segmented worms) with a simple scolex or head. ... Families Dipylidiidae Hymenolepididae Taeniidae … Tapeworms of the order Cyclophyllidea (the cyclophyllid cestodes) are the most important cestode parasites of humans and domesticated animals. ... Pseudophyllid cestodes (order pseudophyllidea) are a kind of flatworm with multiple segments (proglottids) and two bothria or sucking grooves as adults. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Families Subclass Acystidea Paranybeliniidae Tentaculariidae Hepatoxylidae Sphyriocephalidae Subclass Cystidea Dasyrhynchidae Mustelicolidae Lacistorhynchidae Pterobothriidae Gymnorhynchidae Otobothriidae Rhinoptericolidae Tetrarhynchobothriidae Gilquiniidae Eutetrarhynchidae Hornelliellidae Pseudogrillotiidae Trypanorhyncha is an order of cestode. ...

Cestoda is the class of parasitic flatworms, commonly called tapeworms, that live in the digestive tract of vertebrates as adults and often in the bodies of various animals as juveniles. A parasite is an organism that lives in or on the living tissue of a host organism at the expense of it. ... Classes Monogenea Trematoda Cestoda Turbellaria Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Platyhelminthes Wikispecies has information related to: Platyhelminthes The flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes from the Greek platy, meaning flat and helminth, meaning worm) are a phylum of relatively simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. ... For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Puntado Worm- Tapeworm from Balli that enters body through consumption of raw fish, meat, and fruit. Causes in-fertility in most cases.

Overview

Authors Craig and Ito, in Intestinal Cestodes describe the gut-dwelling worm as a segmented, band like (Cestoda) in its adult stage (Craig & Ito 2007:524). What occurs in tissues and organs of vertebrates or humans, is the growth of a cyst-like juvenile or metacestode stage. The potential cause of illnesses and diseases is due to the metacestode stages happening in human tissues rather than the adult tapeworm (Craig and Ito 2007:524).

The tegument is the body surface of the adult tapeworm and due to this the tapeworms take the host nutrients and not attack the mucosa of the small intestine, or remove blood, hence infections are instead benevolent and most often don't show any signs of illness (Craig & Ito 2007:524). A carrier can notice the segments (proglottides) when using the bathroom for instance in the feces in a toilet bowl, around a latrine or frequently because the tapeworms are moving around constantly one may find it in the under-garments (Craig and Ito 2007: 524).

Life cycle

The life cycle of a tapeworm starts with an animal eating undercooked, infected meat. The tapeworm will then grow and release small packages with fertilized eggs and sperm. These packages are excreted by the host. If they happen to, for example, land in grass, the package will open and by that time, the tape worm eggs will have developed. The eggs are released onto the grass. If a cow were to eat that grass, the eggs would become larvae and burrow into the cow's muscle. If that cow were eaten without being completely cooked, the whole cycle would start again.

Scolex

The Scolex or "head" of the worm attaches to the intestine of the definitive host. In some groups, the scolex is dominated by bothria, which are sometimes called "sucking grooves", and function like suction cups. Other groups have hooks and suckers that aid in attachment. Cyclophyllid cestodes can be identified by the presence of four suckers on their scolex, though they may have other structers. In parasitology, an intermediate host is an organism that is infected with a parasite that will not reproduce sexually within it, while a definitive host is one in which the parasite reproduces. ... Tapeworms of the order Cyclophyllidea (the cyclophyllid cestodes) are the most important cestode parasites of humans and domesticated animals. ...

While the scolex is often the most distinctive part of an adult tapeworm, it is often unnoticed in a clinical setting as it is inside the patient. Thus, identifying eggs and proglottids in feces is important.

Muscular system

The main nerve center of cestode is in scolex, motor and sensory innervation depends on number and complexity of scolex. Smaller nerves emanate from the commissures to supply the general body muscular and sensory ending.¹ The cirrus and vagina are innervated and sensory endings around the genital pore are more plentiful than other areas. Sensory function includes both tactoreception and chemoreception.¹

Proglottids

The body is composed of successive units posterior to the scolex, the proglottids. The sum of the proglottids is called a strobila, which is thin, resembling a strip of tape, and is the source of the common name tapeworm. Like some other flatworms, cestodes use flame cells (protonephridia) for excretion, which are located in the proglottids. Look up Tape in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the Platyhelminthes (except the tubellarian order Acoela), these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system. ...

Mature or gravid proglottids are released from the mature tapeworm and leave the host in its feces. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Horse feces Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animals digestive tract expelled through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. ...

Because each proglottid contains the male and female reproductive structures, they can reproduce independently. It has been suggested by some biologists that each should be considered a single organism, and that the tapeworm is actually a colony of proglottids.

Pathology

According to Intestinal Cestodes, authors Craig, and Ito 2007 suggest that the effects of this gut dwelling Cestodes are usually very minimal. The people that have been infected by this tapeworm have described the following symptoms: abdominal discomfort and pain, cramp, colic, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, restlessness, vertigo, headache, tiredness, malabsorption, anorexia, muscular pain, vitamin deficiency, megaloblastic anemia, weight loss (or gain), intestinal blockage, jejunal perforation, appendicitis, pancreatitis, pseudo-incontinence, pruritis ani, rectal-flutters, spontaneous voiding of segments from the anus, depression and psychosis (Craig & Ito 2007:524). Furthermore, through self-infection of Taenia Solium (the pork tapeworm) there has been in the past a serious life threatening infections of taeniais (also referred to as taeniosis) which may make the chances of neurocysticercosis go higher (Craig & Ito 2007: 524).

Additional facts

The "beef tapeworm of man" (Taenia saginata) may grow to be 40 ft. long and half an inch wide. This is the species whose heads are occasionally sold as active ingredients of "reducing pills."^[1]

A 100 foot tapeworm was found in the intestine of a whale captured off Catalina Island ^[2]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Cestoda

Wikispecies has information related to:

Cestoda

• Diphyllobothrium (Fish tapeworm)
• Cysticercosis
• List of parasites (human)

Image File history File links Wikispecies-logo. ... Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that aims to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species (including animalia, plantae, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and protista). ... Species Diphyllobothriasis is caused by the infestation of tapeworms, of the genus Diphyllobothrium. ... Cysticercosis, or neurocysticercosis, is the most common parasitic infestation of the central nervous system worldwide. ...

References

• Campbell, Reece, and Mitchell, Biology, 1999
• Merck Manual of Medication Information, Second Home Edition, Online Version, Tapeworm Infection 2005
• Mayo Clinic Website on infectious diseases, Mayo Clinic - Tapeworm Infection, 2006
• Medline Plus - Taeniasis (tapeworm infection)
• University of South Carolina - School of Medicine - CESTODES (TAPE WORMS)
• This article contains material from the CDC (Center for Disease Control) website which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

• Craig,Philip & Ito, Akira (2007). "Intestinal Cestodes". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 20: 524-532.

Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

External links

• How Disgusting are Tapeworms? Article from TalktotheVet.com