The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was the de facto leader of the Ukrainian SSR between 1938 and 1991. The Ukrainian SSR enjoyed only limited autonomy from the Soviet Union.

• Mikhail Burmistenko (1938, President of the Supreme Soviet)
• Leonid Korniyets (1938–1939)
• Mikhail Grechukha (1939–1954)
• Demyan Korotchenko (1954–1969)
• Aleksandr Lyashko (1969–1972)
• Ivan Grushetsky (1972–1976)
• Aleksey Vatchenko (1976–1984)
• Valentina Shevchenko (1984–1990)
• Vladimir Ivashko (1990, President of the Supreme Soviet)
• Leonid Kravchuk (1990–1991, President of the Supreme Soviet)

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the post was replaced by an elected President of Ukraine.