Coordinates: 38°28′N, 23°36′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Chalcis (Χαλκίδα)
Coordinates	38°28′ N 23°36′ E
Country	Greece
Periphery	Central Greece
Prefecture	Euboea
Population	53,584 source (2001)
Area	30.8 km²
Population density	1740 /km²
Elevation	5 m
Postal code	341 00
Area code	22210
Licence plate code	ΧΑ
Website	http://www.chalkida.gr

Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis (Greek, Modern: Χαλκίδα IPA:/χɐ'lkʲiðɐ/, Ancient/Katharevousa: -ίς), the chief town of the island of Euboea in Greece, situated on the strait of the Evripos at its narrowest point. The name is preserved from antiquity and is derived from the Greek χαλκός (copper, bronze), though there is no trace of any mines in the area. Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... Image File history File links RedDot. ... Image File history File links Prefectures_Greece_grey. ... See Cartesian coordinate system or Coordinates (elementary mathematics) for a more elementary introduction to this topic. ... This is an alphabetical list of countries of the world, including independent states (both those that are internationally recognised and generally unrecognised), inhabited dependent territories and areas of special sovereignty. ... The peripheries (περιφέρειες) are the subnational divisions of Greece. ... Central Greece (Greek: Στερεά Ελλάδα - Stereá Elláda) is one of the thirteen peripheries of Greece. ... Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as Peripheries of Greece, which are further subdivided into 51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos, Greek: νομοί, νομός)): See also List of the prefectures of Greece by area List of the prefectures of Greece by population density List of the prefectures of Greece by population External... Euboea or Negropont (Modern Greek: Εύβοια Evia, Ancient Greek Εúβοια Eúboia; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest island of the Greek archipelago. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... Here are list of postal codes in Greece. ... This is an alphabetical list by town of dialing codes in Greece. ... Greek car number plates are composed of three letters and four digits per plate (e. ... A website (or Web site) is a collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a particular domain or subdomain on the World Wide Web. ... Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Katharevousa (Greek Καθαρεύουσα, IPA: ) is a form of the Greek language, created during the early 19th century by Adamantios Korais (1748-1833). ... Euboea or Negropont (Modern Greek: Εύβοια Evia, Ancient Greek Εúβοια Eúboia; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest island of the Greek archipelago. ... Satellite image showing the Euripus Strait between Boeotia (top) and Euboea (bottom). ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ...

History

Ancient Greece

The earliest recorded mention of Chalcis is in the Iliad (2.537), where it is mentioned in the same line as its rival Eretria. Chamber tombs at Trypa and Vromousa dated to the Mycenaean period were excavated by Papvasileion in 1910. In the 8th and 7th centuries BC, colonists from Chalcis founded thirty townships on the peninsula of Chalcidice, and several important cities in Sicily. Its mineral produce, metal-work, purple and pottery not only found markets among these settlements, but were distributed over the Mediterranean in the ships of Corinth and Samos. It has been suggested that Deception of Zeus be merged into this article or section. ... This is an article about the Greek city of Eretria. ... The Mycenean Period covers the latter part of the Bronze Age on the Greek mainland. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) Ruins of the training grounds at Olympia, Greece. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 7th century BC started on January 1, 700 BC and ended on December 31, 601 BC. // Overview Events Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria who created the the first systematically collected library at Nineveh A 16th century depiction of the Hanging Gardens of... Chalkidikí or Chalcidice (in Greek: Χαλκιδική, alternative romanizations Khalkidhikí) is one of the fifty-one prefectures of Greece. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... It has been suggested that Red-violet be merged into this article or section. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Corinth, or Korinth (Greek: Κόρινθος, Kórinthos; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a Greek city-state, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. ... Samos (Greek Σάμος) is a Greek island in the Eastern Aegean Sea, located between the island of Chios to the North and the archipelagic complex of the Dodecanese islands to the South and in particular the island of Patmos and off the coast of Turkey, on what was formely known as...

With the help of these allies, Chalcis engaged the rival league of its neighbour Eretria in the so-called Lelantine War, by which it acquired the best agricultural district of Euboea and became the chief city of the island. Early in the 6th century BC, its prosperity was broken by a disastrous war with the Athenians, who expelled the ruling aristocracy and settled a cleruchy on the site. Chalcis subsequently became a member of both the Delian Leagues. The Lelantine War was a long battle between Eretria and Chalcis at the end of the 8th century BC. Eretria was defeated, losing a sum of land in Boeotia. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 6th century BC started on January 1, 600 BC and ended on December 31, 501 BC. // Monument 1, an Olmec colossal head at La Venta The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα - Athína) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of central Greece. ... A cleruchy, in Hellenic Greece, was a specialised type of colony established by Athens. ... Delian League (Athenian Empire), right before the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC. Corcyra was not part of the League The Delian League was an association of Greek city-states in the 5th century BC. It was led by Athens. ...

In the Hellenistic period, it gained importance as a fortress by which the Macedonian rulers controlled central Greece. It was used by kings Antiochus III of Syria (192 BC) and Mithradates VI of Pontus (88 BC) as a base for invading Greece. Silver coin of Antiochus III. The reverse shows Apollo seated on an omphalos. ... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC - 190s BC - 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC Years: 197 BC 196 BC 195 BC 194 BC 193 BC - 192 BC - 191 BC 190 BC... Mithridates VI of Pontus, (132 BC- 63 BC), called Eupator Dionysius, was the king of Pontus in Asia Minor and one of Romes most formidable and successful enemies. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 93 BC 92 BC 91 BC 90 BC 89 BC - 88 BC - 87 BC 86 BC 85...

Roman Rule and Later

Under Roman rule, Chalcis retained a measure of commercial prosperity; since the 6th century AD it again served as a fortress for the protection of central Greece against northern invaders. From 1209, it stood under Venetian control; in 1470 it passed to the Ottomans, who made it the seat of a pasha. In 1688, it was successfully held against a strong Venetian attack. (5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Events The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Persia by the Persian Shah Khosrau I. Irish colonists and invaders, the Scots, began migrating to Caledonia (later known as Scotland) Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland founded... Events Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218) the Franciscans are founded. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia) is the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Events May 15 - Charles VIII of Sweden who had served three terms as King of Sweden dies. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29... Pasha (or pascha, bashaw; Turkish: paÅŸa; originally from Persian padshah or padeshah meaning king or from Turkish bash head, chief [1]) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ...

Modern Town

The modern town received an impetus in its export trade from the establishment of railway connection with Athens and Peiraeus in 1904. In the early 20th century it was composed of two parts—the old walled town towards the Euripus, called the Castro (ie. the Castle), where the Jewish and Turkish families who have remained there mostly dwell; and the more modern suburb that lies outside it, which is chiefly occupied by the Greeks. A part of the walls of the Castro and many of the houses within it were shaken down by the earthquake of 1894; part has been demolished in the widening of the Euripus. The most interesting object is the church of St Paraskeve, which was once the chief church of the Venetians; it dates from the Byzantine period, though many of its architectural features are Western. In 1899, Chalcis became the prefectural capital of Euboea. Pierrefonds Castle, France Castle has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...

At the start of the 21st century, Chalcis had about 100,000 inhabitants. The old walls, near the Castro of Kara-Baba (Turkish, "Black Father") near the sea no longer stand. The sizable Jewish community was reduced after the World War II deportation. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

The Bridges

The town is now connected to the mainland Greece by two bridges, the "Sliding Bridge" in the west at the narrowest point of the Evripos strait and a suspension bridge. Satellite image showing the Euripus Strait between Boeotia (top) and Euboea (bottom). ...

The Strait of Euripus which separates the city and the island from the mainland was bridged in 411 BC with a wooden bridge. In the time of Justinian the fixed bridge was replaced with a movable structure. The Turks (sometime after 1453) replaced this once again with a fixed bridge. In 1856, a wooden swing bridge was built; in 1896, an iron swing bridge, and in 1962, the existing "sliding bridge". Satellite image showing the Euripus Strait between Boeotia (top) and Euboea (bottom). ... Justinian may refer to: Justinian I, a Roman Emperor; Justinian II, a Byzantine Emperor; Justinian, a storeship sent to the convict settlement at New South Wales in 1790. ...

The cable stay suspension bridge which joins Chalkida to the mainland to the south was opened in 1993.

Transportation

• GR-44
• GR-77
• GR-1/E75 is south and west about 10 km from Chalkida in Viotia.

In 2003, a bypass of Chalkida was opened from the southern part of the bridge to connect with GR-77, also with access to GR-44. Greek National Road 44 is a highway linking the cities of Thiva, Chalkida and Karystos. ... Greece Interstate 1 is one of the longest highways in Greece. ... The E75 is part of the Trans European Road Network, which is a series of main roads in the European Union. ... Viotia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Historical population

1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notable Residents

• Georgios Papanikolaou, Famous doctor, Pap smear test founder
• Konstantinos Kallias (9 July 1901- 7 April 2004), a Greek politician
• Nikolaos Skalkottas (1901 - 1949 in Athens)
• Giannis Skaribas (28 September 1893- 21 January 1984), a Greek authors

Georgios N. Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou; Greek: Γεώργιος Παπανικολάου) (May 13, 1883–February 19, 1962) was born at Kimi on the island of Evia, in Greece. ... The pap smear as we know it is an invention of Dr. Georgios Papanikolaou (1883-1962), an American of Greek birth, the father of cytopathology. ... Konstantinos Kallias (b. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nikolaos Skalkottas Nikolaos (Nikos) Skalkottas (Greek: Νικόλαος Σκαλκώτας) (born 1901 in Chalcis, died 1949 in Athens) was a Greek composer of 20th-century music. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sports teams

Chalkida also has a water polo team named NC Chalkida, a football team named Chalkida FC, as well as a junior football team named Evoikos Chalkida.

The Chalkida football team murged with Lilas Vasilikou for a period of two years (2004-2006). The team was finally dissolved because of financial difficulties. Although there was a team created with the same name (AOX) it does not represent the glorious team of the past.

Chalkida also has a basketball team (AGEX) which plays in Greek A2 Basketball League with success since 2002 touching many times the promotion to the A1 Greek League.

• Khalkis-Lilas - third division

Nea Artaki (Greek: Νέα Αρτάκη) is a suburban town located north of the capital of Chalkida in the prefecture of Euboea. ... Satellite image showing the Euripus Strait between Boeotia (top) and Euboea (bottom). ... The South Evian Gulf (Greek: Νότιος Ευβοϊκός Κόλπος Voreios Evvoïkos Kolpos), also the South Evvian Gulf or the South Euboean Gulf is a gulf that connects with the Petalies Gulf near Agia Marina and to the west. ... Euboea or Negropont (Modern Greek: Εύβοια Evia, Ancient Greek Εúβοια Eúboia; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest island of the Greek archipelago. ... Aidipsos (Αιδηψός, Edipsos) is a municipality in Euboea (Evia), Greece. ... Amarynthos (Αμάρυνθος) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Anthidona (Ανθηδώνα) is a municipallity in Euboea, Greece. ... Artemisio (Αρτεμίσιο) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Avlida (Αυλίδα) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Avlon (Αυλών) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Dirfys (Δίρφυς) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece, named after the mountain Dirfys. ... Dystos or Distos or Dhistos (Greek: Δύστος), Older form/Latin: Dystus was a lake in Euboea island and is a municipality which is also known as Dysties or Disties. ... Elymnioi (Ελύμνιοι) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... This is an article about the Greek city of Eretria. ... Istiaia (Ιστιαία) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... General info Karystos is a small coastal town on the Greek island of Euboea. ... Kireas (Κηρέας) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Konistres (Κονίστρες) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Cuma. ... Lilantia (Ληλάντια) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Municipality of Marmari Evia greece [www. ... Messapia (Μεσσάπια) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Nea Artaki (Greek: Νέα Αρτάκη) is a suburban town located north of the capital of Chalkida in the prefecture of Euboea. ... Nileas (Νηλέας) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Oreoi (Ωρεοί) is a municipality in Euboea, Greece. ... Skyros (Greek: Σκύρος) is the southernmost island of the Sporades, a Greek archipelago in the Aegean Sea. ... Styra (Greek: Στύρα) is a town on the southwestern shore of Euboea, facing the eastern shore of Attica across the Euboic Gulf. ... Taminaioi (Greek: Ταμιναίοι) is a municipality of the Greek prefecture and the island of Euboea. ... Kafireas (Καφηρέας) is a community in Euboea, Greece. ... Lichada (Λιχάδα) is a community in Euboea, Greece. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.