 Location of Challenger Deep within the Western Pacific Ocean The Challenger Deep is the third deepest known point in the oceans. It lies in the Mariana Islands group at the southern end of the Mariana Trench. The closest land is Fais Island, one of the outer islands of Yap, 289 km southwest and Guam 306 km to the northeast. The point is named after the British Royal Navy survey ship HMS Challenger, which first discovered the trench in 1875. Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ...
Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 463 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (773 × 1000 pixel, file size: 658 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 463 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (773 × 1000 pixel, file size: 658 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
The Mariana Islands (also the Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called Ladrones Islands, from Spanish Islas de los Ladrones meaning Islands of Thieves) are an archipelago made up by the summits of 15 volcanic mountains in the north-western Pacific Ocean between the 12th and 21st parallels...
Mariana Trench location This article is about the geographical feature. ...
Fais Island is the closest land to Challenger Deep. ...
Map of Yap State Map of Yap Islands Yap is an island in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean, the westernmost state of the Federated States of Micronesia. ...
The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ...
The fifth HMS Challenger (launched 1858) was a steam assisted British naval corvette. ...
- Witjastief 1 (11.034 m)
- Triestetief (10.916 m)
- Challengertief (10.899 m)
Depth The maximum surveyed depth of the Challenger Deep is 10,923 meters (35,838 feet) or 6.7875 miles. (National Geographic puts the depth at 11,034 meters (36,201 feet ) below sea level.) [1]
The HMS Challenger Expedition (December 1872 - May 1876) first sounded the depths now known as the Challenger Deep. This first sounding was made on March 23, 1875 at station 225. The reported depth was 4475 fathoms (8,184 m, 26,850 ft), based on 2 separate soundings. A fathom is the name of a unit of length in the Imperial system (and the derived U.S. customary units). ...
A 1912 book, The Depths of the Ocean by Sir John Murray, records the depth of the Challenger Deep as 31,614 ft. Sir John was one of the Expedition scientists, a young man at the time. Page 131 of Murray's book refers to the Challenger Deep. All of the reports of the original Challenger expedition can be viewed on the web at the Challenger Library.
In 1951, about 75 years after its original discovery, the entire Mariana Trench was surveyed by the Royal Navy vessel HMS Challenger, named after the original expedition ship. During this survey, the deepest part of the trench was recorded using echo sounding, a much more precise and vastly easier way to measure depth than the sounding equipment and drag lines used in the original expedition. HMS Challenger measured a depth of 5,960 fathoms (10,900 m, 35,760 ft) at 11°19′N, 142°15′E. Mariana Trench location This article is about the geographical feature. ...
The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ...
HMS Challenger was a survey ship of the United Kingdoms Royal Navy. ...
Illustration of echo sounding. ...
A fathom is the name of a unit of length in the Imperial system (and the derived U.S. customary units). ...
On 23 January 1960, the Swiss-built Bathyscaphe Trieste, acquired by the U.S. Navy, descended to the ocean floor in the trench manned by Jacques Piccard (who co-designed the submersible along with his father, Auguste Piccard) and USN Lieutenant Don Walsh. The descent took almost five hours and the two men spent barely twenty minutes on the ocean floor before undertaking the three-hour-and-fifteen-minute ascent. They measured the depth as 10,916 metres (35,813 feet). At the ocean floor they observed small sole and flounder and noted that the floor consisted of diatomaceous ooze. Trieste A bathyscape or bathyscaphe is a self-propelled deep-sea diving submersible, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere suspended below a float filled with a buoyant liquid such as petrol. ...
The bathyscaphe Trieste Trieste was a Swiss designed deep-diving research bathyscaphe (deep boat) with a crew of two people, which reached a record-breaking depth of about 10,900 m (about 35,760 ft), in the deepest part of the oceans, the Challenger Deep, in 1960. ...
USN redirects here. ...
Jacques Piccard (born July 28, 1922) is a Belgian explorer and engineer, known for having developed underwater vehicles for studying ocean currents. ...
Auguste Piccard (1927) Auguste Antoine Piccard (January 28, 1884 – March 24, 1962) was a Swiss physicist, inventor and explorer. ...
Don Walsh was a lieutenant in the United States Navy. ...
The soles are flatfishes of various families. ...
Flounder or flukes are flatfish that live in ocean waters ie. ...
Orders Centrales Pennales Diatoms (Greek: (dia) = through + (temnein) = to cut, i. ...
In 1984, a Japanese survey vessel using a narrow, multi-beam echo sounder took a measurement of 10,924 meters (35,838 feet).[1] The F70 type frigates (here, Motte-Picquet) are fitted with VDS (Variable Depth Sonar) type DUBV43 or DUBV43C tugged sonars Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation under water to navigate or to detect other watercraft. ...
Location of Challenger Deep within the Mariana Trench On 24 March, 1995 the Japanese robotic deep-sea probe Kaiko broke the depth record for unmanned probes when it reached close to the surveyed bottom of the Challenger Deep. Created by the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) it was one of few unmanned deep-sea probes in operation that could dive deeper than 6,000 metres (19,680 feet). Its recorded depth of 10,911 m (35,797 ft) for the Challenger Deep is believed to be the most accurate measurement taken yet. Kaiko also collected a sediment core from the bottom of the deep. [2] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (951x400, 122 KB) Summary This a composite image using graphic sources from TerraMetrics, NASA and this author. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (951x400, 122 KB) Summary This a composite image using graphic sources from TerraMetrics, NASA and this author. ...
ASIMO, a humanoid robot manufactured by Honda. ...
Kaiko was a remote control Japanese deep-sea submarine that sampled bacteria from the ocean floor of the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest location in the world. ...
Lifeforms Recently, an analysis of the sediment samples collected by Kaiko before it sank, published in Science, (2005) Vol 307, Issue 5710, pq. 689[3], announced the discovery of simple organisms at 10,900 metres water depth. While similar lifeforms have been known to exist in shallower ocean trenches (>7,000 m) and on the abyssal plain, the lifeforms discovered in the Challenger Deep possibly represent taxa independent from those in shallower ecosystems. Abyssal plains are flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. ...
A taxon (plural taxa) is an element of a taxonomy, e. ...
Out of the 432 organisms collected, the overwhelming majority of the sample consisted of simple, soft-shelled foraminifera, with four of the others representing species of the complex, multi-chambered genera Leptohalysis and Reophax. Overall, 85% of the specimens consisted of organic soft-shelled allogromids. This is unusual compared to samples of sediment-dwelling organisms from other deep-sea environments, where the percentage of organic-walled foraminifera ranges from 5% to 20% of the total. As small organisms with hard calcated shells have trouble growing at extreme (10,000 m) depths because the water at that depth is severely lacking in calcium carbonate, scientists theorize that the preponderance of soft-shelled organisms at the Challenger Deep may have resulted from the typical biosphere present when the Challenger Deep was shallower than it is now. Over the course of six to nine million years, as the Challenger Deep grew to its present depth, many of the species present in the sediment died out or were unable to adapt to the increasing water pressure and changing environment. The remaining species may have been the ancestors of the Challenger Deep's current denizens. Orders Allogromiida Carterinida Fusulinida - extinct Globigerinida Involutinida - extinct Lagenida Miliolida Robertinida Rotaliida Silicoloculinida Spirillinida Textulariida incertae sedis Xenophyophorea Reticulomyxa The Foraminifera, or forams for short, are a large group of amoeboid protists with reticulating pseudopods, fine strands that branch and merge to form a dynamic net. ...
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ...
A false-color composite of global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. ...
References Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
External links Coordinates: 11°22′N, 142°36′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
|
Feeds |
Contact