Western Chalukya Empire during Pulakesi II (c. 640 CE), Vikramaditya II (c.735 CE) Vikramaditya VI (c.1120 CE)
Official languages	Prakrit Kannada
Capitals	Early Chalukyas: Vatapi Later Chalukyas : Manyakheta, Kalyani
Government	Monarchy
Preceding state	Satavahana, Rashtrakuta
Succeeding states	Hoysala, Yadava, Kakatiya, Southern Kalachuri

The Chalukya Dynasty was a powerful Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th century C.E. They began to assert their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakesi II (609 – 642) C.E. Immadi Pulakesi (Immadi in old Kannada means "II") extended the Chalukyan Empire up to the northern extents of the Pallava kingdom and halted the southward march of Harsha by defeating him on the banks of the river Narmada. He also defeated the Vishnukundins in the southeastern Deccan. He is considered as one of the great kings in Indian history. Pallava Narasimhavarman however reversed this victory by attacking and occupying the Chalukya capital Vatapi (Badami). Image File history File links Chalukya_territories_new2. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... Prakrit (Sanskrit prāká¹›ta प्राकृत (from pra-ká¹›ti प्रकृति), original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual, i. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ... Modern Malkheda in Karnataka, once tha capital of Rashtrakutas ... Kalyani is a raga in the Carnatic music of South India. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the deccan India during the 8th - 10th century. ... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Yadava Dynasty ruled a kingdom in what is now Maharashtra, India from the 12th century to the 14th century. ... The Kakatiya Dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 to 1323. ... This name is used by two kingdoms who had a secession of dynasties from the 10th-12th century AD, ruling over areas in Central India (west Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan) and were called Chedi or Haihaya (Heyheya) (northern branch) and the other Kalachuri (southern branch). ... South India is a region of India that includes the entire Indian Peninsula, south of the Vindhya ranges. ... The geography of India is extremely diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, hills and plateaus. ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... Events August 5 - In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda king of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald, king of Bernicia. ... Pallava, were a South Indian dynasty who established their capital at Kanchipuram in the 4th cent. ... Harsha or Harshavardhana (606-648) was an Indian emperor who ruled northern India as paramount monarch for over forty years. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... Vishnu (one who pervades in everything) + Kundina (Kaundinya gotra). ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... This article belongs in one or more categories. ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ...

The Chalukyan dynasty witnessed some determined struggles for political hegemony over the Deccan. It also saw some remarkable achievements in the myriad realms of culture, particularly in the evolution and proliferation of architectural styles.

The Chalukya Empire went in to a brief decline following Pulakesi II due to internal feuds. It recovered during the reign of the equally illustrious Vikramaditya II who defeated the Pallava Nandivarman II and captured Kanchipuram. Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Kanchipuram temple, engraved in 1811. ...

After the rise of the Rashtrakutas the Chalukyas of Badami went in to an eclipse to be recovered in the tenth century C.E. by Tailapa II (973 – 997) C.E. These later Chalukyas ruled from Kalyani. These 'Western Chalukyas' were in constant conflict with the Imperial Cholas over the control of the Eastern Chalukya kingdom of Vengi. The Rashtrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the Deccan during the 8th-10th centuries. ... Tailapa II (973 – 997 CE) (Nurmadi Taliapa) re-established the Chalukya dynasty after a period of 220 years during which they had been in eclipse. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Kalyani is a raga in the Carnatic music of South India. ... The Chalukya Dynasty was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled parts of southern India between 550 and 750, and again between 973 and 1190. ... The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ...

After almost three hundred years of glory, the Western Chalukyan power finally succumbed to the Hoysalas and Yadavas. Somesvara IV 1184 – 1200 C.E. was the last recognised Chalukyan ruler. The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Yadava Dynasty ruled a kingdom in what is now Maharashtra, India from the 12th century to the 14th century. ... // Events Abbeville receives its commercial charter. ... Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France The Kanem-Bornu Empire was established in northern Africa around the year 1200 Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died...

Chalukyas have left behind their legacy of some of the most beautiful architecture and literature. The Chalukyan style of architecture was a combination of the South Indian and the North Indian building styles.

Origin of Chalukyas

Natives of Karnataka

While opinions vary regarding the origins of the Chalukyas, there is consensus on the opinion that they were natives to the Karnataka region. ^[1] Their inscriptions are in Kannada and Sanskrit. The names of some Chalukya kings end with the Kannada term arasa ("king" or "chief"). The Rashtrakuta inscriptions speak of Chalukyas of Badami as Karnataka Bala. They claim that the Chalukyas were descendants or were related to the Kadambas of Banavasi. The Chalukyas took control of the territory formerly ruled by the Kadambas. The famous Badami cliff inscriptions (578 CE) of Kirtivarman I, the Mahakuta Pillar inscription (602 CE) of Mangalesa, the Aihole inscription (620 CE?) of Pulakeshi II and Kappe Ara Bhatta inscriptions of 7th c. CE. in early Kannada provide more evidence of the Chalukyan language. The earliest inscirption dated 543CE of Pulakesi I is a Sanskrit inscription written in Kannada script and gives details of the Badami fort. Karnātakā (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, Hindi: कर्नाटक) (IPA: //) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम् ; pronunciation: ) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the deccan India during the 8th - 10th century. ... Kadambas was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, who ruled from their capital of Banavasi from (345-525AD) later branched into Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar. ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.) established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendents ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh. ...

Aihole inscription mentions Pulkeshi as king of three Maharashtras consisting of 99,000 thousand villages. The Solanki (chale/chalukya), one among of 96 Maratha clans are descendants of the Chalukya clan of Kshatriyas whose oldest known area of residence may be in present-day Karnataka. Aihole123 is now in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... For the English cricketer, See Vikram Solanki The Solanki or Chalukya is a Hindu Gurjar,Rajput dynasty of India, who ruled the kingdom of Gujarat from the 10th to the 13th centuries. ... The Marāthās is a collective term referring to an Indo Aryan group of Hindu, Marathi-speaking castes of warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a substantial empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries...

Chinese notes

Huien-Tsang, a Chinese traveller speaks of Pulkeshi as king of Maharashtra and a kshatriya. This must have been a terminology describing the entire territory between Kaveri and Narmada. Maharashtra (Devanagari: महाराष्ट्र, literally: Great Nation)( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Kshatriya is the title of the princely military order within the Hindu varna system. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ...

The Name Chalukya

The name Chalukya seems to have been derived from the word 'Chalkya' which was the original form of the dynastic name. Like the Chutus and Kadambas, the Chalukyas were an indigenous tribe. They rose to importance in the later Satavahana period and asserted their independence after the downfall of the central empire. chutus were the feudatories of the Satavahana Dynasty. ... Kadambas was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, who ruled from their capital of Banavasi from (345-525AD) later branched into Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar. ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates...

In the Maruturu inscription of Pulakesin II, a village that was granted by him is presumed to be situated in the Chalukya Vishaya. It is therefore clear that the original word of Chalukya was applied to a territorial division or a Vishaya of a kingdom. The territorial division came to be known as Chalukya after the Chalukyan clan. Pulakesi II (c. ...

The provenance of the Maruturu grant and also the other factors mentioned in it clearly prove that this Chalukya Vishaya must have comprised portions of the ceded districts of Andhra Pradesh including perhaps parts of the Mahboobnagar district of Telangana, Hence the Chalukyas were the original residents of this area.

According to the earliest Chalukyan Kanarese legend preserved in an inscription dated 578 C.E. at Badami, the Chalukyas were worshippers of the feet of the sacred Lord Kartikeya and belonged to Manavyasa Gotra and had themselves purified by the performance of several yajnas. They were Kshatriyas. They were nourished by the Saptamatrikas, acquired great merit and prosperity and obtained the Varaha Lanchana by the divine favour and grace of Vishnu. Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Events Tiberius II Constantine succeeds Justin II as Byzantine Emperor Births Deaths July 30 - Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa October 5 - Justin II, Roman emperor Northern Zhou Wu Di, Chinese ruler John Malalas, Byzantine chronicler Categories: 578 ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ... A Kshatriya is a member of the military or reigning order, according to the law-code of Manu the second ranking caste of the Indian varna system of four castes, the first being the Brahmin or priestly caste, the third the Vaishya or mercantile caste and the lowest the Shudra. ... For other uses of the name Vishnu, see Vishnu (disambiguation). ...

Legends

Vidyapati Bilhana, the famous poet in the court of Vikramaditya VI of the Western Chalukya family of Kalyana, mentions an amusing legend in his work, Vikramankadeva Charita. Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ...

• Indra once requested Brahma to create a hero who would put an end to godlessness in the world and punish the wicked. Agreeing to his request, Brahma looked into his Chuluka (hollow of the hands) while performing the Sandhya, and lo! From there sprang a mighty warrior. He was called Chalukya and he became the eponymous ancestor of the line. In it were born two great heroes, Harita and Manavya who raised the Chalukyas into distinct position. This story is repeated and elaborated in the Ramastipundi grant of Vimaladitya of the Eastern Chalukya family.

Another version of this legend is found in the Nilagunda Record of Vikramaditya VI and is repeated by Bilhana. According to this legend, the Chalukyas originally hailed from Ayodhya where fifty-nine kings of this family ruled and afterwards sixteen more ruled from Dakshinapatha to which region they had migrated. After a dark interval, the glory of the dynasty was restored by Jayasimha. The Handarike inscription of Vikramaditya VI tells us that the Chalukyas were born in the interior of the Chuluka of the sage Haritipanchashikhi when he was pouring out libations to the Gods. Further, the Chalukyas claimed to have been nursed by the Sapta Matrikas (Seven Mothers). Indra is also the name of a song by the Thievery Corporation. ... Brahma (written Brahmā in IAST) (Devanagari ब्रह्मा, pronounced as ) is the Hindu God of Creation, and one of the Hindu Trinity - Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva. ... Sandhya is a South Indian actress renowned for her expressive face. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Periods in Chalukya history

The Chalukyas ruled over the central Indian plateau of Deccan for well over 600 years. During this period they ruled as three closely related, but individual dynasties. These are the Chalukyas of Badami, who ruled between the 6th and the 8th century C.E., and the two sibling dynasties of Chalukyas of Kalyani or the Western Chalukyas and the Chalukyas of Vengi or the Eastern Chalukyas.^[2] The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ...

Chalukyas of Badami

Chalukya Territories during Pulakesin II c. 640 C.E.

The Chalukya dynasty was established by Pulakesi I c. 550 C.E. ^[3] Pulakesi I took Vatapi (Badami in Bagalkot district, Karnataka) under his control and made it his capital. They are referred to as Chalukyas of Badami. Image File history File links Chalukya_territories_lg. ... Image File history File links Chalukya_territories_lg. ... Pulakesi II (c. ... Events May 28 - Severinus becomes pope, but dies the same year. ... Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.) established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendents ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh. ... Events End of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and beginning of the Northern Qi Dynasty in northern China. ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ... Bagalkot is an administrative district in the state of Karnataka in India. ... Karnātakā (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, Hindi: कर्नाटक) (IPA: //) is one of the four southern states of India. ...

Pulakesi I and his descendants ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh in the Deccan. Pulakesi II was perhaps the greatest emperor of the Badami Chalukyas. Karnātakā (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, Hindi: कर्नाटक) (IPA: //) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Andhra Pradesh : (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش, Hindi: आंध्र प्रदेश; Āndhra Prādesh), is a state in South India but is also debated as Central India as well. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ...

• Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.)
• Kirtivarman I (566 – 597 C.E.)
• Mangalesa (597 – 609 C.E.)
• Pulakesi II (609 – 642 C.E.)
• Vikramaditya I (655 – 680 C.E.)
• Vinayaditya (680 – 696 C.E.)
• Vijayaditya (696 – 733 C.E.)
• Vikramaditya II (733 – 746 C.E.)
• Kirtivarman II (746 – 753 C.E.)

Kirthivarman was overthrown by the rise of the Rashtrakuta Dandidurga in 753 C.E. Pulakesi I (543 – 566 C.E.) established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendents ruled over an empire that comprised of the entire state of Karnataka and most of Andhra Pradesh. ... Events The doctrine of apocatastasis is condemned by the Synod of Constantinople. ... Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Deaths Chen Wen Di, Chinese ruler of the Chen Dynasty Theodosius I, Patriarch of Alexandria. ... Kirtivarman I (566 – 597) succeeded Pulakesi I as the ruler of the Chalukya Dynasty. ... Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Deaths Chen Wen Di, Chinese ruler of the Chen Dynasty Theodosius I, Patriarch of Alexandria. ... Events Saint Augustine is created Archbishop of Canterbury. ... Mangalesa ( C.596 – 610 C. E.) succeeded Kirtivarman I to the Chalukya throne. ... Events Saint Augustine is created Archbishop of Canterbury. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... Events August 5 - In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda king of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald, king of Bernicia. ... Vikramaditya I (655 – 680 C.E.) followed his father, Pulakesi II on to the Chalukya throne. ... Events November 15 - Northumbrian king Oswiu defeats the pagan Mercian king Penda in the Battle of Winwaed Empress Saimei ascends to the throne of Japan. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Kerbela November 12 - The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah Erwig deposes Wamba to become king of the... Vinayaditya ((680 – 696 C.E.) followed his father, Vikramaditya I on to the Chalukya throne. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Kerbela November 12 - The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah Erwig deposes Wamba to become king of the... Events Births Deaths Categories: 696 ... Vijayaditya ((696 – 733 C.E.) followed his father, Vikramaditya I on to the Chalukya throne. ... Events Births Deaths Categories: 696 ... Events Births Emperor Junnin of Japan Deaths Categories: 733 ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Events Births Emperor Junnin of Japan Deaths Categories: 733 ... Events Swithred succeeds Saelred as king of Essex. ... Kirtivarman II (746 – 753 C.E.) was the last ruler in the Badami Chalukya dynasty. ... Events Swithred succeeds Saelred as king of Essex. ... Events Synod of Constantinople called by Emperor Constantine V. Samarkand conquered by Arabs. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the deccan India during the 8th - 10th century. ... Events Synod of Constantinople called by Emperor Constantine V. Samarkand conquered by Arabs. ...

Chalukyas of Kalyani

Main article: Western Chalukyas

Dancing Shiva

The Chalukyas revived their fortune in 973 C.E. after their period of decline under the Rashtrakutas. Tailapa II, overthrew the Rashtrakuta Krishna III and re-established the Chalukyasn kingdom and recovered most of the Chalukya empire.^[4] This dynasty came to be known as the Western Chalukya dynasty. The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ... taken during a trip to Badami This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... taken during a trip to Badami This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Tailapa II (973 – 997 CE) (Nurmadi Taliapa) re-established the Chalukya dynasty after a period of 220 years during which they had been in eclipse. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the deccan India during the 8th - 10th century. ... The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ...

The Western Chalukyas ruled for another 250 years and were in constant conflict with the Cholas and their cousins the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi. Satyasraya 997 – 1008 C.E.,, Somesvara I 1042 – 1068 C.E. and Vikramaditya VI (1076 – 1126 CE) were some of the greatest emperors of this dynasty. The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... Satyasraya (997 – 1008 C.E.) was the Chalukya king of the revived Western Chalukyas. ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) (1042 – 1068 C.E.) succeeded his father Jayasimha II as the Chalukya king. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... Events February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland. ...

• Tailapa II (973 – 997 C.E.)
• Satyasraya (997 – 1008 C.E.)
• Vikramaditya V 1008 - 1015 C.E.
• Jayasimha II 1015 – 1042 C.E.
• Somesvara I 1042 – 1068 C.E.
• Somesvara II 1068 – 1076 C.E.
• Vikramaditya VI 1076 – 1126 C.E.
• Somesvara III 1126 – 1138 C.E.
• Jagadhekamalla II 1138 – 1151 C.E.
• Tailapa III 1151 – 1164 C.E.
• Jagadhekamalla III 1163 – 1183 C.E.
• Somesvara IV 1184 – 1200 C.E.

The Western Chalukyas went into their final dissolution c. 1180 C.E. with the rise of the Hoysalas, Kakatiya and Yadavas. Tailapa II (973 – 997 CE) (Nurmadi Taliapa) re-established the Chalukya dynasty after a period of 220 years during which they had been in eclipse. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Satyasraya (997 – 1008 C.E.) was the Chalukya king of the revived Western Chalukyas. ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Vikaramaditya V (1008 – 1015 C.E.) succeeded Satyasraya on the western Chalukya throne. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Events August: Canute the Great invades England. ... Jayasimha II (1015 – 1042 C.E.) succeeded his brother Vikramaditya V on the western Chalukya throne. ... Events August: Canute the Great invades England. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) (1042 – 1068 C.E.) succeeded his father Jayasimha II as the Chalukya king. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Somesvara II (1068 – 1076 C.E.) succeeded his father Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) as the Chalukya king. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Events February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... Events February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland. ... Events Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland. ... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events Ghazni is burned by the princes of Ghur Geoffrey of Anjou dies, and succeeded by his son Henry, aged 18. ... Events Ghazni is burned by the princes of Ghur Geoffrey of Anjou dies, and succeeded by his son Henry, aged 18. ... Events Count Henry I of Champagne marries Marie de Champagne. ... // Events Owain Gwynedd is recognized as ruler of Wales. ... Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... // Events Abbeville receives its commercial charter. ... Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France The Kanem-Bornu Empire was established in northern Africa around the year 1200 Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died... Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Kakatiya Dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 to 1323. ... The Yadava Dynasty ruled a kingdom in what is now Maharashtra, India from the 12th century to the 14th century. ...

Eastern Chalukyas

Main article: Eastern Chalukyas

Pulakesin II (c. 608 – 644 C.E) conquered the eastern Deccan, corresponding to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh c. 616 C.E., defeating the remnants of the Vishnukundina kingdom. He appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as Viceroy. ^[5] On the death of Pulakesin II, the Vengi Viceroyalty developed into an independent kingdom. Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi outlived the main Vatapi dynasty by many generations. Till around the middle of 9th century, they continued to encourage Kannada language in the Vengi region. Thereafter, inscriptions show a gradual shift towards Telugu with the appearance of Telugu stanzas written in old Kannada script. Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... Pulakesi II (c. ... Events September 15 - Boniface IV becomes pope. ... Events Births Deaths Paulinus of York, bishop of Northumbria November: Omar, Second caliph of Islam by assassination. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Andhra Pradesh : (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش, Hindi: आंध्र प्रदेश; Ä€ndhra Prādesh), is a state in South India but is also debated as Central India as well. ... Events Eadbald succeeds Ethelbert as king of Kent. ... Vishnukundina By 514 AD. The Vakataka empire was reduced to areas of present day Telengana area. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Telugu (తెలుగు) (also Telegu) belongs to the Dravidian language family but with ample influence from the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European family and is the official language of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. ...

• Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624 – 641 C.E.)
• Jayasimha I (641 – 673 C.E.)
• Indra Bhattaraka (673 C.E.)
• Vishnuvardhana II (673 – 682 C.E.)
• Mangi Yuvaraja (682 – 706) C.E.)
• Jayasimha II ([[706) – 718 C.E.)
• Vishnuvardhana III (719 – 55 C.E.)
• Vijayaditya I (755 – 772 C.E.)
• Vishnuvardhana IV (772 – 808 C.E.)
• Vijayaditya II (808 – 847 C.E.)
• Vishnuvardhana V (847– 849 C.E.)
• Vijayaditya III (848 – 892 C.E.)
• Bhima I (892 – 921 C.E.)
• Vijayaditta IV (921 C.E.
• Amma I (921 – 927 C.E.
• Vikramaditya II (927 – 928 C.E.)
• Yuddamalla II (928 – 935 C.E.)
• Chalukya Bhima II (935 – 947 C.E.)
• Amma II (947 – 970 C.E.)
• Danamava (970 – 973 C.E.)
• Jata Choda Bhima (973 - 1000 C.E.
• Saktivarman I (1000 - 1011 C.E.
• Vimaladitya (1011 – 1018 C.E.
• Rajaraja Narendra (1018 – 1061 C.E.)
• Saktivarman II
• Vijayaditya VII (1063 – 1068 C.E. , 1072 – 1075 C.E.)

Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624 – 641 C.E.) was the brother of Chalukya Pulakesi II. Vishnuvardhana ruled the Vengi territories in the eastern Andhra Pradesh as the viceroy under Pulakesi II from around 615 CE. Eventually Vishnuvardhana declared his independence and started the Eastern Chalukya dynasty (c. ... Events Justus becomes Archbishop of Canterbury. ... Events Founding of the city of Fostat, later Cairo, in Egypt. ... Events Founding of the city of Fostat, later Cairo, in Egypt. ... Events Hlothhere becomes king of Kent Maelduin becomes King of Dalriada Foundation of Ely, England Births Bede, English monk, writer and historian (or 672) Deaths Childeric II, Frankish king of Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy Domangart II, King of Dalriada General Kim Yu-shin of Silla Heads of states Japan - Temmu... Events Hlothhere becomes king of Kent Maelduin becomes King of Dalriada Foundation of Ely, England Births Bede, English monk, writer and historian (or 672) Deaths Childeric II, Frankish king of Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy Domangart II, King of Dalriada General Kim Yu-shin of Silla Heads of states Japan - Temmu... Vishnuvardhana II (673 – 682 C.E.) became the Eastern Chalukya king following the very short rule of his father Indra Bhattaraka His son Mangi Yuvaraja succeeded him. ... Events Hlothhere becomes king of Kent Maelduin becomes King of Dalriada Foundation of Ely, England Births Bede, English monk, writer and historian (or 672) Deaths Childeric II, Frankish king of Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy Domangart II, King of Dalriada General Kim Yu-shin of Silla Heads of states Japan - Temmu... // Events Leo II elected pope. ... // Events Leo II elected pope. ... Events Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I begins the Great Mosque of Damascus Births Deaths Categories: 706 ... Jayasimha II (1015 – 1042 C.E.) succeeded his brother Vikramaditya V on the western Chalukya throne. ... Events Pelayo established the Kingdom of Asturias in the Iberian peninsula (modern day Portugal and Spain). ... Events Abd-ar-rahman I lands in Spain, where the next year he will establish a new Umayyad dynasty. ... Events Pope Adrian I succeeds Pope Stephen IV. Adrian I turns to Charlemagne for support against king Desiderius of the Lombards. ... Events Pope Adrian I succeeds Pope Stephen IV. Adrian I turns to Charlemagne for support against king Desiderius of the Lombards. ... Events The Abbasid capital is moved north from Baghdad to Samarra. ... Events The Abbasid capital is moved north from Baghdad to Samarra. ... Events Succession of Pope Leo IV, (847 - 855) Births Alfred the Great (d. ... Events Succession of Pope Leo IV, (847 - 855) Births Alfred the Great (d. ... Events Births Deaths August 18 - Walafrid Strabo, German monk and theologian Categories: 849 ... Events The Borobudur is completed. ... Events Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia,is deposed by the German Carolingian king Arnulf of Carinthia Arnulf of Carinthia invades Great Moravia Duke Guido of Spoleto crowned Roman Emperor in April The former Silla general Gyeonhwon attacks the city of Gwangju and declares himself king. ... Events Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia,is deposed by the German Carolingian king Arnulf of Carinthia Arnulf of Carinthia invades Great Moravia Duke Guido of Spoleto crowned Roman Emperor in April The former Silla general Gyeonhwon attacks the city of Gwangju and declares himself king. ... Events Embassy of Ahmad ibn Fadlan from Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir Henry the Fowler invades Bavaria and obtains fealty from Arnulf the Bad Births King Edmund I of England Onmyoji Abe no Seimei Deaths September 1 - Richard of... Events Embassy of Ahmad ibn Fadlan from Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir Henry the Fowler invades Bavaria and obtains fealty from Arnulf the Bad Births King Edmund I of England Onmyoji Abe no Seimei Deaths September 1 - Richard of... Events Embassy of Ahmad ibn Fadlan from Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir Henry the Fowler invades Bavaria and obtains fealty from Arnulf the Bad Births King Edmund I of England Onmyoji Abe no Seimei Deaths September 1 - Richard of... Events Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of Gyeongju and places King Gyeongsun on the throne. ... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ... Events Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of Gyeongju and places King Gyeongsun on the throne. ... Events Dao Kang Di succeeds Gong Hui Di and is followed in the same year by Tai Zu, all of the Dali Gu Dynasty in southeast China. ... Events Dao Kang Di succeeds Gong Hui Di and is followed in the same year by Tai Zu, all of the Dali Gu Dynasty in southeast China. ... Events Václav (Saint Wenceslas), Duke of the Bohemians, murdered by his brother, Boleslav I, who succeeds him Gyeonhwon, the king of Hubaekje, is overthrown by his eldest son Singeom. ... Events Václav (Saint Wenceslas), Duke of the Bohemians, murdered by his brother, Boleslav I, who succeeds him Gyeonhwon, the king of Hubaekje, is overthrown by his eldest son Singeom. ... Events Births Deaths Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, Toltec ruler Categories: 947 ... Events Births Deaths Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, Toltec ruler Categories: 947 ... Events Major volcano eruption in Mashu Japan Devastating decade long famine begins in France Byzantine Emperor John I successfully defends the Eastern Roman Empire from massive barbarian invasion Construction completed on Al-Azhar mosque in Cairo, worlds oldest Islamic university Births Leif Ericson, Norse explorer Seyyed Razi, important Muslim... Events Major volcano eruption in Mashu Japan Devastating decade long famine begins in France Byzantine Emperor John I successfully defends the Eastern Roman Empire from massive barbarian invasion Construction completed on Al-Azhar mosque in Cairo, worlds oldest Islamic university Births Leif Ericson, Norse explorer Seyyed Razi, important Muslim... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... // Events World Population 300 million. ... // Events World Population 300 million. ... Events Emperor Sanjo ascends to the throne of Japan. ... Events Emperor Sanjo ascends to the throne of Japan. ... // Team# 1018 Pike High School Robotics Team Team #1018 FIRST Logo Check Out Our FIRST WIKI Page Events Bulgaria becomes part of the Byzantine Empire. ... Rajaraja Narendra (1018 – 1061 CE) was the Eastern Chalukya king of the Vengi kingdom in South India. ... // Team# 1018 Pike High School Robotics Team Team #1018 FIRST Logo Check Out Our FIRST WIKI Page Events Bulgaria becomes part of the Byzantine Empire. ... Events Normans conquer Messina in Sicily Pope Alexander II elected The building of the Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, Germany, had begun to be built. ... Events Anselm of Canterbury becomes prior at Le Bec Sancho I becomes ruler of Aragon Bishopric of Olomouc is founded Births Deaths April 30 - Emperor Renzong (b. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Events William I of England invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake. ... Events Revolt of the Earls. ...

Legacy of Badami Chalukyas

The most enduring legacy of the Chalukya Dynasty is the architecture and art that they left. The rock-cut temples of Pattadakal (UNESCO World Heritage Site),Badami and Aihole, and the some of the celebrated paintings and sculptures of the Ellora and Ajanta caves are examples of the art that the Chalukya Empire patronized. This is considered the beginnings of Chalukyan style of architecture. Over a hundred and fifty temples were built by the Badami Chalukyas in Aihole alone between 450 - 750 CE. At Aihole, the Durga temple (6th C. CE), Ladh Khan temple (450CE), Meguti temple (634 CE), Hucchimalli and Huccappayya temples (5th c. CE.), Badami Cave temples (600CE.) are examples of early chalukyan art. The awe inspiring temples at Pattadakal were commissioned by Vikramaditya II (740CE.). Here the Virupaksha, Mallikarjuna, Sangameswara and a Jain temple are in the dravidian style while Jambulinga, Kasivisweswara and Galaganatha are in the Northern nagara style. The Papanatha temple shows an attempt to combine the Northern & Southern styles. Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ... Aihole123 is now in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... An Italian Futurist sculpture by Umberto Boccioni at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City (MoMA). ... Kailasanatha Temple Ellora is an ancient village 30 km from the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra famous for its magnificent rock cut architecture comprising of Buddhist, Hindu and Jaina cave temples and monasteries built between the 6th and 10th century A.D. These structures were excavated... Ajanta takes the name after the village Ajinţhā in Aurangabad district in the state of Maharashtra(N. lat. ... Aihole123 is now in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ... Events August 25 - Marcian proclaimed Eastern Roman Emperor by Aspar and Pulcheria. ... Events Last Umayyad caliph Marwan II (744-750) overthrown by first Abbasid caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah Bold textItalic textLink title GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM... Vikaramaditya II was a son of Vijayaditya. ...

Art and Literature of Kalyani Chalukyas

Kannada Literature

The Kalyani Chalukyas patronized great Kannada poets like Ranna. He was the court poet of Tailapa II and Sathyashraya. Ranna was the first poet to write under the Chalukyas of Kalyani. Ajitapurana Sahasabhimavijaya, Parashuramacharitha, Sahasa Bhima Vijaya or Gadaa Yudda, Ranna-Kanda are his famous works. There were many other well known Kannada scholars of this time. Among them Chandraraja wrote Madanatilaka, a work on erotics , Shridharacharya wrote Jatakatilaka a work on astrology, Kirtivarma wrote Govaidya on veterinary science , Nayasena wrote Dharmamritha, Nagavarma wrote Kavyavalokana, Brahmashiva wrote Samayaparikshe, Rajaditya wrote Kshetraganita, Vyavaharaganita, and Lilavati, Jagaddala Somanatha's work on medicine was Karnataka Kalyanakaraka . Devara Dasimayya, who wroteVachanas, belonged to this period. Even ministers like Durgasimha wrote panchatantra and army commander Chavundaraya II wrote Lokopakara, a collection of useful knowledge. In short, this was a golden age in Kannada literature.

Sanskrit Literature

The Chalukya rulers of Kalyani gave encouragement to Sanskrit scholars like Vadiraja who wrote Yashodharacharitam and Parshvanatha Charitam . Bilhana immortalized the name of his patron Vikramaditya VI through his Vikramankadeva Charitha. Vijananeshvara achieved fame by writing Mitakshara. Someswara III himself complied an encyclopedia of all arts and sciences. Jagadekamalla wrote Sangithachudamani. Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ...

Architecture

The buildings of later Chalukya style in Bellary, Dharwad and Hyderabad Karnataka areas constitute a link between the early Chalukyan and the Hoysala temples.^[6] The Kalyani style of architecture reaches its maturity and culmination in the 12th century, with over a hundred temples built across the deccan, more then half of them in Karnataka. The Kalyani Chalukyas were also famous for their ornate stepped wells or Pushkarni. Kasi Vishveshvara at Lakkundi in Gadag district, Mallikarjuna at Kuruvatii in Davangere district and Mahadeva at Itagi in Koppal district are the finest examples produced by the later Chalukya architects. The 12th Century Mahadeva Temple with splendid sculptures is said to be one of the finest examples in the country in respect of magnificence and decorative details. The exquisite carvings on walls, pillars and towers speak volumes about the Chalukyan taste and culture. An inscription dated 1112 C.E. in the temple premises describes the temple as Emperor among temples and being constructed by Mahadeva Dandanayaka (army general) of king Vikramaditya VI. History has it that when the legendary sculptor/architect, Amarashilpi Jakanachari was asked by the Hoysalas to build the famous Belur temple, he first visited the Mahadeva temple to gain his inspiration. The Kalyani Chalukya style placed emphasis on ornate pillars and stepped wells called Pushkarni or Kalyani. Lakkundi in Gadag District of Karnataka is a place of antiquarian interest with as many as 50 temples & 29 inscriptions, spread over the period of the later Chalukyas, Kalachuris, Seunas & the Hoysalas. ... Gadag District has a population of 971,955 (2001 Census of India), which increased 13. ... Davanagere District, also known as Davangere District, is an administrative District of Karnataka state in southern India. ... Koppal is an administrative district in the state of Karnataka in India. ... Events The people of Laon, France, proclaim a commune and murder their bishop Salzwedel, Germany is founded The German state of Baden is founded Afonso I becomes Count of Portugal Otto of Ballenstedt is made Duke of Saxony by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Births Deaths October 5 - Sigebert of... Jakanachari, the legendary sculptor who is credited to have built many fine temples for the Kalyani Chalukyas and Hoysalas, including the famous sculptures at Belur and Halebidu was born in a small village called Kaidala 9km. ... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ...

The Kalyani Chalukyas built over fifty temples in Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri regions of Karnataka. They also added many ornate temples in Badami and Aihole during its second phase of temple building activity, like the Mallikarjuna and Yellamma temples. They evolved a new style, which is known as the Gadag architecture. It has been described as belonging to the vesara style, a combination of the South Indian or Dravida and the North Indian or Nagara Styles. Dharwad Peda Dharwad, also known as Dharwar, is a town in Indias Karnataka state. ... Gadag, is a district of Karnataka state in India. ... Haveri is a district in Karnataka, India. ... Vesara is a type of Indian architecture primarily used in temples. ... South India is a region of India that includes the entire Indian Peninsula, south of the Vindhya ranges. ... A map showing North India North India is a geographic and linguistic-cultural region of India. ...

"The Chalukya art zone of Karnataka has been described by K. V. Soundara Rajan as "The Prayaga of coalescing formal trends in temple styles…" Moreover, the building activities of the period were, as Percy Brown observes, "clearly the result of an enthusiasm which was religious in origin and in intensity of purpose." ^[7]

"In Karnataka history, Chalukyan period is considered as golden age. Besides political expansion it represented efficient administration, social security, spread in education and other cultural activities increase in trade and commerce, growth in literature, art and architecture. It also brought in unique religio-social reformation of Basaveswara which gave birth to Veerashaivism". ^[8]

An yearly celebration called Chalukya utsava, a three-day festival of music and dance organized by the government of Karnataka is held every year at Pattadakal, Badami and Aihole. A Kannada movie of the 1960's called Immadi Pulakeshi celebrates the life and times of the great king. Virasaivism is a religious movement of Hinduism in India. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ... Aihole123 is now in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. ...

Coinage

The Chalukyas minted coins that were of a different standard compared to the northern kingdoms. The Badami Chalukyas minted coins with symbols of temples, lion or boar facing right and the lotus. They minted coins that weighted 4gms and were called honnu in old Kannada and had fractions such as fana and the quarter fana, whose modern day equivalent in Kannada being hana. The later Chalukyas struck punch marked gold pagodas which were large thin gold coin with several varying punch marks on them on the obverse. They usually carried multiple punches of symbols such as stylished Lion, Sri in Kannada, Spearhead, King's title, lotus etc. Jayasimha-II (1015 - 1043 AD) used the legend Sri Jaya. Somesvara-I issued coins with legend Sri Tre lo ka malla and Somesvara-II, the legend Bhuvaneka malla, Lakshmideva's coin carried the legend Sri Lasha, and Jagadekamalla-II coinage had the legend Sri Jagade. The Alupas, feudatories of the Chalukyas in coastal Karnataka also issued coins with Kannada and Nagari inscriptions on them. Coins with Kannada legends seem to have minted in Mangalore and those with Nagari legend at the Udupi mint. The Pagodas and Fanams were the common coinage of all the Alupa kings. The obverse of the coins carried the royal emblem "Two Fishes" and the reverse had the legend "Sri Pandya Dhanamjaya" either in Nagari or old (Hale) Kannada. Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ...

MIDDLE KINGDOMS OF INDIA
Timeline:	Northern Empires	Southern Kingdoms	Foreign Kingdoms
6th century BCE  5th century BCE  4th century BCE  3rd century BCE  2nd century BCE  1st century BCE  1st century CE  2nd century CE  3rd century CE  4th century CE  5th century CE  6th century CE  7th century CE  8th century CE  9th century CE 10th century CE 11th century CE Middle kingdoms of India refers to the political entities in India from the 6th century BCE through to the Islamic invasions and the related Decline of Buddhism from the 7th century CE. // Kingdoms and Empires The Aryans had invaded India from the Northwest, according to the Aryan Invasion Theory, and... Coin of the Western Kshatrapas Bhratadaman (278 to 295 CE). ...	Magadha empire Nanda empire Maurya Empire Satavahana empire Sunga Empire Kuninda Kingdom Kalinga Magadha was an ancient kingdom of India, mentioned in both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. ... Nanda dynasty is said to be established by an illegitimate son of the king Mahanandin of the previous Shishunaga dynasty. ... The Mauryan empire (321 to 185 BCE), at its largest extent around 230 BCE. The Lion Capital of Ashoka, erected around 250 BCE. It is the emblem of India. ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates... Approximate greatest extent of the Sunga empire (185 BCE-73 BCE) For other uses of the term Sunga see Sunga (disambiguation) The Sunga empire (or Shunga empire) controlled the eastern part of India from around 185 to 73 BCE. It was established after the fall of the Indian Mauryan empire. ... Silver coin of the Kuninda Kingdom, c. ... Kalinga in 265 B.C. Kalinga was an ancient Indo-Aryan kingdom of central-eastern India, in the province of Orissa. ... Gupta Empire Pala Empire Solanki Sena dynasty	Pandyan Kingdom The Gupta Empire in 400 CE (not including vassal states) The Gupta Empire was one of the largest political and military empires in ancient India. ... Buddha and Bodhisattvas, 11th century, Pala Empire. ... For the English cricketer, See Vikram Solanki The Solanki or Chalukya is a Hindu Gurjar,Rajput dynasty of India, who ruled the kingdom of Gujarat from the 10th to the 13th centuries. ... The Sena dynasty ruled Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. ... The Pandyan kingdom பாண்டியர் was an ancient Tamil state in South India of unknown antiquity. ... Chera Cholas Kalabhras It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chera dynasty. ... The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ... Kalabhras were the South Indian dynasty who between the 3rd and the 6th century C.E. ruled over entire Tamil country, displacing the ancient Chola, Pandya and Chera dynasties. ... Pallava Pallava, were a South Indian dynasty who established their capital at Kanchipuram in the 4th cent. ... Chalukya Rashtrakuta	(Persian rule) (Greek conquests) Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the deccan India during the 8th - 10th century. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau. ... In ancient times, trade between India and Greece flourished with silk, spices and gold being traded. ... Indo-Greeks Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians Kushan Empire Western Kshatrapas Indo-Sassanians Kidarite Kingdom Indo-Hephthalites (Islamic invasion of India) The Indo-Greek Kingdom (or sometimes Greco-Indian Kingdom) covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent from 180 BCE to around 10 CE, and was ruled by a succession of more than thirty Hellenic kings[1], often in conflict with each other. ... Early anepigraphic coinage of the Indo-Scythians (c. ... Coin of Gondophares (20-50 AD), first king of the Indo-Parthians kingdom. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... Approximate territory of the Western Kshatrapas ( 35- 405 CE). ... Coin of the Indo-Sassanian king Varahran I (early 4th century). ... Coin of Kidara (reigned circa 360-380 CE), founder of the Kidarite Kingdom Obv: King Kidara standing. ... Billon drachm of the Hephthalite King Napki Malka (Afghanistan/ Gandhara, c. ... The Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent took place during the ascendancy of the Rajput Kingdoms in North India, during the 7th to the 12th centuries. ... Shahi (Islamic empires in India) Coin of the Shahi king Spalapati Deva, circa 750-900. ... During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in South Asia. ...

Notes

1. ^ Well known historians like Dr. S. C. Sircar, Prof. K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, ASI epigraphist Sri. N. Laxminarayana Rao and Professor S. C. Nandinath have emphatically asserted that the Chalukyas were Kannadigas and very much the natives of Karnataka.
2. ^ the Eastern Chalukyan dynasty was established when Pulakesi II established the Viceroyalty of Vengi under his brother Vishnuvardhana in 624 C.E.
3. ^ The name probably meant "the great lion'
4. ^ Later legends and tradition hailed Tailapa as an incarnation of the God Krishna who fought 108 battles against the race of Ratta (Rashtrakuta) and captured 88 fortresses from them (KAN Sastri)
5. ^ The word Kubja means 'hunchback' pointing to a possible physical deformity of the king.
6. ^ According to Percy Brown.
7. ^ History of Karnataka, Mr. Arthikaje.
8. ^ Dr. Jyotsna Kamat

Events Justus becomes Archbishop of Canterbury. ... Krishna (कृष्ण in Devanagari, IAST ) is according to various Hindu traditions the eighth or the ninth avatar of Vishnu. ...

See also

• Ellora Caves
• Hoysala Empire
• Chola Empire
• Eastern Chalukyas
• Chalukya Cholas

Kailasanatha Temple Ellora is an ancient village 30 km from the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra famous for its magnificent rock cut architecture comprising of Buddhist, Hindu and Jaina cave temples and monasteries built between the 6th and 10th century A.D. These structures were excavated... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Cholas were the most famous of the three dynasties that ruled ancient Tamil Nadu. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... The Chalukya Chola dynasty ruled the Chola Empire from 1070 C.E. until the demise of the empire in the second half of the 13th century. ...

External links

• Indian Inscriptions - Archeological Survey of India
• Chalukyan Art by Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
• List of rulers of Maharashtra
• History Of Karnataka, Mr. Arthikaje
• Coins of Chalukyas
• The Chalukyan magnificence
• Coins of Alupas
• Aihole temples
• Badami caves temples
• Pattadakal temples

References

• Durga Prasad, History of the Andhras upto 1565 A. D., P. G. PUBLISHERS, GUNTUR (1988)
• South Indian Inscriptions
• Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).