Trolls with the changeling they have raised, John Bauer, 1913.

In European folklore and folk belief, a changeling is the offspring of a fairy, troll, elf or other legendary creature that has been secretly left in the place of a human child. The apparent changeling could also be a stock, an animated piece of wood that would soon appear to die. Other claimed changelings would be identified by their wizened appearance, voracious appetite, malicious temper, inability to move, and other unpleasant traits.^[1] Medieval chronicles record instances of this, which is one of the oldest known pieces of folklore about fairies.^[2] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (608x611, 78 KB)Trolls with the changeling they have raised, from Bland Tomtar och Troll, by Swedish artist John Bauer, 1913. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (608x611, 78 KB)Trolls with the changeling they have raised, from Bland Tomtar och Troll, by Swedish artist John Bauer, 1913. ... Trolls with an abducted princess (John Bauer, 1915). ... Tyr and Fenrir, by John Bauer (1911) The Changeling, by John Bauer (1913) Trolls with an abducted princess, by John Bauer (1915) John Bauer (1882–1918) was a Swedish illustrator best known for Bland Tomtar och Troll (Among Elves and Trolls), an annual Christmas book for children published in Sweden. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, customs, material culture, and so forth, common to a particular population, comprising the traditions (including oral traditions) of that culture, subculture, or group. ... Folk religion consists of beliefs, superstitions and cultural practices transmitted from generation to generation. ... It has been suggested that Trooping fairies be merged into this article or section. ... Trolls with an abducted princess (John Bauer, 1915). ... A small forest elf (älva) rescuing an egg, from Solägget (1932), by Elsa Beskow An elf is a mythical creature of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survives in northern European folklore. ... A legendary creature is a mythical or fantastic creature (often known as fabulous creatures in historical literature). ...

The motivation for this conduct stems from the desire to have a human servant, the love of a human child, or from malice.^[3] Some people believed that trolls would take unbaptized children. Beauty in children and young women, particularly blond hair, attracted the fairies.^[4] In Scottish folklore, the children might be replacments for fairy children in the tithe to Hell^[5]; this is best known from the ballad of Tam Lin.^[6] Some folklorists, who held that the fairies were memories of inhabitants of various regions in Europe who had been driven into hiding by invaders, held that changelings had actually occurred; the hiding people would exchange their own, sickly children, for the healthy children of the invaders.^[7] Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or knowing man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ... A servant is a person who is hired to provide regular household or other duties, and receives compensation. ... The term Malice has several meanings: Malice (legal term), a legal term describing the intent to harm Malice (movie), a 1993 movie starring Nicole Kidman, Alec Baldwin and Bill Pullman Malice (noun), a way to describe the feeling of hatred or disrespect. ... Tam Lin is the hero of a Scottish Borders legend about fairies and mortal men (one of several Thomases in myth, such as True Thomas also known as Thomas the Rhymer). ...

The reality behind many changeling legends was often the birth of deformed or retarded children. Among the diseases with symptoms that match the description of changelings in various legends are spina bifida, cystic fibrosis, PKU, progeria, homocystinuria, William's syndrome, Hurler's syndrome, Hunter's syndrome, and cerebral palsy. The greater proneness of boys to birth defect correlates to the belief that boy babies were more likely to be taken.^[8] In engineering mechanics, deformation is a change in shape due to an applied force. ... Mental retardation (also called mental handicap[1] and, as defined by the UK Mental Health Act 1983, mental impairment and severe mental impairment[2]) is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills (milestones) during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual... Phenylketonuria fee-nil-kee-ton-yur-ee-aah+ (PKU) is a human genetic disorder that occurs in about 1 in 15,000 births, but the incidence varies widely in different human populations from 1 in 4,500 births among the Irish to fewer than one in 100,000 births among... Progeria narrowly refers to Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome, but the term is also used more generally to describe any of the so-called accelerated aging diseases. The word progeria is derived from the Greek for prematurely old. Because the accelerated aging diseases display different aspects of aging, but never every... Homocystinuria, also known as Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency, is inherited disorder of the metabolism of the amino acid methionine. ... Williams syndrome (also Williams-Beuren syndrome, sometimes called Pixieism) is a rare genetic disorder, occurring in fewer than 1 in 7,500 live births. ... Hurler syndrome, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) or Hurlers disease, is a genetic disorder that results in the deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase, which is an enzyme that breaks down mucopolysaccharides. ... Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharoidosis Type II, is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficient (or absent) enzyme, iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). ... Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive neurological physical disabilities in the development of human movement and posture. ...

Most often it was thought that faeries exchanged the children, and simple charms, such as an inversed coat, were thought to ward them off.

According to some legends, it is possible to detect changelings, as they are much wiser than human children. When changelings are detected in time, their parents have to take them back. In one tale of the Brothers Grimm, there's an account of how a woman, who suspected that her child had been exchanged, started to brew beer in the hull of an acorn. The changeling uttered: "now I am as old as an oak in the woods but I have never seen beer being brewed in an acorn", then disappeared.^[9] Wilhelm (left) and Jacob Grimm (right) from an 1855 painting by Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann The Brothers Grimm (Brüder Grimm, in their own words, not Gebrüder - for there were five surviving brothers, among them Ludwig Emil Grimm, the painter) were Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Hessian professors who were best... A selection of bottled beers A selection of cask beers Beer is the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage, selling more than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) per year. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Species See List of Quercus species The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus, and some related genera, notably Cyclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus. ...

Scandinavia

Since most beings from Scandinavian folklore are said to be afraid of steel, Scandinavian parents often placed a steel item such as a pair of scissors or a knife on top of an unbaptized infant's cradle. It was believed that, if a human child was taken in spite of such measures, the parents could force the return of the child by treating the changeling cruelly, using methods such as whipping or even inserting it in a heated oven. In at least one case, a woman was taken to court for having killed her child in an oven.^[10] Scandinavian folklore is the folklore of Sweden, Norway and Denmark. ... The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is an alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0. ... Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. ... Different types of scissors - sewing, kitchen, paper Scissors are a tool used for cutting thin material which requires little force. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... // Whip from Germany. ... In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is defined as energy in transit. ... Oven depicted in a painting by Millet An oven is an enclosed compartment for heating, baking or drying. ... In sociology and biology, infanticide is the practice of intentionally causing the death of an infant of a given species, by members of the same species - often by the mother. ...

painting by John Bauer of two trolls with a human child they have raised

In one Swedish changeling tale^[11], the troll child grows up at a farm while the human child grows up among the trolls. Everyone advises the human mother to brutalize the changeling so that the trolls would change children once more. However, the woman refuses to treat the innocent but maladapted troll child cruelly and persists in treating it as if it was her own. In the end, her husband tries to burn the young troll, but the woman rescues it, so the man takes him on a walk to kill it in the forest. Somehow, he regrets his decision and saves the life of the troll. Suddenly, his own son returns and tells his father that his kindness broke the spell and liberated him. Every time someone tried to be cruel to the troll, his troll mother was about to treat the human child in the same manner. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Tyr and Fenrir, by John Bauer (1911) The Changeling, by John Bauer (1913) Trolls with an abducted princess, by John Bauer (1915) John Bauer (1882–1918) was a Swedish illustrator best known for Bland Tomtar och Troll (Among Elves and Trolls), an annual Christmas book for children published in Sweden. ...

In another Swedish fairy tale^[12] (which is depicted by the image), a princess is kidnapped by trolls and replaced with their own offspring against the wishes of the troll mother. The changelings grow up with their new parents and both become beautiful young females, but they find it hard to adapt. The human girl is disgusted by her future bridegroom, a troll prince, whereas the troll girl is bored by her life and by her dull human future groom. By coincidence, they both go astray in the forest, upset with the conditions of their lives, and happen to pass each other without noticing it. The princess comes to the castle whereupon the queen immediately recognizes her, and the troll girl finds a troll woman who is cursing loudly as she works. The troll girl bursts out that the troll woman is much more fun than any other person she has ever seen, and her mother happily sees that her true daughter has returned. Both the human girl and the troll girl marry happily the very same day. Princess is the feminine form of prince (from Latin princeps, meaning principal citizen). ... A groom nervously waits for his bride. ... The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings — one generic, and several types of titles. ... Balmoral Castle, Scotland Castle has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning. ... A queen regnant is a female monarch who possesses all the monarchal powers that a king would have without regard to gender. ... Look up Profanity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Matrimony redirects here. ...

Wales

In Wales the changeling child (plentyn newid) initially resembles the human it substitutes, but gradually grows uglier in appearance and behaviour: ill-featured, malformed, ill-tempered, given to screaming and biting. It may be of less than usual intelligence, but again is identified by its more than childlike wisdom and cunning. Shapeshifting, transformation , transmogrification or morphing is a change in the form or shape of a person, especially: a change from human form to animal form and vice versa a change in appearance from one person to another Shapeshifting is not considered scientifically or medically possible for humans (and animal shapeshifting...

The common means employed to identify a changeling is to cook a family meal in an eggshell. The child will exclaim, "I have seen the acorn before the oak, but I never saw the likes of this," and vanish, only to be replaced by the original human child. Alternatively, or following this identification, it is necessary to mistreat the child by placing it in a hot oven, by holding it in a shovel over a hot fire, or by bathing it in a solution of foxglove. Brewery of Eggshells is a Welsh fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in his Celtic Fairy Tales. ... Species Digitalis ferruginea Digitalis grandiflora Digitalis lanata Digitalis lutea Digitalis obscura Digitalis purpurea Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous biennials, perennials and shrubs in the foxglove family Scrophulariaceae. ...

(Wirt Sikes. British Goblins: The Realm of Faerie. Felinfach: Llanerch, 1991.)

Ireland

In Ireland, looking at a baby with envy -- "over looking the baby" -- was dangerous, as it endangered the baby, who was then in the fairies' power.^[13] So too was admiring or envying a woman or man dangerous, unless the person added a blessing; the able-bodied and beautiful were in particular danger. Women were in especially danger in liminal states: being a new bride, or a new mother.^[14] Liminality (from the Latin word līmen, meaning a threshold) is the quality of the second stage of a ritual in the theories of Arnold van Gennep, Victor Turner, and others. ...

Putting a changeling in a fire would cause it to jump up the chimney and return the human child, but at least one tale recounts a mother with a changeling finding that a fairy woman came to her home with the human child, saying the other fairies had done the exchange, and she wanted her own baby.^[15] The tale of surprising a changeling into speech -- by brewing eggshells -- is also told in Ireland, as in Wales.^[16]

Two Victorian cases reflected the belief. In 1826, Anne Roche bathed Michael Leahy, a four-year-old boy unable to speak or stand, three times in the Flesk; he drowned the third time. She swore that she was merely attempting to drive the fairy out of him, and the jury acquited her of murder.^[17] In the 1890's, Bridget Cleary was killed by several people, including her husband and parents; she had apparently developed a mental illness, and they grew convinced that she had been taken by the fairy and the apparent woman was a changeling. The killers were convicted of manslaughter rather than murder, as even after the death they were convinced that they had killed a changeling, not Bridget Cleary.^[18]

In parts of Ireland, left handed people are sometimes thought to be changeling fae. Southpaw redirects here; for other uses, see Southpaw (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Trooping fairies be merged into this article or section. ...

German

Changelings were also noted in German folklore. Martin Luther asserted that he himself had seen a changeling, twelve-year-old, that did nothing but eat, and recommended that it be drowned. When the local prince rejected this, he recommended repeating the Lord's Prayer, and reported that the changeling died within a year.^[19] Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ...

Replacement people in modern literature, film, and gaming

Replacement people, also known as substituted people, shapeshifters, and/or changelings, appear in a number of modern works of fiction - books, films, television, games, and elsewhere. Shapeshifting, transformation or transmogrification refers to a change in the form or shape of a person. ...

Literature

• Refer to Brothers Grimm numerous fairy tales.
• The central protagonist of Eloise McGraw's Newberry-winning novel The Moorchild is an inept fae who is forced to become a changeling.
• Uther Pendragon took on the appearance of Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall in the King Arthur stories.
• Antonio in Thomas Middleton and William Rowley's "The Changeling" (1622), is listed in the dramatis personae as The Changeling
• In Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, Nelly Dean describes Heathcliff at one point as "a changeling".^[20]
• In "Pickman's Model" by H.P. Lovecraft, it is implied that Ghouls sometimes exchange their young with human children in a similar manner, and that Pickman himself may be one of these Changelings.
• A novel by Poul Anderson, "The Broken Sword" (1954), depicts the exchange of a mortal child with a changeling. Although near identical in appearance to the original, the changeling is a moody loner prone to fits of the berserkergang.
• In Stephen King's book Christine, Roland LeBay's brother says his mother used to say that "Rollie was a changeling" and that Puck took her good baby.
• "The Corpse" from Mike Mignola's Hellboy begins with Hellboy investigating what turns out to be a Changeling.
• Poul Anderson's Operation Chaos features a changeling, and an explanation, involving parallel worlds, for why such a being might be left for a child.
• Many references to the legends and folklore of faerie changelings are made throughout Raymond E. Feist's popular 1988 fantasy novel, Faerie Tale.
• Jane, the heroine of Michael Swanwick's The Iron Dragon's Daughter, is a changeling who was stolen by the fairies to work in a factory.
• The Body Snatchers, novel which was the basis for several adaptations (see "movies and television")
• Roger Zelazny, Changeling (1981). Novel depicting the adventures of both changelings, maladapted in their respective new worlds.
• The Changeling by Robin Jenkins (1995) is about a boy who is intelligent but a horrible vitcim of his circumstances amd there is several references to a changeling ISBN:0862412285 Canongate publishers website
• Keith Donohue's novel, "The Stolen Child," (Nan Talese/2006) (see http://www.keithdonohue.com) deals with the boy Henry Day and the faery changeling who replaces him.
• Gregory Maguire's Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister (1999) indicates the possibility of Clara, his Cinderella character, being a "changeling child."
• The eighth book in Cate Tiernan's series Wicca (Sweep in the US) is entitled Changeling. Though there is little to nothing to do with an actual changeling within the book, Morgan is taught by her father, Ciaran, how to shapeshift into a wolf.
• Tom Deitz's fantasy-meets-modern times 'David Sullivan' series, David Sullivan's little brother is replaced with a faerie changeling. The brother is essentially a human shell, unable to do anything but stare.
• Changelings appear repeatedly in the works of Caitlín R. Kiernan, where they are usually referred to as "The Children of the Cuckoo" and are raised to serve the ghul (also called "The Hounds of Cain"), a subterranean race of werewolf-like creatures. See particularly "So Runs the World Away" and "The Dead and the Moonstruck" (both in To Charles Fort, With Love), as well as Kiernan's novels Low Red Moon (2003) and Daughter of Hounds (2007).
• 'The Stolen Child', by Keith Donohue alternates viewpoints between a changeling in his new life, and the stolen boy's new life as a changeling.
• In Tithe : A Modern Faerie Tale by Holly Black, the protagonist, Kaye, discovers that she is a changeling glamoured to look like a human.
• In Halo: The Fall of Reach, the subjects for the Spartan-II program were secretly kidnapped at early ages (average being 6 years old) from their families, and replaced with flash-cloned copies of the subjects, which all die shortly after the operation due to neurological problems with the flash-cloning process.
• "Changeling" (2007) is the name of Mike Oldfield's autobiography.
• Theo, the main character in Tad Williams's book, The War of the Flowers, is revealed to be a changeling.

Wilhelm (left) and Jacob Grimm (right) from an 1855 painting by Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann The Brothers Grimm (Brüder Grimm, in their own words, not Gebrüder - for there were five surviving brothers, among them Ludwig Emil Grimm, the painter) were Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Hessian professors who were best... Eloise Jarvis McGraw (1915 - November 30, 2000) was an author of childrens books. ... The Newbery Honor is a citation given by the Association for Library Service to Children of the American Library Association (ALA) to select American childrens books. ... The Moorchild is a novel by Eloise McGraw, centering on the life of a changeling girl in Ireland and drawing heavily from Irish and European folklore about changelings, leprechauns and fairies. ... Uther Pendragon (pen-dragon = head of the dragons) is the legendary father of King Arthur in the Arthurian legend. ... In the legendary tales of King Arthur, Gorlois was the Duke of Cornwall and married to the beautiful Ygerna (Igraine or Ygraine). ... A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15c) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ... Thomas Middleton (baptized April 18, 1580, died 1627) was an English Jacobean playwright and poet. ... William Rowley was an English Jacobean dramatist, best known for works written in collaboration with more successful writers. ... For other uses see Changeling (disambiguation) Trolls with the changeling they have raised, John Bauer, 1913 A changeling, in various European legends, is the offspring of a fairy, troll, elf or other creature, left secretly in exchange for a human child. ... Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontës only novel. ... Portrait by her brother Emily Jane Brontë (July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her only novel Wuthering Heights, which is now an acknowledged classic of English literature. ... Heathcliff may refer to any of these : Heathcliff is a character from the book Wuthering Heights Heathcliff (musical) is a musical based on Wuthering Heights Heathcliff is a comic strip about a cat of the same name Dr. Heathcliff Cliff Huxtable, the lead character on The Cosby Show This is... Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of fantasy, horror and science fiction, noted for combining these three genres within single narratives. ... Ghouls are a variety of monster that come from Arab folklore. ... Poul Anderson portrayed on the cover of a special edition of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction; painting by Kelly Freas. ... In Norse mythology, Berserkers (or Berserks) were warriors who fought in an uncontrollable rage or trance of fury, the berserkergang. ... For other persons named Stephen King, see Stephen King (disambiguation). ... Christine is a horror novel by Stephen King, published in 1983. ... Mike Mignola (born in Berkeley, California on September 16, 1960) is a American comic book artist and writer. ... It has been suggested that Right_Hand_of_Doom be merged into this article or section. ... Poul Anderson portrayed on the cover of a special edition of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction; painting by Kelly Freas. ... For the CIA intelligence project, see Operation CHAOS. Operation Chaos is a 1971 science fiction/fantasy fixup novel by Poul Anderson. ... Parallel universe or alternate reality in science fiction and fantasy is a self-contained separate reality coexisting with our own. ... Raymond E. Feist (born 1945, Los Angeles, California) is an American author, mostly specialising in fantasy fiction. ... At the 63rd World Science Fiction Convention in Glasgow, August 2005 Michael Swanwick (born November 18, 1950) is an American science fiction author. ... The Iron Dragons Daughter is a fantasy and science fiction novel by writer Michael Swanwick. ... The Body Snatchers is a 1955 science fiction novel by Jack Finney, originally serialized in Colliers Magazine in 1954, which describes Earth being invaded by seeds which have drifted to Earth from space. ... Roger Joseph Zelazny (May 13, 1937 – June 14, 1995) was an American writer of fantasy and science fiction short stories and novels. ... Changeling is a 1981 fantasy novel by Roger Zelazny. ... Born Cardiff, South Wales, UK July 27, 1973. ... Gregory Maguire (born June 9, 1954 in Albany, New York) is an American author. ... Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister is a novel by Gregory Maguire, retelling the tale of Cinderella through the eyes of her Ugly Stepsisters. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Cate Tiernan (born July 24, 1961) is an American writer. ... The pentagram within a circle, a symbol of faith used by many Wiccans, sometimes called a pentacle. ... Sweep may be any of the following: Look up Sweep in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Shapeshifting, transformation or transmogrification refers to a change in the form or shape of a person. ... Caitlín Rebekah Kiernan (born May 26, 1964 in Skerries, Dublin, Ireland) is the author of numerous science fiction and dark fantasy works, including many comics, more than seventy published short stories, and numerous scientific papers. ... Cover art by Ryan Obermeyer To Charles Fort, With Love is a short-story collection by fantasist Caitlin R. Kiernan, published by Subterranean Press in 2005. ... Holly Black (born 1971) is the New York Times bestselling author of The Spiderwick Chronicles series of childrens fantasy books (illustrated by Tony DiTerlizzi), Valiant : A Modern Tale of Faerie, and Tithe : A Modern Faerie Tale. ... Spoiler warning: Halo: The Fall of Reach is a 2001 novel based on the video game Halo: Combat Evolved (2001). ... Michael Gordon Oldfield (born May 15, 1953 in Reading, England) is a multi-instrumentalist musician and composer, working a style that blends progressive rock, folk, ethnic or world music, classical music, electronic music and more recently dance. ... Robert Paul Tad Williams (born March 14, 1957) is the author of several fantasy and science fiction novels, including Tailchasers Song, the Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn series, the Otherland series, and The War of the Flowers. ... The War of the Flowers is a fantasy book written by Tad Williams and published in North America by DAW books in 2003, ISBN 0-7564-0181-X. It is a stand-alone book of approximately 800 pages, // Plot Overview Spoiler warning: Part One: Goodnight Nobody Theo Vilmos is an...

Movies and television

• Peter Medak, The Changeling. A horror film starring George C. Scott in which a crippled child is substituted with a healthy one.
• Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956 - directed by Don Siegel, 1978 - directed by Philip Kaufman), Body Snatchers - directed by Abel Ferrara.
• An episode of Blake's 7 (Star One).
• The Slitheen in the 2005 series of Doctor Who.
• Labyrinth, a 1986 movie.
• "The Changeling" was a Star Trek episode, a title referring to this legend. At the end of the episode Captain Kirk refers to the legend to compare what occurred to Nomad.
• In the spin-off series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the character of Odo is referred to as being of a race of shapeshifting Changelings.
• In Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones, Zam Wesell is a Changeling Clawdite who works for Jango Fett by trying to assassinate Padmé Amidala.
• In one episode of the Disney Channel show "So Weird," Annie, the girl who replaced Fi, is babysitting when the child is replaced by a changeling. She notices the change almost immediately, and has to make the changeling child laugh, by cooking stew in an eggshell, which forces its parents to return the child, and take back the changeling.

Peter Medak Peter Medak (December 23, 1937) is a Hungary-born director of British and American movies. ... The Changeling is a 1980 Canadian film directed by Peter Medak and starring George C. Scott and Trish Van Devere. ... Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a 1956 science fiction film. ... Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a 1978 science fiction film based on the novel The Body Snatchers by Jack Finney. ... Body Snatchers poster, 1993 Body Snatchers is a 1993 science fiction film, a remake of the 1956 film Invasion of the Body Snatchers. ... Blakes 7 was a British science fiction television series made by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for their BBC 1 channel. ... The Slitheen are a fictional family of massive, bipedal extraterrestrials from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who and adversaries of the Doctor. ... Doctor Who is a long-running British science fiction television programme (and 1996 television movie) produced by the BBC about the adventures of a mysterious time-traveller known as The Doctor, who explores time and space with his companions, solving problems and righting wrongs. ... Labyrinth is a 1986 fantasy film directed by Jim Henson and designed through the art of Brian Froud and Henson, with screenwriting by Henson, childrens author Dennis Lee, and Monty Python alum Terry Jones. ... The Changeling is a season two episode of Star Trek: The Original Series, first broadcast on September 29, 1967 and repeated May 17, 1968. ... The current Star Trek franchise logo Star Trek is an epic American science fiction franchise. ... James Tiberius Kirk (2233 - 2293/2371), played by William Shatner, is the leading character in the original Star Trek TV series and the films based on it. ... Nomad is a fictional space probe featured in the Star Trek episode: The Changeling. ... Space station Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (ST:DS9 or STDS9 or DS9 for short) is a science fiction television series produced by Paramount and set in the Star Trek universe. ... Odo is a shapeshifter played by Rene Auberjonois on the science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. ... Salome Jens as The Female Changeling from Star Trek: Deep Space 9. ... Film poster for Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) is the fifth Star Wars science fiction movie released and the second part of the prequel trilogy which began with Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. ... Zam Wesell (52 - 22 BBY) is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe, played by Leeanna Walsman. ... Spoiler warning: // The Abyssin inhabit the planet Byss. ... Jango Fett (66 – 22 BBY) is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe whose first cinematic appearance was in Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones, in which he was played by Temuera Morrison. ... Padmé Amidala is a fictional character in George Lucass Star Wars saga. ... So Weird was a television series shot in Vancouver, British Columbia that aired on the Disney Channel from 1999 to 2001. ...

Gaming

• Changeling: The Dreaming. A game in White Wolf Game Studio's "World of Darkness" role playing game line that focuses on a struggle between glamor and banality. Based on traditional tales from various world cultures. The players take the role of different Changelings, fairies and other fantastic creatures who were forced to incarnate themselves into human bodies in order to survive in a modern and dreamless world. Character types include, but are not limited to; Sidhe, Redcaps, Pooka, Trolls, Nockers, Boggans, Eshu, Selkies, Piskies, and Chulrchaun. Antoganists represent or are pawns of banality, such as Autum People, Duantain, Nightmares, Nurvosa, other Fae, mortals, Mages, Vampires, and Werewolves. White Wolf's New World of Darkness line has a new Changeling game set for a 2007 release.
• In the Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game, changelings are a separate race, who are capable of assuming a variety of forms, even duplicating and replacing other people.
• In the Eberron campaign world of Dungeons and Dragons, the Changeling is offered as a possible choice as a race. Though not a Changeling in a traditional sense, this race shares the name with the figure of folklore.
• In the horror-fantasy card game, Munchkin Bites, a Changeling is a choice of race.

Changeling: The Dreaming was part of White Wolf Game Studios original World of Darkness role playing game line. ... The Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game is a game produced by Palladium Books. ... The Eberron logo Eberron is a campaign setting created by author and game designer Keith Baker for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. ... The original Dungeons & Dragons set Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) published by Gary Gygax and David Arneson in January 1974. ... Munchkins are the natives of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum. ...

Other

• There are also the reptile people posited by David Icke.
• It has been hypothesized that the changeling legend may have developed, or at least been used to, explain the peculiarities of children who did not develop normally, probably including all sorts of developmental delays and abnormalities. In particular, it has been suggested that children with autism would be likely to be labeled as changelings or elf-children due to their strange, sometimes inexplicable behavior. This has found a place in autistic culture. Some high-functioning autistic adults have come to identify with changelings (or other replacements, such as aliens) for this reason and their own feeling of being in a world where they don’t belong and of practically not being the same species as the "normal" people around them.^{[citation needed]}
• The Doors' album L.A.Woman opens with a track called The Changeling, which includes the lyrics "I'm a Changeling. See me change".
• DJ Shadow's album Endtroducing contains a track called Changeling.
• Infants diagnosed with Failure to thrive that have no history of neglect also fit the description of changelings. This can be a devastating diagnosis, and it is easy to see how people would have taken comfort in placing the cause outside their influence. The stories of kindness and care being rewarded with the return of the child also fit the nursing needed to restore an infant's health.

David Icke David Vaughan Icke (pronounced IKE) (born April 29, 1952) is a British writer. ... Autism is classified by the World Health Organization and American Psychological Association as a developmental disability that results from a disorder of the human central nervous system. ... It has been suggested that autistic community be merged into this article or section. ... The Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles by keyboardist Ray Manzarek, vocalist Jim Morrison, drummer John Densmore, and guitarist Robby Krieger. ... For other uses see Changeling (disambiguation) Trolls with the changeling they have raised, John Bauer, 1913 A changeling, in various European legends, is the offspring of a fairy, troll, elf or other creature, left secretly in exchange for a human child. ... Josh Davis, a. ... ... Failure to thrive is a medical term which denotes poor weight gain and physical growth failure over an extended period of time in infancy. ...

Notes

References

Francis James Child (February 1, 1825 - September 11, 1896), was an American scholar and educationist, and collector of what came to be known as the Child Ballads. ... Selma Lagerlöf, painted by Carl Larsson, 1908 Selma Lagerlöf receives the Nobel Prize in Literature The Swedish 20-krona bill, with Selma Lagerlöf   (November 20, 1858 – March 16, 1940) was a Swedish author, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1909. ... Helena Nyblom(1843-1926) was a Swedish childrens story author. ... John Bauer, Good evening, old man! the boy greeted (1915), illustration in Bland Tomtar och Troll Bland tomtar och troll (English: ), is a popular Swedish folklore and fairy tales annual. ...

See also

• Corrigan (Breton folklore)

The Corrigan in the folklore of Brittany is a female fairy, said to have been one of the ancient druidesses. ...

External links

• D. L. Ashliman's Changelings page at University of Pittsburgh