Portrait presumed to be of Giovanni Arnolfini by Jan van Eyck, late 1430's. The chaperon is worn with cornette tied on top of the head, and the patte hanging behind (style C). The bourrelet is twisted. ^[1]

Chaperon (IPA: [ˈʃæpəˌroʊn]; Middle French: chaperon) was a form of hood or, later, highly versatile hat worn in Europe in the Middle Ages. It was especially fashionable in mid-15th century Burgundy. Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini (c. ... The Arnolfini Portrait, painted 1434 Jan van Eyck (c. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Middle French (le moyen français) is a historical division of the French language which covers the period from (roughly) 1340 to 1610. ... There are many different styles of hats. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The following is a list of the Dukes of Burgundy Richard of Autun, the Justicier (880–921) Rudolph of Burgundy (king of France from 923) (921–923) Hugh the Black (923–952) Gilbert of Chalon (952–956) Odo of Paris (956-965) Otto-Henry the Great...

Humble origins

The chaperon began before 1200 as a hood with a short cape, put on by pulling over the head, or fastening at the front. The hood could be pulled off the head to hang behind, leaving the short cape round the neck and shoulders. The edge of the cape was often trimmed, cut or scalloped for decorative effect. There were wool ones, used in cold weather, and lighter ones for summer. In this form it continued through to the end of the Middle Ages, worn by the lower classes, often by women as well as men, and especially in Northern Europe. The hood was loose at the back, and sometimes ended in a tail that came to a point. A hood is a kind of headgear. ... A mysterious man in a cape, in Seinfeld, in episode 6-4. ...

Terms and derivation

The carried chaperon of the lower man shows clearly (from bottom) the patte, bourrelet and cornette. The man above has a much larger bourrelet and his patte tied under the chin - detail from gallery

Chaperon is a diminutive of chape, which derives, like the English cap, cape and cope, from the Late Latin cappa, which already could mean cap, cape or hood (OED). A cap is a form of headgear. ... A mysterious man in a cape, in Seinfeld, in episode 6-4. ... a priest wearing a cope The cope is a liturgical vestment, which may be of any liturgical colour, and is like a very long mantle or cloak, fastened at the breast by a clasp. ... OED stands for Oxford English Dictionary Office of Enrollment & Discipline This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The tail of the hood, often quite long, was called the tippit^[2] or liripipe in English, and liripipe or cornette in French. The cape element was a patte in French and in English cape , or sometimes cockscomb^[2] when fancily cut. Later a round bourrelet (or rondel) could form part of the assemblage.^[1] Patte, cornette and bourrelet were the usual terms in the French of the 15th century Burgundian court, and are used here.^[1] Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

Chaperon was sometimes used in English, and also German, for both the hood and hat forms (OED). As with all aspects of medieval costume, there are many contemporary images of clothing, and many mentions of names for clothing in contemporary documents, but matching the names to the styles in the images is very difficult.^[2] In Italian the word was cappuccio, or its diminutive cappuccino, from which come the Capuchin friars, whose distinctive white hood and brown robe led to the monkey and the type of coffee being named after them. OED stands for Oxford English Dictionary Office of Enrollment & Discipline This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (OFM Cap) is an order of friars in the Roman Catholic Church, among the chief offshoots of the Franciscans. ... Type Species Simia capucina Linnaeus, 1758 Species Cebus capucinus Cebus albifrons Cebus olivaceus Cebus kaapori Cebus apella Cebus libidinosus Cebus nigritus Cebus xanthosternos Cebus queirozi Tufted Capuchin (Cebus apella) The capuchins are the group of New World monkeys classified as genus Cebus. ... A typical cappuccino with foam. ...

Little Red Riding Hood is Le Petit Chaperon rouge in the earliest published version, by Charles Perrault, and French depictions of the story naturally favour the chaperon over the long riding-hood of ones in English. A depiction by Gustave Dore Little Red Riding Hood is a famous folktale about a young girls encounter with a wolf. ... Charles Perrault, 1665 Charles Perrault (January 12, 1628 – May 16, 1703) was a French author who laid foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, and whose best known tales include Le Petit Chaperon rouge (Little Red Riding Hood), La Belle au bois dormant (Sleeping Beauty), Le Chat bott...

In French chaperon was also the term in falconry for the hood placed over a hawk's head when held on the hand to stop it wanting to fly away. It is either this or the headgear meaning that later extended figuratively to become Chaperon (in UK English, almost always chaperone) meaning a protective escort, especially for a woman. // Flying a Saker Falcon Falconry or hawking is the art or sport involving raptors (birds of prey) to hunt or pursue game. ... A chaperon (or chaperone) is an adult who accompanies or supervises one or more young, unmarried men or women during social occasions usually with the specific intent of preventing inappropriate social or sexual interactions. ...

Using the wrong hole

About 1300 the chaperon began to be worn by putting the hole intended for the face over the top of the head instead; perhaps in hot weather. This left the cornette tail and the cape or patte, hanging loose from the top of the head. This became fashionable, and chaperons began to be made to be worn in this style. Some authorities only use the term chaperon for this type, calling the earlier forms hoods - which was certainly their usual name in English. This is a categorisation for modern discussions only; there is no dispute over whether chaperon was the contemporary term. See the wearing Colley-Weston-ward of the Mandelion for an analagous development in a type of coat.

A padded circular bourrelet (or rondel) evolved, which sat around the head, whilst the cornette became much longer, and gradually more scarf-like in shape, until by the 1430s it was usually straight at the sides and square-ended. Especially in Italy, the cornette was sometimes dispensed with, leaving just an un-flared tubular patte fixed to the bourrelet all round and hanging down to one side of the head. Reed (see refs) calls these sack hats.^[2]

By 1400-16, the period of the famous illuminated manuscripts of the Livre de Chasse of Gaston Phoebus (Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris Ms Français 616), and the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry chaperons are to be seen worn by many figures. In the famous Calendar scenes of the Trés Riches Heures, they are worn in the original form by the peasants working in the fields, both men and women (February, March and September), and huntsmen (December), and in the new form by some of the courtiers (January and May), who wear coloured and scalloped ones, probably of silk. However the Duke himself, and the most prominent courtiers do not wear them. In the Livre du Chasse they are most often worn by the lower huntsmen on foot in the original form, though they and mounted hunters also wear them on top of the head. Figures often have a hood chaperon and a hat as well. Interestingly, only the original form (trimmed with fur in one case - fol.51V) is worn by the very highest-ranking figures. [1] An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript, often of a religious nature, in which the text is supplemented by the addition of colourful ornamentation, such as decorated initials, borders and the like. ... Gaston III of Foix-Béarn, also Gaston Fébus or Gaston Phoebus (April 30, 1331 - 1391) was the 11th count of Foix, and viscount of Béarn (1343-1391). ... The new buildings of the library. ... An illuminated page from the Très Riches Heures showing the day for exchanging gifts from the month of January The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (or simply the Très Riches Heures) is probably the most important illuminated manuscript of the 15th century, le roi des...

Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy after Rogier van der Weyden, c1450, has an unusually large bourrelet, surely hollow, worn in style D

By the 1430s most chaperons had become simpler in the treatment of the cloth, and the cornette is long and plain, although the patte may still be elaborately treated with dagging. A perhaps overdressed courtier in a Van der Weyden workshop Exhumation of St Hubert (National Gallery, London NG 783) from this decade still has a very elaborately cut and dagged patte.^[1] A figure behind him is wearing his in church, which is unusual (both figures can be paralleled in the Seven Sacraments Altarpiece - see Gallery below). Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good or Philippe le Bon) (1396–1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. ... Deposition by Roger van der Weyden (c. ... The National Gallery from Trafalgar Square The National Gallery is an art gallery in London, located on the north side of Trafalgar Square. ...

Evolved chaperon

By the middle of the fifteenth century the evolved chaperon (worn on top of the head, with bourrelet) had become common wear for males in the upper and middle classes, and were worn in painted portraits, including those of the Dukes of Burgundy. The amount of cloth involved had become considerable, and although chaperons seem to have normally been of a single colour at this period, a silk or damask one would have been a conspicuous sign of affluence. Chaperons are nearly always shown in art as plain-coloured at this period, but painting a patterned one would have been a daunting task.

The cornette now stretched nearly to the ground, and the patte had also grown slightly; both were now plain and undecorated by cutting or dagging at the edges. Bourrelets could be very large, or quite modest; some were clearly made round a hollow framework (a drawing survives of an Italian block for making them). ^[1] The largest bourrelets are worn by very high-ranking men around 1445-50. Sometimes they seem to be just a ring (the doughnut analogy is hard to resist) with an open centre, and sometimes the opening seems to be at least partly covered with fixed cloth. Because the bourrelets were usually the same shape all the way round, several different parts of it could be worn facing forward. Probably for this reason, chaperons are rarely seen adorned by badges or jewelery. There were now many ways of wearing, and indeed carrying, this most complex and adaptable of hats: Doughnuts being glazed at a Krispy Kreme store in Sydney. ...

• A) the cornette and patte could be tied together on top of the head, to create a flamboyant turban-like effect, sometimes with a short tail of cornette or patte hanging to the rear.
• B) the patte could be looped under the chin and tied or pinned to the bourrelet on the other side of the face, whilst the cornette hung behind or in front, or was tied on top.
• C) the patte could be worn to the loose to the rear, with the cornette tied on top, or hanging loose to front or rear.
• D) conversely the patte could be tied above, whilst the cornette hung loose to front or rear.
• E) the patte could be worn to the rear, loose or tucked into the other clothes at the back of the neck, whilst the cornette was wrapped round over the top of the head and under the chin a couple of times and secured. This was suitable for cold or windy weather, especially when riding.
• F) when the chaperon needed to be removed, in warm weather, or in the presence of a person much higher in rank (and, usually, in church) it could be put over the shoulder with the patte and cornette hanging on opposite sides, or round the shoulders. Which came forward and which went back varies considerably, but more often the bourrelet went behind. Possibly the chaperon was secured to the shoulder, as the assemblage often looks rather precarious. Donor figures in religious paintings always wear their chaperons in this way, as they are figuratively in the presence of the saints or the Madonna.

The height of fashion

Miniature by Rogier van der Weyden (1447-8). Philip the Good of Burgundy and courtiers

The only surviving manuscript miniature by Rogier van der Weyden shows Philip the Good, dressed to kill, wearing a chaperon in style B. Next to him stands Chancellor Nicolas Rolin, using a less exuberant version of style B; only he has sufficient status to wear his chaperon indoors in the Duke's presence. Apart from the Bishop of Tournai, next to Rolin, all the other men are bare-headed, even Phillip's young heir, despite the fact that several of them are high-ranking intimates who, like the Duke, wear the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece. But as far as can be seen, all have hats. The man in grey seems to be carrying another sort of hat, but all the other ones visible are chaperons worn in style F, mostly with the cornettes to the front. The young Charles the Bold has his patte wrapped round the back of his neck, and the man on the extreme right has his bourrelet further than usual down his back, with the patte hanging down from it. Most of the chaperons are black, although the man in blue has one in salmon-pink; black was having one of its earliest periods of being the most fashionable colour at the time.^[3] Image File history File links Van_der_weyden_miniature. ... Image File history File links Van_der_weyden_miniature. ... Deposition by Roger van der Weyden (c. ... Deposition by Roger van der Weyden (c. ... Tournai (in Dutch: Doornik in Latin: Tornacum) is a municipality located 85 kilometres southwest of Brussels, on the river Scheldt (in French: Escaut, in Dutch: Schelde), in the Belgian province of Hainaut. ... Ferdinand I Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, with the collar of the Order The Order of the Golden Fleece (Spanish: Orden del Toisón de Oro) is an order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Isabelle of... Charles the Bold Charles, called the Bold (French: Charles le Téméraire) (November 10, 1433 – 1477) was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477. ...

The chaperon never became quite this dominant in Italy or France; nor does it seem to have been worn as often by grand personages, although this is sometimes the case.[[2]] There is a famous bust of Lorenzo de Medici wearing one, although in this he may be deliberately avoiding ostentatious dress.[3]. They are more characteristic of merchants and lawyers in these countries, for example in the images of Jean Fouquet from the mid-century. In the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and Portugal they were generally less common, & appeared lower down the social scale.^[2] They were apparently never worn by the clergy anywhere. ^[2] The exact same full name was also carried by his grandson Lorenzo (1492 - 1519), Duke of Urbino, with whom he is sometimes confused. ... Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels (c. ... The double-headed eagle The Holy Roman Empire was a mainly Germanic conglomeration of lands in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...

Political chaperons

Chaperons were used in France and Burgundy to denote, by their colour, allegiance to a political faction. The factions themselves were also sometimes known as chaperons. During the captivity in England of King John II of France in 1356, the participants in a popular uprising in Paris against his son, the future Charles V, wore parti-coloured chaperons of red, for Paris, and blue for Navarre as they supported the claim to the French throne of King Charles the Bad of Navarre. In 1379 the ever-difficult citizens of Ghent rose up against Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy wearing white chaperons. White was also worn in factional disturbances in Paris in 1413, by opponents of the Armagnacs, during one of King Charles VI's bouts of madness.^[4] The chaperon was one of the items of male clothing that featured in the charges brought against Joan of Arc at her trial in 1431; apparently a hat rather than a hood, as she was stated to have taken it off in front of the King. John II the Good (French: Jean II le Bon) (April 16, 1319 – April 8, 1364), was King of France 1350–1364, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou and Maine 1332–1350, Count of Poitiers 1344–1350, and Duke of Guienne 1345–1350. ... Charles V the Wise (French: Charles V le Sage) (January 31, 1338 – September 16, 1380) was king of France from 1364 to 1380 and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region ÃŽle-de-France Department Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 86. ... Though the details are largely legendary, the Kingdom of Navarre evolved from the county of Pamplona, its traditional capital, when the Vasconic leader Enneco Aresta (Iñigo Arista or Aiza in Spanish) was chosen King in Pamplona (traditionally in 824) and led a local revolt against the Franks. ... Charles II (1332–1387), called Charles the Bad, was King of Navarre 1349–1387 and Count of Évreux 1343–1387. ... Ghent municipality and district in the province East Flanders Ghent (IPA: ; Gent in Dutch; Gand in French, formerly Gaunt in English) is a city and a municipality located in Flanders, Belgium. ... Philip II, Duke of Burgundy Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, known as the Bold (Philippe II de Bourgogne, le Hardi in French) (January 15, 1342, Pontoise – April 27, 1404, Halle), was the fourth son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne (Judith), daughter of the king and... The Armagnac party was prominant in French politics and warfare during the Hundred Years War. ... Charles VI Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 – 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... Joan of Arc, also known as Jeanne dArc,[1] (c. ...

Christmas chaperons

William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley in his Order of the Garter robes, c 1595, with vestigial bourrelet, the cornette worn as a sort of sash, tucked under a belt, and the patte off to the left. On his head he wears a cap

Apart from portraits, many of the best, and least formal, depictions of the chaperon in art come from paintings of the Nativity and other scenes of the early life of Christ. It is of course always winter, when the chaperon was most likely to be worn. Saint Joseph is especially useful, as it is never part of his depiction to be fashionably dressed, and it is part of his character in the period that he is often shown quite dishevelled (see examples below). The shepherds are the lower-class figures most often shown in a large scale in paintings of the period. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (13 September 1521–4 August 1598), was an English politician, the chief advisor of Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign (17 November 1558–24 March 1603), and Lord High Treasurer from 1572. ... The insignia of a knight of the Order of the Garter. ... For the German DJ/producer team, see Sash!. // A sash consists of a cloth belt used to hold a robe together, and usually tied about the waist. ... Adoration of the Shepherds (1535-40), by Florentine Mannerist painter Agnolo Bronzino The Nativity of Jesus, or simply the Nativity, refers to the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, although it is also used for the birth of Mary, especially in iconography. ... According to Christian Gospel accounts and tradition Joseph of the House of David – also called Joseph the Man and St. ...

Decline

By about 1480 the chaperon was ceasing to be fashionable, but continued to be worn^[2]. The size of the bourrelet was reduced, and the patte undecorated. St Joseph could, by this stage, be seen wearing the evolved form. By 1500 the evolved chaperon was definitely outmoded, but the original hood form still remained a useful headgear for shepherds and peasants. By this time the evolved chaperon had become fixed in some forms of civilian uniforms for lawyers, academics and the members of some knightly orders. In these uses it gradually shrank in size and often became permanently attached to the clothing underneath, effectively just as an ornament. A uniform is a set of standard clothing worn by members of an organisation whilst participating in that organisations activity. ...

Funerary ornaments on horses

In a later related use of the term, the name chaperoon passed to certain little shields, or escutcheons, and other funeral devices, placed on the foreheads of horses that drew the hearses to processional funerals. These were called chaperoons or shafferoons, as they were originally fastened to the chaperonnes, or hoods, worn by those horses with their other coverings of state. A shield is a protective device, meant to intercept attacks. ... The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom displayed an inescutcheon of the arms of Hanover between 1801 and 1837 when the British monarch held the title of King of Hanover. ... For other uses, see Funeral (disambiguation). ... Funeral carriage, Museum of Funeral Customs A hearse is a funeral vehicle, a conveyance for the coffin from e. ...

Gallery

Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, January (detail), c1410. the two courtiers standing behind the table to the left wear elaborately cut and dagged patterned chaperons.	Masaccio, c 1425. The small bourrelet can be seen below the cornette tied on top. The Holy Trinity/ Trinity with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist, and Donors (1425-27/28) - Fresco, Santa Maria Novella, Florence Masaccio (born Tommaso Cassai or in some accounts Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Mone) (December 21, 1401, San Giovanni Valdarmo, Italy – autumn 1428, Rome), was the first great painter...	Probable self-portrait by Jan van Eyck 1433 - the chaperon is worn in style A with just a patch of the bourrelet showing (right of centre) through the cornette wound round it (practical for painting in).[1] The Arnolfini Portrait, painted 1434 Jan van Eyck (c. ...	Leal souvenir by Jan van Eyck 1432. A relatively simple wool chaperon, with bourrelet, and cornette hanging forward.[1] The Arnolfini Portrait, painted 1434 Jan van Eyck (c. ...
detail of Jan van Eyck's Rolin Madonna, c1435 -two citizens wear their pattes behind in style C. The cornette of the one on the left can be seen in front of him. The Arnolfini Portrait, painted 1434 Jan van Eyck (c. ...	The Vision of Saint Eustace by Pisanello, c1440. The dandyish saint wears an especially voluminous chaperon in style A. As with some other hats by Pisanello, the depiction may be rather exaggerated compared to hats worn in reality.[5] Categories: 1911 Britannica | Stub | Italian painters | Gothic painting | 1380 births | 1456 deaths ...	St Francis renounces his father by Sassetta, 1437-44. The father's patte, or possibly cornette, appears to be wound vertically through the bourrelet, which is rather flat. He wears a matching cloak. The companion who restrains him has a chaperon that looks like a turban.	Rogier van der Weyden's Seven Sacraments Altarpiece: Baptism, Confirmation, and Penance, 1445-50. The man on the extreme left gives a clear view of his dagged patte. The father of the baby above him is wearing his in church. The three boys being confirmed also have chaperons. The old man confessing has a cut hood chaperon as well as a hat on the floor. Deposition by Roger van der Weyden (c. ...
Nativity by Rogier van der Weyden, 1446. St Joseph wears a small unevolved chaperon, pulled back off the head. The richly dressed donor has his evolved chaperon hanging behind him, with a large bourrelet and the long cornette trailing on the ground above his feet. Deposition by Roger van der Weyden (c. ...	Donor figure by Petrus Christus c1450 - The chaperon is carried over the shoulder, with the cornette to the front, in style F. Petrus Christus, born 1410/1420 in Antwerpen, dead 1472 in Bruges, flemish painter, active in Bruges from 1444. ...	Nativity by Petrus Christus, c1450. St Joseph carries his purple chaperon in a tangle in his hand, with the cornette vanishing into his other clothes. Petrus Christus, born 1410/1420 in Antwerpen, dead 1472 in Bruges, flemish painter, active in Bruges from 1444. ...	Petrus Christus c1450 - This seems to be not a true chaperon but a hat with a cornette and either a patte or a fitted cap-piece to the rear of the head. Petrus Christus, born 1410/1420 in Antwerpen, dead 1472 in Bruges, flemish painter, active in Bruges from 1444. ...
Miniature by the Master of the Orsini Juvenal 1460. The near courtier has a chaperon over his shoulder as well as a hat. Behind the bed some Eastern princes wear turbans. A Sikh man wearing a turban The turban (Arabic: ‎, ‘imāmä; Turkish: tülbent; Persian: دلبنت, dulband) is a headdress, of Asian origin, consisting of a long scarf wound round the head or an inner hat. ...	Friedrich Herlin, 1462-5. Typically for Germany, the highest status men (with kneelers) have fur (?) hats, whilst the sons with chaperons kneel on the floor.	Presentation at the Temple by the Master of the Prado Annunciation, or Hans Memling, 1470s - St Joseph wears a working-mans chaperon in the original style, whilst the relative at right wears an simple evolved one. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Yosef is a given name originating from Hebrew, recorded in the Hebrew Bible, as יוֹסֵף, Standard Hebrew Yosef, Tiberian Hebrew and Aramaic Yôsēp̄. In Arabic, including in the Quran, the name is spelled يوسف or Yūsuf. ...	another Presentation at the Temple by Hans Memling c1470 - St Joseph now wears an evolved but simple chaperon with a short cornette around his shoulders. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Yosef is a given name originating from Hebrew, recorded in the Hebrew Bible, as יוֹסֵף, Standard Hebrew Yosef, Tiberian Hebrew and Aramaic Yôsēp̄. In Arabic, including in the Quran, the name is spelled يوسف or Yūsuf. ...
German peasant of c1470 with a hat over a hood-style chaperon.	An unusual woman's hat, by Petrus Christus, c 1470, copies the cornette.	Lorenzo de Medici after Verrocchio, later than 1478, wearing a rather simple chaperon. The larger styles are now outdated, plus he is projecting a political message as Pater Patriae. See link below for post-restoration photos. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x1118, 133 KB) Andrea del Verrocchio, Lorenzo de Medici, 1480 From : http://www. ... The exact same full name was also carried by his grandson Lorenzo (1492 - 1519), Duke of Urbino, with whom he is sometimes confused. ... Categories: Artist stubs | 1435 births | 1488 deaths | Italian painters | Italian sculptors ...	Nativity by Hugo van der Goes, 1480 - the figures holding back the curtain wear chaperons with short cornettes. Hugo van der Goes (c. ...
Nativity by Hans Schäufelein, c1507. By now the chaperon is back to being work clothing. St Joseph has his over his shoulder, and all the shepherds have them, with the hood pulled back.	Le Petit Chaperon Rouge by the French painter Fleury François Richard (1777-1852), Louvre. French depictions of the story naturally favour the chaperon over the long riding-hood of ones in English. The Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre) in Paris, France, is the largest, oldest, most important and famous art gallery and museum in the world. ...

References

• National Gallery Catalogues: The Fifteenth Century Italian Paintings, Volume 1, by Dillian Gordon, London, 2003, ISBN 1857092937
• J.O. Hand & M. Wolff, Early Netherlandish Painting, National Gallery of Art, Washington (catalogue) /Cambridge UP,1986, ISBN 0521340160
• Gabriel Bise, The Hunting Book by Gaston Phoebus, Heritage Books, London, ISBN 0946470 545
• Edmond Pognon,Les Trés Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, Liber

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Lorne Campbell, National Gallery Catalogues: The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings, 1998, ISBN 185709171
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} SW Reed, From Chaperones to Chaplets:Aspects of Men’s Headdress 1400–1519, M.S. Thesis, 1992, University of Maryland, available online -NB Headgear Reed categorises as Hoods, Chaperones, & (some) Sack Hats are all covered by this article
3. ^ T Kren & S McKendrick (eds), Illuminating the Renaissance - The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe, Getty Museum/Royal Academy of Arts, 2003, ISBN 19033973287
4. ^ M-N Bouillet, A Chassang, Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie contenant l'histoire proprement dite, la biographie universelle, la mythologie, la géographie ancienne et moderne, Hachette, Paris, 1878
5. ^ L Syson & Dillian Gordon, "Pisanello, Painter to the Renaissance Court",2001, National Gallery Company, London, ISBN 185709946X 525081

External links

• History of the chaperon, with simple diagrams
• Chaperon section of 1929 book by Adrien Harmond - in French, with many pictures and reconstructed cutting patterns
• CORSAIR database from the Morgan Library - search for chaperon gives 25 results from 2 French manuscripts, 1420-35
• Le Livre de Chasse of Gaston Phoebus, c 1400, from Ms Fr 616 from the Biblitheque Nationale, Paris. Feature with many illustrations, texts in French.
• Another stylish chaperon by Pisanello, from a medal in the NGA, Washington
• The NGA bust of Lorenzo de Medici, after restoration
• SW Reed, From Chaperones to Chaplets:Aspects of Men’s Headdress 1400–1519, M.S. Thesis, 1992, University of Maryland -NB Headgear Reed categorises as Hoods, Chaperones, & (some) Sack Hats are all covered by this article.
• 15th and early 16th Century Headress: A Literature Review -updated (1997) section from SR Reed thesis above

This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain. (funerary section at end only) Categories: 1911 Britannica | Stub | Italian painters | Gothic painting | 1380 births | 1456 deaths ... Table of Trigonometry, 1728 Cyclopaedia Cyclopaedia, or, A Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (folio, 2 vols. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...