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Encyclopedia > Charles Edouard Guillaume
Charles Guillaume
Pastel portrait of Charles Édouard Guillaume in 1922, by L.-C Breslau.
Pastel portrait of Charles Édouard Guillaume in 1922, by L.-C Breslau.
Born February 15, 1861
Fleurier, Switzerland
Died May 13, 1938
Sèvres, France
Residence Switzerland, France
Nationality Swiss
Field Physicist
Institution Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sèvres
Alma mater Zurich Polytechnic
Known for Invar and Elinvar
Notable prizes Nobel Prize (1920)

Charles Édouard Guillaume (February 15, 1861, FleurierJune 13, 1938, Sèvres), was a French-Swiss Physicist that received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys. Image File history File links Charles_Edouard_Guillaume. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Fleurier is a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers, in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Road to Sèvres, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, 1855-1865. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... ... The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures, or BIPM) is a standards organization, one of the three organizations established to maintain the SI system under the terms of the Metre Convention. ... Road to Sèvres, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, 1855-1865. ... The ETH Zurich, often called Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, is a science and technology university in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. ... Invar, also called FeNi36, is an alloy of iron (64%) and nickel (36%) with some carbon and chromium. ... Elinvar is the name of a type of metallic alloy with a modulus of elasticity which does not vary with temperature; the name means elastically invariable. ... Nobel Prize medal. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Fleurier is a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers, in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Road to Sèvres, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, 1855-1865. ... Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Physics (from the Greek, (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the science concerned with the discovery and understanding of the fundamental laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. ...


He discovered alloys which he called "invar" and "elinvar" which were useful in building precision instruments and antimagnetic watches. Anti-magnetic (non-magnetic) watches are those that are able to run with minimal deviation when exposed to a certain magnetic field. ...


Guillaume worked with Kristian Birkeland. He served at the Observatoire de Paris—Section de Meudon. He conducted several experiments with thermostatic measurements at the observatory. He was the first to determine the correct temperature of space. Kristian Birkeland Kristian Birkeland (December 13, 1867 - June 15, 1917) was born in Christiania (Oslo today) and wrote his first scientific paper at the age of 18. ... The Paris Observatory (in French, Observatoire de Paris or Observatoire de Paris-Meudon) is the foremost astronomical observatory of France, and one of the largest astronomical centers in the world. ... In the scientific method, an experiment (Latin: ex-+-periri, of (or from) trying), is a set of actions and observations, performed in the context of solving a particular problem or question, to support or falsify a hypothesis or research concerning phenomena. ... MolÄ—tai Astronomical Observatory An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial and/or celestial events. ...


He married A.M. Taufflieb (m. 1888) and they had three children.


Published works

  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La Température de L'Espace", La Nature, volume 24, 1896.
    • [tr. Temperature of Space]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Études thermométriques". 1886.
    • [tr. Studies on Thermometry]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Traité de thermométrie". 1889.
    • [tr. Treatise on Thermometry]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Unités et Étalons". 1894.
    • [tr. Units and Standards]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les rayons X". 1896.
    • [tr. X-Rays]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Recherches sur le nickel et ses alliages". 1898.
    • [tr. Investigations on Nickel and its Alloys]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La vie de la matière". 1899.
    • [tr. The Life of Matter]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La Convention du Mètre et le Bureau international des Poids et Mesures". 1902.
    • [tr. Metrical Convention and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les applications des aciers au nickel". 1904.
    • [tr. Applications of Nickel-Steels]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Des états de la matière". 1907.
    • [tr. States of Matter]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les récents progrès du système métrique". 1907, 1913.
    • [tr. Recent progress in the Metric System]
  • Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Initiation à la Mécanique".
    • [tr. Introduction to Mechanics]

External links and references

  • Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, " Charles-Edouard Guillaume – Biography". Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
  • lanl.gov, "History". Pioneers in the development of the Plasma Universe.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Charles Edouard Guillaume - definition of Charles Edouard Guillaume in Encyclopedia (204 words)
Charles Edouard Guillaume (February 15 1861 – May 13 1938) received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys.
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Recherches sur le nickel et ses alliages".
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les récents progrès du système métrique".
Encyclopedia: Charles Edouard Guillaume (712 words)
Guillaume worked with Kristian Birkeland (December 13, 1867 - June 15, 1917) was born in Christiania (Oslo today) and wrote his first scientific paper at the age of 18.
He organized several expeditions to Norways high-latitude regions where he established a network of observatories under the auroral regions to collect magnetic field...
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La Température de L'Espace (http://public.lanl.gov/alp/plasma/people/history.html)", La Nature, volume 24, 1896.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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