NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Charles Edward Stuart

Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788), known in Scots Gaelic as Teàrlach Eideard Stiùbhairt, was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and is now commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. bonnie prince charlie, painted 1739-1745, showing tartan jacket, star and ribbon of the garter, white cockade on hat This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart, the Old Pretender, (10 June 1688 â€“ 1 January 1766) was the son of the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scots, and as such laid claim to the English and Scottish thrones (as... Henry Benedict Cardinal Stuart (March 11, 1725 â€“ July 13, 1807) was the fourth and last Jacobite to publicly claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, Countess of Albany (1753-1824) wife of English pretender, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, a dissolute man. ... Charlotte Stuart by Hugh Hamilton Scottish National Portrait Gallery Charlotte Stuart, styled Duchess of Albany,[1] (October 1753â€“November 17, 1789) was the illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie), his only known child to survive infancy. ... A Royal House or Dynasty is a sort of family name used by royalty. ... The Coat of Arms of King James I, the first British monarch of the House of Stuart The House of Stuart or Stewart was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart, the Old Pretender, (10 June 1688 â€“ 1 January 1766) was the son of the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scots, and as such laid claim to the English and Scottish thrones (as... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Consorts James Francis Edward Stuart Children with James Francis Edward Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie Stuart Henry Benedict Stuart Date of Birth July 18, 1702 Place of Birth ? Date of Death January 18, 1735 Place of Death... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... The Palazzo Muti should not be confused with the Palazzo Muti Papazzurri in the Piazza della Pilotta which was designed by Mattia de Rossi in 1660. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Palazzo Muti should not be confused with the Palazzo Muti Papazzurri in the Piazza della Pilotta which was designed by Mattia de Rossi in 1660. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... This article is about the famous building in Rome. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ...

Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart who was in turn the son of James II and VII, who had been deposed in the Revolution of 1688. The Jacobite movement tried to restore the family to the throne. Charles' mother was James' Polish wife, Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702–1735, granddaughter of the Polish King, John III Sobieski). After his father's death Charles was recognised as Charles III by his supporters; his opponents referred to him as The Young Pretender. James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart, the Old Pretender, (10 June 1688 â€“ 1 January 1766) was the son of the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scots, and as such laid claim to the English and Scottish thrones (as... James II (14 October 1633 â€“ 16 September 1701)[1] became King of England, King of Scots,[2] and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685. ... The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689), also known as the bloodless revolution, is an event in which the Stuart king James II (James VII of Scotland) was removed from his thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland, and replaced by William of the House of Orange and his wife and joint sovereign... Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Consorts James Francis Edward Stuart Children with James Francis Edward Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie Stuart Henry Benedict Stuart Date of Birth July 18, 1702 Place of Birth ? Date of Death January 18, 1735 Place of Death... For other monarchs with similar names, please see John of Poland. ...

Early life

Charles was born in Rome, Italy, where his father had been given a residence by Pope Clement XI. He spent almost all of his childhood in Rome and Bologna. In 1734 he participated in the French and Spanish siege of Gaeta; this was his first exposure to a military battle. For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Clement XI, nÃ© Giovanni Francesco Albani (July 23, 1649 â€“ March 19, 1721) was pope from 1700 to 1721. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... For the food product, see Bologna sausage. ... Combatants Spain France Austria Commanders Charles, Duke of Parma Unknown Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The Siege of Gaeta was a battle of the War of Polish Succession. ...

The 'Forty-Five'

In December 1743, Charles' father named him Prince Regent, giving him full authority to act in his name. Eighteen months later he led a rising to restore his father to his thrones. Charles raised funds to fit out two ships; the Elisabeth, an old man-of-war of sixty-six guns and a small frigate of sixteen guns named the Doutelle (le Du Teillay) which successfully landed him with seven companions at Eriskay on July 23, 1745. Charles had hoped for support from a French fleet, but this was badly damaged by storms, and he was left to raise an army in Scotland. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. ... Not to be confused with Eriska. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 â€“ Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected...

The Jacobite cause was still supported by many Highland clans, both Catholic and Protestant, and the Catholic Charles hoped for a warm welcome from these clans to start an insurgency by Jacobites throughout Britain, but there was no immediate response. Charles raised his father's standard at Glenfinnan and there raised a large enough force to enable him to march on the city of Edinburgh, which quickly surrendered. On 21 September 1745 he defeated the only government army in Scotland at the Battle of Prestonpans, and by November was marching south at the head of around 6,000 men. Having taken Carlisle, Charles' army progressed as far as Derby. Here, despite the objections of the Prince, the decision was taken by his council to return to Scotland, largely because of the almost complete lack of the support from English Jacobites that Charles had promised. By now he was pursued by the King George II's son, the Duke of Cumberland, who caught up with him at the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x780, 55 KB) Summary Bonnie Prince Charlie statue located at Cathedral Green in Derby. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x780, 55 KB) Summary Bonnie Prince Charlie statue located at Cathedral Green in Derby. ... Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. ... Lowland-Highland divide Highland Sign with welcome in English and Gaelic The Scottish Highlands (A GhÃ idhealtachd in Gaelic) include the rugged and mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ... Clan map of Scotland Scottish clans (from Old Gaelic clann, children), give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in Scotland and to their relations throughout the world, with a formal structure of Clan Chiefs officially registered with the court of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms which... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Memorial to the Jacobites, at Glenfinnan, Lochaber. ... For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 â€“ Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders John Cope Charles Edward Stuart Strength ca. ... For other uses, see Carlisle (disambiguation). ... Derby (pronounced dar-bee ) is a city in the East Midlands of England. ... George II (George Augustus; 10 November 1683 â€“ 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-LÃ¼neburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (April 15, 1721–October 31, 1765), a younger son of King George II of Great Britain and Queen Caroline, was a noted military leader. ... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength 8,000 ca. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ...

Ignoring the advice of his best commander, Lord George Murray, Charles chose to fight on flat, open, marshy ground where his forces would be exposed to superior British firepower. Charles commanded his army from a position behind his lines, where he could not see what was happening. Hoping that Cumberland's army would attack first, he had his men stand exposed to Hanoverian artillery for twenty minutes before finally ordering an attack. The Jacobite attack, charging into the teeth of murderous musket fire and grapeshot fired from the cannons, was uncoordinated and met little success. Only in one place did a group of Jacobites break through the bayonets of the redcoats, but they were shot down by a second line of soldiers, and the survivors fled. Cumberland's troops committed numerous atrocities as they hunted for the defeated Jacobite soldiers, earning him the title "the Butcher" from the Highlanders. Lord Murray managed to lead a group of Jacobites to Ruthven, intending to continue the fight. However Charles, believing himself betrayed, had decided to abandon the Jacobite cause. Grapeshot was a kind of anti-personnel ammunition used in cannons. ...

Bonnie Prince Charlie's subsequent flight has become the stuff of legend, and is commemorated in the popular folk song "The Skye Boat Song" (lyrics 1884, tune traditional) and also the old Irish song Bímse Buan ar Buairt Gach Ló by Seán Clárach. Assisted by loyal supporters such as Flora MacDonald who helped him escape pursuers on the Isle of Skye by taking him in a small boat disguised as her Irish maid, "Betty Burke",^[2]^[3] he evaded capture and left the country aboard the French frigate L'Heureux, arriving back in France in September. The cause of the Stuarts being lost, the remainder of his life was — with a brief exception — spent in exile. The Skye Boat Song has become a traditional Scottish song recalling the escape of the young pretender Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) after his defeat at Culloden in 1746: he escaped from Uist to the Isle of Skye in a small boat with the aid of Flora Macdonald. ... Flora MacDonald (Gaelic: Fionnghal MacDonald) (1722 â€“ March 4, 1790), Jacobite heroine, was the daughter of Ranald MacDonald of Milton on the island of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, and his wife Marion, the daughter of Angus MacDonald. ... Map of the Hebrides. ...

Exile

Walkinshaw]] (later known as Countess von Alberstrof). Charles also gave Charlotte the title "Duchess of Albany" in the peerage of Scotland and the style "Her Royal Highness". But these honours did not give Charlotte any right to the succession to the throne. Charlotte lived with her father at Florence and Rome for the next five years.

Charles died in Rome on 31 January 1788. He was first buried in the Cathedral of Frascati, where his brother Henry Benedict Stuart was bishop. At Henry's death in 1807, Charles's remains were moved to the crypt of Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican where they were laid to rest next to those of his brother and father. When the body of Charles Stuart was transferred to the Saint Peter's Basilica, his "praecordia" were left in Frascati Cathedral: a small urn encloses the heart of Charles, placed beneath the floor below the funerary monument. is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Henry Benedict Cardinal Stuart (March 11, 1725 â€“ July 13, 1807) was the fourth and last Jacobite to publicly claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... Interior view, with the nave of the Cattedra in the back St. ... Interior view, with the nave of the Cattedra in the back St. ... St. ...

Ancestors

James VI and I (19 June 1566 â€“ 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary... Charles I (19 November 1600 â€“ 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... Anna of Denmark (October 14, 1574 â€“ March 4, 1619) was queen consort of King James I of England and VI of Scotland. ... James II (14 October 1633 â€“ 16 September 1701)[1] became King of England, King of Scots,[2] and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685. ... Henry IV of France, also Henry III of Navarre (13 December 1553 â€“ 14 May 1610), ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. ... Queen Henrietta Maria (November 25, 1609 â€“ September 10, 1669) was Queen Consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (June 13, 1625 - January 30, 1649) through her marriage to Charles I. The U.S. state of Maryland (in Latin, Terra Mariae) was so named in her honour by CÃ¦cilius Calvert, son... Portrait of Marie de Medici. ... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart, the Old Pretender, (10 June 1688 â€“ 1 January 1766) was the son of the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scots, and as such laid claim to the English and Scottish thrones (as... Francesco I dEste. ... Alfonso IV dEste, by Justus Sustermans Alfonso IV dEste (1634 - July 16, 1662) was Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1658 until his death. ... Mary of Modena (October 5, 1658 – May 7, 1718) was the queen consort of King James II of England. ... Laura Martinozzi (May 27, 1639 in Fano-July 19, 1687 in Rome) was one of the Mazarinettes - the seven nieces Cardinal Mazarin brought to France from Italy so that he might arrange advantageous marriages for them. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Marek Sobieski Maria Snopkowska Consorts Marianna Wisniowiecka Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Children with Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Marek Sobieski Jan III Sobieski Katarzyna Sobieska Date of Birth May 5, 1590 Place of Birth Zółkiew Date of Death June... For other monarchs with similar names, please see John of Poland. ... Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Children with Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Maria Leopoldyna Sobieska Maria Kazimiera Sobieska Maria Karolina Sobieska Jan Sobieski Maria Klementyna Sobieska Maria Magdalena Sobieska Date of Birth November 2, 1667 Place of Birth Paris... Henri Albert de La Grange dArquien (September 8, 1602 - May 24, 1707) was born in Calais, France, the son of Antoine de La Grange dArquien, governor of Calais, and Anne dAncienville. ... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Consorts James Francis Edward Stuart Children with James Francis Edward Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie Stuart Henry Benedict Stuart Date of Birth July 18, 1702 Place of Birth ? Date of Death January 18, 1735 Place of Death... Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg on a Engraving by Lucas Vorsterman. ... Philip William (German: ) of Neuburg, Elector Palatine (24 November 1615 â€“ 2 September 1690), was Count Palatine of Neuburg from 1653 to 1690, Duke of JÃ¼lich and Berg from 1653 to 1679 and Elector of the Palatinate from 1685 to 1690. ... Magdalene of Bavaria, born 1587, died 1628. ... Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia of Neuburg (18 July 1673-10 August 1722) was the daughter of Philip William, Duke of Neuburg, Berg and JÃ¼lich, Elector Palatine of Neuburg, and his wife Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie Magdalena of Hesse-Darmstadt. ... George II (German Georg), Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (March 1605 in Darmstadt; â€ 11. ... Elisabeth Amalie von Hessen-Darmstadt (Giessen, March 20, 1635 â€“ Neuburg an der Donau, August 4, 1709) was a princess of Hesse-Darmstadt and wife of the Prince-elector of the Palatinate. ... Sophia Eleonore of Saxony (Dresden, November 23, 1609 - Darmstadt, June 2, 1671) was the wife of George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt She was a daughter of John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia, a daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia. ...

Contents

Early life

The 'Forty-Five'

Exile

Ancestors

See also

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

Contents

Early life GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

The 'Forty-Five'

Exile

Ancestors

See also

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

Early life