Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (German Karl; 30 October 1804, Brunswick – 18 August 1873, Geneva), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruled the Duchy of Brunswick from 1815 until 1830. October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Braunschweig may also refer to the administrative region of Germany. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Charles was the eldest son of Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. After the death of his father in 1815, Charles inherited the Duchy, but since he was still underage, he was put under the guardianship of George, the Prince Regent of the United Kingdom and Hanover. When Charles neared his 18th birthday, a dispute over the date of his majority erupted; Charles claimed majority at age 18, while George considered the age of majority to be 21 years. A compromise was made, and Charles reached his majority at age 19, and took over government on 30 October 1823. Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Oels, called The Black Duke (born October 9, 1771 in Braunschweig, Germany; died June 16, 1815 near Quatre-Bras, Belgium in battle) was the son of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand. ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... George IV (George Augustus Frederick) (12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1827, Charles declared some of the laws made during his minority for invalid, which caused a dispute with Hanover. The German Confederation finally had to intervene in this conflict and ordered Charles to accept all the laws from his minority, which he did. Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... -1... The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806. ...

Charles' administration was considered corrupt and misguided. When in 1830 the July Revolution broke out, Charles happened to be in Paris; he fled home to Brunswick, where he announced to forcibly suppress all revolutionary tendencies. But on 6 September, he was attacked by stone throwers while riding home from the theater; on the next day, a large mob tried to break into the palace. Charles fled; the palace was completely destroyed. When Charles' brother, William, arrived in Brunswick on 10 September, he was received joyfully by the people. William originally considered himself only his brother's regent, but after a year declared himself ruling duke. Charles made several desperate attempts to depose his brother by diplomacy and by force, but they were unsuccessful. None of the other European monarchs wanted to support Charles. Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... William (German Wilhelm; 25 April 1806, Brunswick – 18 October 1884, Sibyllenort), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was ruling duke of the Duchy of Brunswick from 1830 until his death. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ...

Charles spent the rest of his life outside of Germany; mostly in Paris and London. After the war between France and Germany broke out, he moved to Geneva, where he died in 1873. He left his considerable wealth to the City of Geneva. Charles never married. City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region ÃŽle-de-France Department Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 86. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with south German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III Helmuth von Moltke Strength 500,000[] 550,000[] Casualties 150,000 dead or wounded 284,000 captured 350,000 civilian [] 100,000 dead or wounded 200,000 civilian [] The Franco-Prussian War... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ...

See also

• Opera game

The Opera Game was a famous chess game played in 1858 between the American chess master Paul Morphy and two strong amateurs, the German noble Karl, Duke of Brunswick and the French aristocrat Count Isouard, who consulted, playing together as partners against Morphy. ...

References

• Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 15, p. 281-285