Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc (Pontoise Val-d'Oise, France, March 17, 1772 - Saint Domingue, November 2, 1802) was a French general and a companion of Napoleon I of France. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Pontoise is a suburban commune of the Val-dOise département, in suburban Paris in France. ... Val-dOise is a French département named after the Oise River, located in the ÃŽle-de-France région. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Saint-Domingue was a French colony from 1697 to 1804 that is today the independent nation of Haiti. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... --69. ... Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from...

Leclerc started his military career as a volunteer in the French Revolution and within two years had risen to a post of divisional chief of staff at the siege of Toulon. Following the revolutionary success there, he campaigned along the Rhine. He began serving under Napoleon Bonaparte in the Italian campaign and fought at Castiglione della Pescaia and Rivoli. The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... Panorama of Toulon area Satellite view Coat of Arms of Toulon view of Toulon harbour around 1750, by Joseph Vernet. ... The Rhine (German: ; Dutch: ; French: ; Italian: ; Romansh: ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe at 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second. ... Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Castiglione della Pescaia is a seaside town built upon a hill. ... This article is about the town near Turin, Italy. ...

In 1797, the newly promoted General de Brigade Leclerc married Napoleon's younger sister Pauline Bonaparte, with whom he had a child. Pauline Bonaparte, Princess and Duchess of Guastalla (October 20, 1780- June 9, 1825) (she spelled the named Buonaparte) was the younger sister of Napoleon I of France, and was his favorite sister. ...

After serving in the second unsuccessful French Army military expedition to Ireland led by Jean Joseph Amable Humbert in 1798, Leclerc gained the promotion to general de division, which allowed him to aide Napoleon Bonaparte's bid for power. He participated in the coup d'etat of 18 Brumaire (in November 1799) making Napoleon First Consul of France. More military campaigns followed on the Rhine and in Portugal and then in 1802 his brother-in-law appointed him commander of the expedition to re-establish control over the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now Haïti, where the black general Toussaint L'Ouverture had mastered a virtually autonomous state. General Jean Joseph Amable Humbert (August 22, 1755—January 3, 1823) was a French soldier, a participant in the French Revolution, who led a failed invasion of Ireland to assist Irish rebels in 1798. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Napoléon Bonaparte in the coup détat of 18 brumaire. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A title used by Napoleon Bonaparte following his seizure of power in France. ... --69. ... Saint-Domingue was a French colony from 1697 to 1804 that is today the independent nation of Haiti. ... Haiti is a country situated on the western third of the island of Hispaniola and the smaller islands of La Gonâve, La Tortue (Tortuga), Grande Caye, and Ile a Vache in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba; the Dominican Republic shares Hispaniola with Haiti. ... François-Dominique Toussaint LOuverture François-Dominique Toussaint LOuverture, also Toussaint Bréda, Toussaint-Louverture (c. ...

With a large expedition that eventually included 40,000 European troops, the French won several victories after severe fighting. Acting on Napoleon's surreptitious instructions, Leclerc tricked and seized L'Ouverture during a meeting and deported him to France where he died while imprisoned at Fort-de-Joux in the Jura mountains in 1803. Fort-de-Joux is located at Jura, France commands the mountain pass cluse de Pontarlier(1,2). ... Looking towards Lelex from near to Crêt de la Neige The Jura folds are located north of the main Alpine orogenic front and are being continually deformed, accommodating the northwards compression from Alpine folding. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

This treacherous act swung the tide inexorably against French hopes. Native insurgents began to fight the French, who were weakened by an epidemic of yellow fever. Leclerc's reports to France about his counter-insurgency campaign included such statements as, "Since terror is the sole resource left me, I employ it" and, "We must destroy all the mountain negroes, men and women, sparing only children under twelve years of age. We must destroy half the negroes of the plains..." (From C.L.R. James 'The Black Jacobins') Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901–19 May 1989) was a journalist, and a prominent socialist theorist and writer. ...

Leclerc died of yellow fever in November 1802. He was succeeded in command by General Rochambeau, whose brutal racial warfare only succeeded in drawing more people to the rebel armies, including black and mulatto army officers like Jean Jacques Dessalines, Alexandre Pétion and Henri Christophe. Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau (1755 – October 16, 1813), French soldier. ... Dame Kelly Holmes is half Black (Jamaican) and half White (English). ... Jean-Jacques Dessalines (September 20, 1758 - October 17, 1806) was a leader of the Haitian slave rebellion and an Emperor of Haiti (1804 - 1806 under the name of Jacques I). ... Alexandre Sabès Pétion (April 2, 1770 – March 29, 1818) was President of the southern Republic of Haiti from 1806 until his death. ... Portrait as King Henry I. Henri Christophe (October 6, 1767 – October 8, 1820) was a career officer and general in the Haïtian Army. ...

On November 18, 1803, Rochambeau's forces were defeated in the Battle of Vertières. Dessalines proclaimed the independence of Haïti on January 1, 1804. November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Vertières, the last major battle of the Haitian Revolution (or Haitian War of Independence) was fought between Haitian rebels and French expeditionary forces on November 18, 1803 at Vertières. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Bibliography

• The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution by C.L.R. James (1938)

Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901–19 May 1989) was a journalist, and a prominent socialist theorist and writer. ...

External links

• The Louverture Project: Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc
• Bob Corbett's Haiti Page – Online collection of resources on the revolution in Haiti. See especially links to the Haiti Mailing List and Corbett’s essays on the revolutionary period.