Charles Milles Manson (b. November 12, 1934) is a convict who led the "Manson Family," a quasi-commune that began in the U.S. city of San Francisco and soon relocated to Los Angeles.^[1][2][3] He was found guilty of conspiracy to commit the Tate-LaBianca murders, which members of the group carried out at his instruction. Through the joint-responsibility rule of conspiracy,^[4] he was convicted of the murders themselves. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cincinnati redirects here. ... Mary Brunner in a 1969 mugshot. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Commune is a kind of intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property. ... San Francisco redirects here. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between natural persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement. ...

Manson is forever associated with "Helter Skelter," an imagined racial cataclysm that he convinced his followers was impending and that the crimes were intended to precipitate. This conception's connection with rock music linked him, from the beginning of his notoriety, with pop culture, in which he has become a symbol of transgression, rebelliousness, evilness, ghoulishness, bloody violence, homicidal psychosis, and the macabre. // The murders perpetrated by Charles Manson and members of his Family were inspired in part by Mansons prediction of Helter Skelter, an apocalyptic war he believed would arise from tension over racial relations between blacks and whites. ... For other uses, see Rock music (disambiguation). ... Popular culture, or pop culture, is the vernacular (peoples) culture that prevails in a modern society. ... For other uses, see Macabre (disambiguation). ...

At the time the Family began to form, Manson was an unemployed ex-convict, who had spent half his life in correctional institutions for a variety of offenses. In the subsequent period before the murders, he situated himself on the periphery of the Los Angeles music industry, chiefly through a chance association with Beach Boy Dennis Wilson. After Manson was charged with the crimes, recordings of songs written and performed by him were released commercially; a number of artists have covered his songs in the decades since. Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Manson's death sentence was automatically reduced to life imprisonment when a decision by the Supreme Court of California temporarily eliminated the death penalty in that state.^[5] California's eventual reestablishment of capital punishment did not affect Manson, who is an inmate at Corcoran State Prison. Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime, nominally for the entire remaining life of the prisoner, but in fact for a period which varies between jurisdictions: many countries have a maximum possible period of time (usually 50 years) a prisoner may be incarcerated, or require the... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... California State Prison, Corcoran is a state penitentiary in Corcoran, Kings County, California. ...

Early life

Childhood

First known as "no name Maddox,"^[6][7][8] Manson was born to the unmarried Kathleen Maddox in Cincinnati General Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio; no more than three weeks after his birth, he was Charles Milles Maddox.^[6][9][10] For a period, after her son's birth, Kathleen Maddox was married to a laborer named William Manson,^[10] whose last name the boy was given. Charles Manson's biological father appears to have been a "Colonel Scott," against whom Maddox filed a bastardy suit that resulted in an agreed judgment in 1937.^[6] Possibly, Charles never really knew him.^[6][8] Cincinnati redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Illegitimacy was a term in common usage for the condition of being born of parents who are not validly married to one another; the legal term is bastardy. ... A stipulated judgment is a judgment which both sides agree to have entered. ...

Young Manson's mother, allegedly a drinker,^[6] once sold him for a pitcher of beer to a childless waitress, from whom his uncle retrieved him some days later.^[7] When his mother and her brother were sentenced to five years imprisonment for robbing a service station in 1939, Manson was placed in the West Virginia home of an aunt and uncle who were very religious. Upon his mother's 1942 parole, Manson was returned to his mother and lived with her in run-down hotel rooms.^[6]

In 1947, Kathleen Maddox tried to have her son placed in a foster home but failed because no such home was available.^[6] The court placed Manson in Gibault School for Boys, Terre Haute, Indiana. After ten months, he fled from there to his mother, who rejected him.^[6] Foster care is a system by which a certified, stand-in parent(s) cares for minor children or young people who have been removed from their biological parents or other custodial adults by state authority. ... Terre Haute (IPA: ) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana near the states western border with Illinois. ... For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...

First offenses

By burglarizing a grocery store, Manson obtained cash that enabled him to rent a room.^[6] A string of burglaries of other stores, from one of which he stole a bicycle, ended when he was caught in the act and sent to an Indianapolis juvenile center. His escape after one day led to his recapture and his placement in Boys Town, from which he escaped with another boy four days after his arrival. The pair committed two armed robberies on their way to the home of the other boy's uncle.^[11] A view of Girls and Boys Town Girls and Boys Town (formerly Boys Town) is a non-profit organization dedicated to the care of at-risk children. ...

Caught during the second of two subsequent break-ins of grocery stores, Manson was sent to the Indiana School for Boys at age thirteen. After many failed attempts, he escaped with two other boys in 1951. In Utah, having burglarized gas stations all along the way, the three were caught driving to California in cars they had stolen. For the federal crime of taking a stolen car across a state line, Manson was sent to the Washington, D.C., National Training School for Boys. Despite four years of schooling and an average IQ of 109 (later tested at 121),^[11] he was illiterate. A caseworker concluded he was aggressively antisocial.^[11] This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... IQ redirects here; for other uses of that term, see IQ (disambiguation). ... A caseworker is a person who is employed by a government agency or a private organisation to take on an individuals case and provide them advocacy, information or other services. ... Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a personality disorder which is often characterised by antisocial and impulsive behaviour. ...

First imprisonment

Less than a month before a scheduled February 1952 parole hearing at Natural Bridge Honor Camp, a minimum security institution to which he had been transferred the previous October on a psychiatrist's recommendation, Manson "took a razor blade and held it against another boy's throat while he sodomized him."^[11][7] He was transferred to the Federal Reformatory, Petersburg, Virginia, where he was considered "dangerous."^[11] In September 1952, a number of other serious disciplinary offenses resulted in Manson's transfer to the Federal Reformatory at Chillicothe, Ohio, a more secure institution.^[11] Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio Coordinates: , Country United States State Ohio Counties Ross Government  - Mayor Joseph P. Sulzer (D) Area  - City 9. ...

About a month after the transfer, Manson became almost a model resident. Good work habits and a rise in his educational level from the lower fourth to the upper seventh grade won him a May 1954 parole.^[11] It has been suggested that Medical parole be merged into this article or section. ...

After temporarily honoring a parole condition that he live with his aunt and uncle in West Virginia, Manson moved in with his mother in that same state. In January 1955, he married Rosalie Jean Willis, a hospital waitress, whom he supported via smalltime jobs and stealing cars. Around October, about three months after he and his pregnant wife arrived in Los Angeles in a car he had stolen in Ohio, he was again charged with a federal crime; after a psychiatric evaluation, he was given five years' probation. His subsequent failure to appear at a Los Angeles hearing on an identical charge filed in Florida resulted in his March 1956 arrest in Indianapolis. His probation was revoked; he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment at Terminal Island, San Pedro, California.^[11] Motor vehicle theft is a crime of theft. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island (FCI Terminal Island) is a medium-security prison for both men and women (separate facilities) located on Reservation Point on Terminal Island in Los Angeles. ... San Pedro is a community within Los Angeles, California, annexed in 1909 and a major seaport of the area. ...

Charles Manson Jr., Manson's son by Rosalie, was born while Manson was in prison. During his first year at Terminal Island, Manson received visits from his wife and mother, who were now living together in Los Angeles; but in March 1957, when the visits from his wife ceased, his mother informed him Rosalie was living with another man. Caught trying to escape by stealing a car less than two weeks before a scheduled parole hearing, Manson was given five years' probation; his parole was denied.^[11]

Second imprisonment

Manson received five years parole in September 1958, the same year in which Rosalie received a decree of divorce. By November, he was pimping a sixteen-year-old girl and was receiving additional support from a girl with wealthy parents. Pleading guilty in September 1959 to a charge of attempting to cash a forged U.S. Treasury check, he received a ten-year suspended sentence and probation after a young woman with an arrest record for prostitution tearfully told the court she and Manson were in love and would marry if Manson were freed.^[11] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A suspended sentence is a legal construct. ...

After Manson took that same woman and another girl from California to New Mexico for purposes of prostitution before the year's end, he was held and questioned for violation of the Mann Act. Though he was released, he evidently suspected, rightly, that the investigation had not ended. When he disappeared, in violation of his probation, a bench warrant was issued; an April 1960 indictment for violation of the Mann Act followed.^[11] Arrested in Laredo, Texas, in June, when one of his girls was arrested for prostitution, Manson was returned to Los Angeles. For violation of his probation on the check-cashing charge, he was ordered to serve his ten-year sentence.^[11] The United States White-Slave Traffic Act of 1910 prohibited so-called white slavery. ... A bench warrant is a variant of an arrest warrant which authorizes the immediate arrest on sight of the individual in question who is in contempt of court possibly for failing to appear at the appointed time and date for a scheduled court appearance. ...

In July 1961, after a year spent unsuccessfully appealing the revocation of his probation, Manson was transferred from the Los Angeles County Jail to the United States Penitentiary at McNeil Island, Washington. Although the Mann Act charge had been dropped, the attempt to cash the Treasury check was still a federal offense. His September 1961 annual review noted he had a "tremendous drive to call attention to himself," an observation echoed in September 1964.^[11] McNeil Island is an island in Puget Sound, located just west of Steilacoom, Washington at 47°1242 North, 122°4114 West3. ...

In June 1966, Manson was sent, for the second time in his life, to Terminal Island, in preparation for early release. On March 21, 1967, his release day, he had spent less than half of his thirty-two years outside of institutions.^[11] Telling the authorities that prison had become his home, he requested, unsuccessfully, that he be permitted to stay,^[11] a fact touched on in a 1981 television interview: Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island (FCI Terminal Island) is a medium-security prison for both men and women (separate facilities) located on Reservation Point on Terminal Island in Los Angeles. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ...

Tom Snyder: Let's go back to 1967, the time you were winding up serving a term of a number of years, ten years, and written accounts indicate that you told the authorities, "Don't let me out, I can't cope with the outside world". Do you have a recollection of that? And do you --

Manson: You're making a desperate plea out of something, man. There's no desperate plea out of it. I said I can't handle the maniacs outside, let me back in.

Snyder: I didn't use the word desperate; that's your word, Charles.

Manson: Yeah, well, your inflection and your voice tones were, uh, implications there.^[12]

This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Rise of the Family

On his release day, Manson requested and was granted permission to move to San Francisco, where, with the help of a prison acquaintance, he obtained an apartment in Berkeley. In prison, he had been taught to play steel guitar by 1930s bank robber Alvin Karpis;^[11][13][7] now, living mostly by panhandling, he soon got to know Mary Brunner, a twenty-three-year-old University of Wisconsin-Madison graduate working as an assistant librarian at UC Berkeley. After moving in with her, he overcame her resistance to his bringing other women in to live with them. Before long, they were sharing Brunner's residence with eighteen other women.^[14] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Beggars in Samarkand, 1905 Begging includes the various methods used by persons to obtain money, food, shelter, or other necessities from people they encounter during the course of their travels. ... Mary Brunner in a 1969 mugshot. ... University of Wisconsin redirects here. ... The University of California, Berkeley (also known as Cal, UC Berkeley, UCB, or simply Berkeley) is a prestigious, public, coeducational university situated in the foothills of Berkeley, California to the east of San Francisco Bay, overlooking the Golden Gate and its bridge. ...

Manson also established himself as a guru in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury, which, during 1967's Summer of Love, was emerging as the signature hippie locale. He soon had his first group of young followers, most of them female.^[11] For other uses, see Guru (disambiguation). ... Categories: US geography stubs | San Francisco neighborhoods ... The Summer of Love was the summer of 1967, particularly in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, where thousands of young people loosely and freely united for a new social experience. ... Singer of a modern Hippie movement in Russia The hippie subculture was a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread around the world. ...

Before the summer was out, Manson and eight or nine of his enthusiasts piled into an old school bus they had re-wrought in hippie style, with colored rugs and pillows in place of the many seats they had removed. Hitting the road, they roamed as far north as Washington State, then southward through Los Angeles, Mexico, and the southwest. Returning to the Los Angeles area, they lived in Topanga Canyon, Malibu, and Venice — western parts of the city and county.^[14] Singer of a modern Hippie movement in Russia The hippie subculture was a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread around the world. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Topanga, California is an unincorporated area in western Los Angeles County, California, USA. Its located in the Santa Monica Mountains and occupies Topanga Canyon. ...

In an alternate account, which included no mention of the eighteen girls at Brunner’s place, Manson, apparently accompanied by Brunner, acquired Family members during some months of travels that were undertaken, in part, in a Volkswagen van; it was November when the school bus set out from San Francisco with the enlarged group.^[15]

Involvement with Wilson, Melcher, et al.

The events that would culminate in the murders were set in motion in late spring 1968, when, by some accounts, Dennis Wilson, of The Beach Boys, picked up two hitchhiking Manson girls and brought them to his Pacific Palisades house for a few hours. Returning home in the early hours of the following morning from a night recording session, Wilson was greeted in the driveway of his own residence by Manson, who emerged from the house. Uncomfortable, Wilson asked the stranger whether he intended to hurt him. Assuring him he had no such intent, Manson began kissing Wilson's feet.^[16][17] (According to the quasi-autobiographical Manson in His Own Words, Manson first met Wilson at a friend's San Francisco house where he, Manson, had gone to obtain marijuana. The Beach Boy supposedly gave Manson his Sunset Boulevard address and invited him to stop by when he would be in Los Angeles.)^[7] This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Beach Boys are an American rock and roll band. ... Pacific Palisades is a district within the city of Los Angeles, California located between Brentwood to the east, Malibu to the west, Santa Monica to the southeast, the Santa Monica Bay to the southwest, and the Santa Monica Mountains to the north. ... Cannabis, also known as marijuana[1] or ganja (Hindi: गांजा),[2] is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa. ...

Inside the house, Wilson discovered twelve strangers, mostly girls.^[16][17] Over the next few months, as their number doubled, the Family members who had made themselves part of Wilson's Sunset Boulevard household cost him approximately $100,000. This included a large medical bill for treatment of their gonorrhea and $21,000 for the accidental destruction of an uninsured car of his they borrowed.^[18] Wilson would sing and talk with Manson, whose girls were servants to them both.^[16] The clap redirects here. ...

Wilson paid for studio time to record songs written and performed by Manson and introduced Manson to acquaintances of his with roles in the entertainment business. These included Gregg Jakobson, Terry Melcher, and Rudi Altobelli.^[16] Jakobson, who was impressed by "the whole Charlie Manson package" of artist/lifestylist/philosopher, also paid to record Manson material.^{[19][20][21][22]} Gregg Jakobson was a good friend of Dennis Wilson of The Beach Boys. ... Album cover for Melchers eponymous album (1974) Terry Melcher (February 8, 1942 – November 19, 2004) was an American musician and record producer. ...

Spahn Ranch

By August 1968, when Wilson had his manager clear the Family members from his house, Manson had established a base for the group at Spahn's Movie Ranch, not far from Topanga Canyon.^[23][24] The evictees joined the rest of the Family there.^[16] The Spahn Ranch is a a 500 acre ranch at 1200 Santa Susana Pass Road in the Santa Susana Mountains. ...

Located in (or near) Chatsworth, the ranch had once been a location for the shooting of Western films; then, with its old movie sets run down, it was primarily doing business in horseback rides. While Family members did helpful work around the place, Manson kept the nearly-blind, octogenarian owner, George Spahn, on his side by having Lynette Fromme act as Spahn's eyes and, along with other girls, attend to Spahn sexually.^[25][26] For a tiny squeal she would emit when Spahn would pinch her thigh, Fromme, one of the early Family members who had boarded the school bus,^[14] won from Spahn the nickname "Squeaky."^[18] Chatsworth is a district in the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles, California. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Lynette Alice Squeaky Fromme (born October 22, 1948) is a former member of Charles Mansons Family, convicted of attempting to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford in 1975. ...

The Family was soon joined at Spahn Ranch by Charles Watson, who had met Manson at Dennis Wilson's house. A small-town Texan who had quit college and moved to California,^[27] Watson had given a lift to Wilson, who had been hitchhiking because his cars had been wrecked.^[23] Watson's drawl earned him, too, a George Spahn nickname, "Tex."^[24] Tex Watson during the Tate-La Bianca trial. ... Tex Watson during the Tate-La Bianca trial. ...

Helter Skelter

Main article: Helter Skelter (Manson scenario)

In the first days of November 1968, Manson established the Family at alternate headquarters in Death Valley's environs, where they occupied two unused (or little-used) ranches, Myers and Barker.^[22][28] The former, to which the group had initially headed, was owned by the grandmother of a new girl in the Family. The latter was owned by an elderly, local woman to whom Manson presented himself and a male Family member as musicians in need of a place congenial to their work. When the woman agreed to let them stay there if they'd fix up things, Manson honored her with one of the Beach Boys' gold records,^[28] several of which he'd been given by Dennis Wilson.^[29] // The murders perpetrated by Charles Manson and members of his Family were inspired in part by Mansons prediction of Helter Skelter, an apocalyptic war he believed would arise from tension over racial relations between blacks and whites. ... For other uses, see Death Valley (disambiguation). ... The Beach Boys, originally the Beech Boys, a small team of four brothers from the south of Poland, emigrated to America in the early 1950s in search of a fortune to be made in the Arizonian logging industry. When it soon became evident they had been the victims of... The description Gold Album is applied to recorded music albums that have sold a minimum number of copies (in the US, currently 500,000 sales). ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

While back at Spahn Ranch, no later than December, Manson and Tex Watson visited a Topanga Canyon acquaintance who played them the Beatles' White Album, then recently released.^[22][30][31] Despite having been twenty-nine years old and imprisoned when The Beatles first came to America, in 1964, Manson had been all but obsessed with the group. At McNeil, he had told fellow inmates, including Alvin Karpis, that he could surpass the group in fame;^[11][32] to the Family, he spoke of the group as "the soul" and "part of 'the hole in the infinite.'"^[31] Tex Watson during the Tate-La Bianca trial. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... The White Album redirects here. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... McNeil Island is an island in Puget Sound, located just west of Steilacoom, Washington at 47°1242 North, 122°4114 West3. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

For some time, too, Manson had been saying that racial tension between blacks and whites was growing and that blacks would soon rise up in rebellion in America's cities.^[33][34] He had emphasized Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, which had taken place on 4 April 1968.^[28] On a bitter cold New Year's Eve at Myers Ranch, the Family members, gathered outside around a large fire, listened as Manson explained that the social turmoil he had been predicting had also been predicted by The Beatles.^[31] The White Album songs, he declared, told it all, although in code. In fact, he maintained, the album was directed at the Family itself, an elect group that was being instructed to preserve the worthy from the impending disaster.^[33][34] Martin Luther King redirects here. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... The White Album redirects here. ...

In early January 1969, the Family escaped the desert's cold by establishing yet another base, at a canary-yellow home in Canoga Park, not far from the Spahn Ranch. Because this locale would allow the Family to remain "submerged beneath the awareness of the outside world,"^[35][36] Manson called it the Yellow Submarine, another Beatles reference. There, the group prepared for the impending apocalypse, which, around the campfire, Manson had termed "Helter Skelter," after the White Album song of that name. Canoga Park, California is a district of the city of Los Angeles, located within the San Fernando Valley. ... Music sample Yellow Submarine Problems? See media help. ... The White Album redirects here. ... This article is about the Beatles song. ...

By February, Manson's vision was complete. The Family would create an album whose songs, as subtle as those of The Beatles, would trigger the predicted chaos. Ghastly murders of whites by blacks would be met with retaliation, and a split between racist and non-racist whites would yield whites' self-annihilation by. Blacks' triumph, as it were, would merely precede their being ruled by the Family, which would ride out the conflict in "the bottomless pit" — a secret city beneath Death Valley.^[37] At the Canoga Park house, while Family members worked on vehicles and pored over maps to prepare for their desert escape, they also worked on songs for their world-changing album. When they were told Terry Melcher was to come to the house to hear the material, the girls prepared a meal and cleaned the place; but Melcher never arrived. The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... Canoga Park, California is a district of the city of Los Angeles, located within the San Fernando Valley. ... Album cover for Melchers eponymous album (1974) Terry Melcher (February 8, 1942 – November 19, 2004) was an American musician and record producer. ...

Encounter with Tate

On March 23, 1969,^[38] Manson called, uninvited, on 10050 Cielo Drive, which he had known as the residence of Terry Melcher.^[19] By that time Melcher was no longer residing there. Since that February,^[39] the tenants had been actress Sharon Tate and her husband, director Roman Polanski. is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Built in 1944 by French actress Michele Morgan, 10050 Cielo Drive was sited on 3 acres (12,000 m²) of land, high above Los Angeles with views of Sunset Boulevard and the Ocean. ... Album cover for Melchers eponymous album (1974) Terry Melcher (February 8, 1942 – November 19, 2004) was an American musician and record producer. ... Sharon Marie Tate (January 24, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was a Golden Globe-nominated American actress. ... Roman Polanski (born August 18, 1933) is an Academy Award-winning film director, writer, actor, and producer. ...

Manson was met by Shahrokh Hatami, a photographer and Tate friend, who was there to photograph Tate in advance of her departure for Rome the next day. Having seen Manson through a window as Manson approached the main house, Hatami had gone onto the front porch to ask him what he wanted.^[38]

When Manson told Hatami he was looking for someone whose name Hatami did not recognize, Hatami informed him the place was the Polanski residence. Hatami advised him to try "the back alley," by which he meant the path to the guest house, beyond the main house.^[38]

Concerned over the stranger on the property, Hatami was now down on the front walk, to confront Manson. When Tate appeared behind Hatami, in the house's front door, and asked who was calling, Hatami said a man was looking for someone. Hatami and Tate maintained their positions while Manson, without a word, went back to the guest house, returned a minute or two later, and left.^[38]

That evening, Manson returned to the property and again went back to the guest house, where, presuming to enter the enclosed porch, he spoke with Rudi Altobelli, who was just coming out of the shower. Although Manson asked for Melcher, Altobelli, who owned the property and had leased it to Melcher and then the Polanskis, felt Manson had come looking for him.^[40] (Los Angeles Deputy District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi, who would eventually prosecute Manson, obtained information that suggested Manson had been to the place on earlier occasions since Melcher's departure from it.)^[38][41] Vincent Bugliosi (born August 18, 1934 in Hibbing, Minnesota) is an American attorney and author, best known for prosecuting Charles Manson and other defendants accused of the Tate-LaBianca murders. ...

Speaking through the inner screen door, Altobelli told Manson that Melcher had moved to Malibu; he lied that he did not know Melcher's new address. In response to a question from Manson, Altobelli said he himself was in the entertainment business, although, having met Manson the previous year, at Dennis Wilson's home, he was sure Manson already knew that. At Wilson's, Altobelli had complimented Manson lukewarmly on some of his musical recordings that Wilson had been playing.^[38] Location of Malibu in Los Angeles County, California Coordinates: , Country State County Los Angeles Incorporated (city) 1991-03-28 [2] Government  - Mayor Jeff Jennings [1] Area  - Total 100. ...

When Altobelli informed Manson he was going out of the country the next day, Manson said he'd like to speak with him upon his return; Altobelli lied that he would be gone for more than a year. In response to a direct question from Altobelli, Manson explained that he had been directed to the guest house by the persons in the main house; Altobelli expressed the wish that Manson not disturb his tenants.^[38]

Manson left. As Altobelli flew with Tate to Rome the next day, Tate asked him whether "that creepy-looking guy" had gone back to the guest house the day before.^[38]

Family crimes

Crowe shooting; Hinman murder

By June, Manson was telling the Family they might have to show blacks how to start Helter Skelter.^[35][42][43] When Manson tasked Tex Watson to obtain money supposedly intended to help the Family prepare for the conflict, Watson defrauded a black drug dealer named Bernard "Lotsapoppa" Crowe; Crowe responded with a threat to wipe out everyone at Spahn Ranch. Manson countered on July 1, 1969, by shooting Crowe at his Hollywood apartment.^{[44][45][25][46]} is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Hollywood redirects here. ...

Manson's belief that he had killed Crowe was seemingly confirmed by a news report of the discovery of the dumped body of a Black Panther in Los Angeles. Although Crowe was not a member of the Black Panthers, Manson, concluding he had been, expected retaliation from the group. He turned Spahn Ranch into a defensive camp, with night patrols of armed guards.^[44][47] The Black Panther Party (originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was an African American organization founded to promote civil rights and self-defense. ...

On July 25, 1969, Manson sent sometime Family member Bobby Beausoleil along with Mary Brunner and Family member Susan Atkins to the house of acquaintance Gary Hinman, to persuade him to turn over money Manson thought Hinman had inherited.^[48][44][49] (In a 1981 Oui magazine interview^[50] and 1998-99 Seconds magazine interviews,^[51] Beausoleil said he went to Hinman’s house to recover money paid to Hinman for drugs that had turned out to be bad. He said Brunner and Atkins, unaware of his purpose, went with him idly, to visit Hinman.) is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Robert Kenneth Bobby Beausoleil (born 6 November 1947, in Santa Barbara, California), was an associate of the Charles Manson Family, and was convicted of killing music teacher/drug dealer Gary Hinman on July 27, 1969. ... Mary Brunner in a 1969 mugshot. ... Susan Atkins during the trial. ...

The three held the uncooperative Hinman hostage for two days, during which Manson showed up with a sword to slash his ear. After that, Beausoleil stabbed him to death, ostensibly on Manson’s instruction. Before leaving the Topanga Canyon residence, Beausoleil, or one of the girls, used Hinman’s blood to write "Political piggy" on the wall and to draw a panther paw, a Black Panther symbol.^[45][25][52]

On August 6, Beausoleil was arrested after he was caught driving Hinman's car, whose tire well held the murder weapon.^[39] On August 8, 1969, Manson told Family members at Spahn Ranch, "Now is the time for Helter Skelter."^[53][54][44] is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

Tate murders

On the night of August 8, 1969, Manson directed Tex Watson to take Family members Atkins, Linda Kasabian, and Patricia Krenwinkel — one of the hitchhikers allegedly picked up by Dennis Wilson^[16] — to "that house where Melcher used to live" and "totally destroy everyone in [it], as gruesome as you can."^[55][56] He told the girls to do as Tex would instruct them.^[53][57] is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Tex Watson during the Tate-La Bianca trial. ... Susan Atkins during the trial. ... Linda Louise Kasabian (born Linda Drouin, 1949) was the star witness in the Tate-LaBianca murders, for which Charles Manson and members of his family were convicted. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

When the four arrived at the entrance to the Cielo Drive property, Watson, who'd been to the house, on Family business,^[22] climbed a telephone pole near the gate and cut the phone line. It was now around midnight and into August 9, 1969. Built in 1944 by French actress Michele Morgan, 10050 Cielo Drive was sited on 3 acres (12,000 m²) of land, high above Los Angeles with views of Sunset Boulevard and the Ocean. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

Backing their car down to the bottom of the hill that led up to the place, they parked it there and walked back up. Thinking the gate might be electrified or rigged with an alarm,^[57] they climbed a brushy embankment at its right and dropped onto the grounds. Just then, headlights came their way from farther within the angled property. Telling the girls to lie in the bushes, Watson stepped out with a command to halt and shot to death Steven Parent, eighteen-year-old driver of the approaching car.^[55][58] After Watson had prepared their entry to the main house by cutting the screen of an open window, he told Kasabian to keep watch down by the gate.^[55][57][53] Entering the house through the slit screen, Watson let Atkins and Krenwinkel in through the front door.^[57] Steven Earl Parent (February 12, 1951 - August 9, 1969) was a victim of the Charles Manson murders. ...

As Watson whispered to Atkins, Roman Polanski's friend Wojciech Frykowski awoke on the living-room couch; Watson kicked him in the head.^[55] When Frykowski asked him who he was and what he was doing there, Watson replied, "I’m the devil, and I’m here to do the devil’s business."^[57][55] This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ...

On Watson’s direction, Atkins found the house's three other occupants and, with Krenwinkel's help,^[57][59] brought them to the living room. The three were Sharon Tate, eight and a half months pregnant; her friend and former lover Jay Sebring, a noted hairstylist; and Frykowski’s lover Abigail Folger, heiress to the Folger coffee fortune.^[39] Polanski, Tate's husband, was in London, England, at work on a film project.^[60] Sharon Marie Tate (January 24, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was a Golden Globe-nominated American actress. ... Jay Sebring (October 10, 1933 – August 9, 1969) was a successful international American hair stylist to American celebrities. ... Abigail Anne Folger (August 11, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was an American coffee heiress, debutante, socialite, volunteer social worker, civil rights devotee and member of the prominent United States Folger family. ... Folgers Coffee is a major brand of coffee in the US, part of the food and beverage division of Procter & Gamble. ...

As Watson began to tie Tate and Sebring together, by their necks, with rope he'd brought and slung up over a beam, Sebring's protest — his second — of rough treatment of Tate prompted Watson to shoot him. After Folger was taken momentarily back to her bedroom for her purse, which proved to hold about seventy dollars, Watson stabbed the groaning Sebring seven times.^[39][55]

Frykowski, whose hands had been bound with a towel, freed himself and began struggling with Atkins, who had been guarding him. As he fought his way toward and out the front door, onto the porch, Watson, who joined in against him, struck him over the head with the gun multiple times, stabbed him repeatedly, and shot him twice.^[55] Around this time, Kasabian, drawn up from the driveway by "horrifying sounds," arrived outside the door and, in a vain effort to halt the massacre, told Atkins falsely that someone was coming.^[53][55]

Inside the house, Folger had escaped from Krenwinkel and fled out a bedroom door to the pool area.^[61][62] Pursued to the front lawn by Krenwinkel, who stabbed and, finally, tackled her, she was dispatched by Watson; her two assailants stabbed her a total of twenty-eight times.^[55][39] As Frykowski struggled across the lawn, Watson finished him as well, with furious stabbing that brought his total stab wounds to fifty-one.^[55][53][39]

Back in the house, Atkins, Watson, or both killed Tate, who was stabbed a total of sixteen times.^[39] Tate pleaded to be allowed to live long enough to have her baby; she cried, "Mother... mother..." — until she was dead.^[55] (In initial confessions, to cellmates of hers at Sybil Brand Institute, Atkins would say she killed Tate.^[63] In later statements — to her attorney, to Vincent Bugliosi, and before a grand jury — she would indicate Tate had been stabbed by Tex Watson.^[14][57] In his 1978 autobiography, Watson himself said that he stabbed Tate and that Atkins did not.^[55] Aware prosecutor Bugliosi and the jury that had tried the other Tate-LaBianca defendants were convinced Atkins had stabbed Tate, he falsely testified he did not stab her.^[64]) The Sybil Brand Institute (in full, the Sybil Brand Institute For Women) was a famous county jail in Los Angeles County, California. ... Vincent Bugliosi (born August 18, 1934 in Hibbing, Minnesota) is an American attorney and author, best known for prosecuting Charles Manson and other defendants accused of the Tate-LaBianca murders. ... In the American common law legal system, a grand jury is a type of jury which determines if there is enough evidence for a trial. ...

Earlier, as the four Family members had headed out from Spahn Ranch, Manson had told the girls to "leave a sign… something witchy."^[55] Now, using the towel that had bound Frykowski’s hands, Atkins wrote "pig" on the house’s front door, in Tate's blood.

En route home, the killers changed out of bloody clothes, which, along with their weapons, they ditched in the hills.^[55][63][57]

LaBianca murders

The next night, six Family members, including the four from night one, rode out at Manson’s instruction. Displeased by the panic of the victims at Cielo Drive, Manson accompanied the six, "to show [them] how to do it."^[57][53][65] After a few hours’ ride, in which he considered a number of murders and even attempted one of them,^[53][65] Manson gave Kasabian directions that brought the group to 3301 Waverly Drive, home of supermarket executive Leno LaBianca and his wife, Rosemary, a dress shop co-owner.^[58][66] Located in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, the LaBianca home was next door to a house at which Manson and Family members had attended a party the previous year.^[57][67] Leno LaBianca and his wife Rosemary LaBianca were victims of the Charles Manson murders. ... Los Feliz (usually pronounced Loss Feeliss by most non-Spanish-speaking locals) is a neighborhood in the north-central region of the city of Los Angeles, California. ...

After walking up the driveway and looking in a window, Manson took Watson with him through the unlocked back door.^[65] (Atkins and Kasabian would tell prosecutors Manson went up to the house alone, returned with a report that he had tied up the house's occupants, and sent Watson up with Krenwinkel and Van Houten.^[57][53] In his autobiography, Watson indicated that, after first going up alone, Manson brought him into the house. He added that, at trial, he "went along with" the others' account, which he figured made him "look that much less responsible.")^[64]

Rousing the sleeping Leno LaBianca from the couch at gunpoint, Manson had Watson bind his hands with a leather thong. After Rosemary LaBianca was brought briefly into the living room from the bedroom, Watson followed Manson’s instructions to cover the couple’s heads with pillowcases, which he bound in place with lamp cord. Manson left, sending Krenwinkel and Leslie Van Houten into the house with instruction that the couple be killed.^[65][57][53] Leslie Van Houten during the Tate/LaBianca trial. ...

Before leaving Spahn Ranch, Watson had complained to Manson of the inadequacy of the previous night's weapons.^[53] Now, sending the girls from the kitchen to the bedroom, to which Rosemary LaBianca had been returned, he went to the living room and began stabbing Leno LaBianca with a chrome-plated bayonet, the first thrust going into the man's throat.

Sounds of a scuffle in the bedroom drew Watson there to discover Mrs. LaBianca keeping the girls at bay by swinging the lamp tied to her neck. Striking her down with several stabs of the bayonet, Watson returned to the living room and resumed attacking Leno, whom he stabbed a total of twelve times. After Watson was done, he carved “WAR” on the man’s exposed stomach. (Atkins, who did not enter the LaBianca house, told prosecutors that Krenwinkel, "I believe," had carved "War" on Leno LaBianca; Watson's autobiography makes clear he carved it.)^[57][65]

Returning to the bedroom, where Krenwinkel was stabbing Rosemary LaBianca with a knife from the LaBianca kitchen, Watson — heeding Manson’s instruction to make sure each of the girls played a part — told Van Houten to stab her too.^[65] She did, on the exposed buttocks and elsewhere.^[67][59][61] (Many of Rosemary LaBianca’s forty-one total stab wounds would prove to have been inflicted post-mortem, a fact that would lend support to Leslie van Houten’s equivocal contention that Rosemary LaBianca was dead by the time she stabbed her.)^[68]

While Watson cleaned off the bayonet and showered, Krenwinkel wrote "Rise" and "Death to pigs" on the walls and "Healter [sic] Skelter" on the refrigerator door, all in blood. She gave Leno LaBianca fourteen puncture wounds with an ivory-handled, two-tined carving fork, which she left jutting out of his stomach; she also planted a steak knife in his throat.^[65][57][53]

Hoping for a double crime, Manson had gone on to direct Kasabian to drive to the Venice home of an actor acquaintance of hers, another "piggy." Depositing the second trio of Family members at the man's apartment building, he drove back to Spahn Ranch, leaving them and the LaBianca killers to hitchhike home.^[57][53] Kasabian thwarted this murder by deliberately knocking on the wrong apartment door and waking a stranger. Before the group left, in abandonment of the murder plan, Susan Atkins defecated in the stairwell.^[69] Susan Atkins during the trial. ...

Justice system

Investigation and arrest

On August 10, 1969 — while the Tate autopsies were under way and the LaBianca bodies were yet to be discovered — detectives of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, which had jurisdiction in the Hinman case, informed LAPD detectives assigned to the Tate case of the bloody writing at the Hinman house. They even mentioned that the Hinman suspect, Beausoleil, was associated with a group of hippies led by "a guy named Charlie." The Tate team, thinking the Tate murders a consequence of a drug transaction, ignored the information.^[39] is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... This article is about the Los Angeles County Sherriffs Department, not to be confused with the smaller Los Angeles County Police Memorial to fallen deputies. ... The Los Angeles Police Department (usually known as the LAPD) is the police department of the City of Los Angeles, California. ... Hippies (singular hippie or sometimes hippy) were members of the 1960s counterculture movement who adopted a communal or nomadic lifestyle, renounced corporate nationalism and the Vietnam War, embraced aspects of Buddhism, Hinduism, and/or Native American religious culture, and were otherwise at odds with traditional middle class Western values. ...

Parent, the shooting victim in the Tate driveway, was determined to have been an acquaintance of William Garretson, a young man hired by Rudi Altobelli to take care of the property while Altobelli himself was away.^[39] As the killers arrived, Parent had been leaving Cielo Drive, after a visit to Garretson.^[39] Held briefly as a Tate suspect, Garretson, who lived in the guest house and told police he had neither seen nor heard anything on the murder night, was released on August 11, 1969.^[39][66] Steven Earl Parent (February 12, 1951 - August 9, 1969) was a victim of the Charles Manson murders. ... William Garretson was the caretaker of the Polanski residence at the time of Sharon Tates murder by the Charles Manson family. ... For the 1987 movie starring Cher, see Suspect (film). ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

On August 12, 1969, LAPD told the press it had ruled out any connection between the Tate and LaBianca homicides.^[66] On August 16, the sheriff’s office raided Spahn Ranch and arrested Manson and twenty-five others, as "suspects in a major auto theft ring" that had been stealing Volkswagens and converting them into dune buggies. Weapons were seized, but because the warrant had been misdated the group was released a few days later.^[70] is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... This article is about the original Volkswagen Beetle. ... Dune buggy George W. Bush in a Dune buggy A dune buggy is a recreational vehicle with large wheels, and wide tires, designed for use on sand dunes or beaches. ...

By the end of August, when virtually all leads had gone nowhere, a report by the LaBianca detectives, generally younger than the Tate team, noted a possible connection between the bloody writings at the LaBianca house and "the singing group the Beatles’ most recent album."^[71]

In mid-October, the LaBianca team, still working separately from the Tate team, checked with the sheriff’s office about possible similar crimes and learned of the Hinman case. They also learned that the Hinman detectives had spoken with Beausoleil’s girlfriend, Kitty Lutesinger, who had been arrested a few days earlier with members of "the Manson Family."^[48]

The arrests had taken place at the desert ranches, to which the Family had moved and where, unknown to authorities, its members had been in the midst of a search for a hole in the ground — access to the Bottomless Pit.^[38][72] Known to authorities was that someone had set fire to a piece of earthmoving equipment in the area.^[73][74] Raiding the Myers and Barker ranches, authorities had found stolen dune buggies and other vehicles and had arrested two dozen persons, including Manson. Manson was found hiding in a cabinet beneath a bathroom sink at Barker.^[48][73]

A month after they, too, had spoken with Lutesinger, the LaBianca detectives made contact with members of a motorcycle gang she'd told them Manson had tried to enlist as his bodyguards while the Family was at Spahn Ranch.^[48] While the gang members were providing information that suggested a link between Manson and the murders,^[63][25] a dormitory mate of Susan Atkins succeeded in informing LAPD of the Family’s involvement in the crimes.^[25] One of those arrested at Barker, Atkins had been booked for the Hinman murder after she’d confirmed to the sheriff’s detectives that she’d been involved in it, as Lutesinger had said.^[48] Transferred to Sybil Brand Institute, a detention center in Los Angeles, she had begun talking to two women she bunked with.^[45] Susan Atkins during the trial. ... The Sybil Brand Institute (in full, the Sybil Brand Institute For Women) was a famous county jail in Los Angeles County, California. ...

On December 1, 1969, acting on the information from these sources, LAPD announced warrants for the arrest of Watson, Krenwinkel, and Kasabian in the Tate case; the suspects' involvement in the LaBianca murders was noted. Manson and Atkins, already in custody, were not mentioned; the connection between the LaBianca case and Van Houten, who was also among those arrested near Death Valley, had not yet been recognized.^[73][19][57] is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

Watson and Krenwinkel, too, were already under arrest, authorities in Texas and Alabama having picked them up on notice from LAPD.^[19] On December 2, in New Hampshire, Kasabian turned herself in.^[19]

Conviction and sentencing

At the trial, which began June 15, 1970,^[59] the prosecution's main witness was Kasabian, who, along with Manson, Atkins, and Krenwinkel, had been charged with seven counts of murder and one of conspiracy.^[20] Not having participated in the killings, she was granted immunity in exchange for testimony that detailed the nights of crimes.^[21][16][75] is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In United States law, Prosecutorial immunity (or immunity from prosecution) occurs when a prosecutor grants immunity, usually to a witness in exchange for testimony or production of other evidence. ...

The prosecution placed the triggering of Helter Skelter as the main motive.^[76] The crime scenes' bloody White Album references — pig, rise, helter skelter — were correlated with testimony about Manson predictions that the murders blacks would commit at the outset of Helter Skelter would involve the writing of “pigs” on walls in victims’ blood.^[35][77] Testimony that Manson had said "now is the time for Helter Skelter" was supplemented with Kasabian’s testimony that, on the night of the LaBianca murders, Manson considered discarding Rosemary LaBianca's wallet on the street of a black neighborhood.^[53] Having obtained the wallet in the LaBianca house, he "wanted a black person to pick it up and use the credit cards so that the people, the establishment, would think it was some sort of an organized group that killed these people."^[78] On his direction, Kasabian had hidden it in the women's rest room of a service station near a black area.^{[57][79][53][41]} "I want to show blackie how to do it," Manson had said as the Family members had driven along after the departure from the LaBianca house.^[78] // The murders perpetrated by Charles Manson and members of his Family were inspired in part by Mansons prediction of Helter Skelter, an apocalyptic war he believed would arise from tension over racial relations between blacks and whites. ... The self-titled double album The Beatles, released by the Beatles in 1968 at the height of their popularity, is often hailed as one of the major accomplishments in popular music. ... For other uses, see Establishment. ...

During the trial, Family members haunted the entrances and corridors of the courthouse and were denied access to the courtroom itself only by being subpoenaed as prospective prosecution witnesses.^[80] When the group established itself in vigil on the sidewalk, each hard-core member wore a sheathed hunting knife that, being in plain view, was being carried legally. Each sported, too, an X, carved into his or her forehead in imitation of the bloody one with which Manson had appeared in court on the opening day of the trial proper. The X had first been copied by the female defendants.^[81] A subpoena is a command to appear at a certain time and place to give testimony upon a certain matter. ...

On August 4, despite precautions taken by the court, Manson flashed the jury a Los Angeles Times front page whose headline was "Manson Guilty, Nixon Declares," a reference to a statement made the previous day when U.S. President Richard Nixon had decried what he saw as the media’s glamorization of Manson. The next day, the female defendants stood up and said in unison that, in light of the President's remark, there was no point in going on with the trial.^[82] On October 5, denied the court's permission to question a prosecution witness whom the defense attorneys had declined to cross-examine, Manson leaped over the defense table in what was viewed as an attempt to stab Judge Charles Older with a pencil. Thereafter, Older allegedly began wearing a revolver under his robes.^[41] Just before Christmas, disruptions of the prosecution's closing argument by the defendants led Older to ban the four from the courtroom for the remainder of the trial's guilt phase. He said that, after "lo, these many months," it was obvious they were "operating in concert with each other" and using the court "as a stage for some kind of performance."^[83] This just IN !!!:paris hiltons new dog. ... Nixon redirects here. ... Charles Chuck Older (1917-2006) was a member of the American Volunteer Group The Flying Tigers and one of its Aces. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

On January 25, 1971, guilty verdicts were returned against Manson, Krenwinkel and Atkins on the seven counts of murder and the one of conspiracy; Van Houten was convicted on two counts of murder and one of conspiracy.^[84] In the guilt phase of the trial, the defendants had shocked the court by resting without calling a single witness. Lawyers for the women had been unwilling to let Manson engineer a defense in which their clients would testify and take all guilt upon themselves.^[85] In the penalty phase, the jurors got a glimpse of the defense Manson had had in mind. Atkins, Krenwinkel, and Van Houten testified the murders had been conceived as "copycat" versions of the Hinman murder, for which Atkins now took credit. The killings, they said, were intended to draw suspicion away from Bobby Beausoleil, by resembling the crime for which he had been jailed. This plan had supposedly been the work of, and carried out under the guidance of, not Manson, but someone allegedly in love with Beausoleil — Linda Kasabian.^[86] Among the narrative's weak points was Atkins's inability to explain why, as she was maintaining, she had written "political piggy" at the Hinman house in the first place.^[86][77] is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Linda Louise Kasabian (born Linda Drouin, 1949) was the star witness in the Tate-LaBianca murders, for which Charles Manson and members of his family were convicted. ...

Midway through the penalty phase, Manson shaved his head and trimmed his beard to a fork; he told the press, "I am the Devil, and the Devil always has a bald head."^[87] In what the prosecution regarded as belated recognition on their part that imitation of Manson only proved his domination, the female defendants refrained from shaving their heads until the jurors retired to weigh the state's request for the death penalty.^[87][88] Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ...

The effort to exonerate Manson via the "copycat" motive failed; on 29 March 1971, the jury returned verdicts of death against all four defendants on all counts.^[77] On 19 April 1971, Judge Older sentenced the four to death.^[89] is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ...

In between the body of the trial and the closing arguments, Ronald Hughes, who had been representing Leslie Van Houten, had disappeared during a weekend trip. He had been one of the attorneys who had stood up to Manson and refused to let his client testify. Maxwell Keith had taken over as Van Houten's attorney.^[90] On the day the verdicts recommending the death penalty were returned, Hughes's badly decomposed body was found wedged between two boulders in Ventura County.^[85][90] Charles Milles Manson (born November 12th, 1934) was convicted of murder in what became known as the Tate/La Bianca case. ... Ventura County is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area, located on Californias Pacific coast. ...

Aftermath

Protracted proceedings to extradite Tex Watson from his native Texas,^[67][62][91] where he had resettled a month before his arrest,^[92] resulted in his being tried separately. The trial commenced in August 1971; by October, he, too, had been found guilty on seven counts of murder and one of conspiracy. He, too, was sentenced to death.^[56] Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal. ... Tex Watson during the Tate-La Bianca trial. ...

In February 1972, the death sentences of all five parties were automatically reduced to life in prison by California v. Anderson 64 Cal.2d 633, 414 P.2d 366, (Cal. 1972), in which the Supreme Court of California abolished the death penalty in that state.^[93] Capital punishment in the United States is officially sanctioned by 37 of the 50 states of the United States, as well as by the federal government and the military. ... Holding The use of capital punishment in the state of California was deemed unconstitutional because it was considered cruel and unusual. ... // The United States Reports, the official reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States Case citation is the system used in many countries to identify the decisions in past court cases, either in special series of books called reporters or law reports, or in a neutral form which will... Justices of the Supreme Court of California (circa May 2005). ... The Supreme Court of California is the state supreme court in California. ...

In a 1971 trial that took place after his Tate-LaBianca convictions, Manson was found guilty of the murders of Gary Hinman and Donald "Shorty" Shea and was given a life sentence. Shea, a Spahn Ranch stuntman and horse wrangler, had been killed approximately ten days after the 16 August 1969, sheriff's raid on the ranch. Manson, who suspected that Shea helped set up the raid, had apparently believed Shea was trying to get George Spahn to run the Family off the ranch. Manson was annoyed, too, that the white Shea had married a black woman; and it's possible Shea knew about the Tate-LaBianca killings.^[25][94] In separate trials, Family members Bruce Davis and Steve "Clem" Grogan were also found guilty of Shea's murder.^[25][56][95] Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime, nominally for the entire remaining life of the prisoner, but in fact for a period which varies between jurisdictions: many countries have a maximum possible period of time (usually 50 years) a prisoner may be incarcerated, or require the... The Spahn Ranch is a a 500 acre ranch at 1200 Santa Susana Pass Road in the Santa Susana Mountains. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

Before the conclusion of Manson's Tate-LaBianca trial, a reporter for the Los Angeles Times tracked down Manson's mother, remarried and living in the Pacific Northwest. The former Kathleen Maddox indicated that, in childhood, her son had known no neglect; he had even been "pampered by all the women who surrounded him."^[8] This just IN !!!:paris hiltons new dog. ... The Pacific Northwest from space The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ...

On September 5, 1975, Squeaky Fromme attempted to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford in Sacramento, to which she and Manson follower Sandra Good had moved to be near Manson while he was incarcerated at Folsom State Prison. A subsequent search of the apartment shared by Fromme, Good, and a Family recruit turned up evidence that, coupled with later actions on the part of Good, resulted in Good's conviction for conspiring to send threatening communications through the United States mail and transmitting death threats by way of interstate commerce. (The threats that were involved were against corporate executives and US government officials and had to do with supposed environmental dereliction on their part.)^[96] is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lynette Alice Squeaky Fromme (born October 22, 1948) is a former member of Charles Mansons Family, convicted of attempting to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford in 1975. ... For other persons named Gerald Ford, see Gerald Ford (disambiguation). ... Sacramento redirects here. ... Sandra Good was a friend and room-mate of Lynette Squeaky Fromme, who allegedly attempted to assassinate US President Gerald Ford, at the time of the threat. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

1977 marked the resolution of a longstanding Family mystery — the precise location of the remains of Shorty Shea and whether, as had been claimed, Shea had been dismembered and buried in several places. Contacting the prosecutor in his case, Steve Grogan told him that Shea’s corpse had been buried in one piece; he drew a map that pinpointed the location of the body, which was recovered. Of those convicted of Manson-ordered murders, Grogan would become, in 1985, the first to be paroled — and, as of 2007, the only one.^[97]

In the 1980s, Manson gave three notable interviews. The first, recorded at California Medical Facility and aired June 13, 1981, was by Tom Snyder for NBC's The Tomorrow Show. The second, recorded at San Quentin Prison and aired March 7, 1986, was by Charlie Rose for CBS News Nightwatch; it won the national news Emmy Award for "Best Interview" in 1987.^[98] The last, with Geraldo Rivera in 1988, was part of that journalist's prime-time special on Satanism.^[99] California State Medical Corrections Facility California State Medical Corrections Facility, also known as CMF, is one of the two prisons in Vacaville, California, and the home of well known criminal Edmund Kemper. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Tomorrow Show was an American late-night television talk show hosted by Tom Snyder. ... Categories: Buildings and structures stubs | US geography stubs | Prisons in California ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Charlie Rose Charles Peete Rose Jr. ... An Emmy Award. ... Geraldo redirects here. ... Satanism can refer to a number of belief systems depending on the user and contexts. ...

In December 1987, Fromme, serving a life sentence for the assassination attempt, escaped briefly from Alderson Federal Prison Camp in West Virginia. She was trying to reach Manson, whom she had heard had cancer; she was apprehended within days.^[96] Lynette Alice Squeaky Fromme (born October 22, 1948) is a former member of Charles Mansons Family, convicted of attempting to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford in 1975. ... Alderson Federal Prison Camp, also known as Federal Prison Camp, Alderson or FPC Alderson, is a federal prison in the United States for minimum-security female inmates. ...

In a 1994 conversation with Manson prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi, one-time Manson-follower Catherine Share stated that her testimony in the penalty phase of Manson’s trial had been a fabrication intended to save Manson from the gas chamber and had been given on Manson’s explicit direction.^[96] Share’s testimony had introduced the copycat-motive story, which the testimony of the three female defendants echoed and according to which the Tate-LaBianca murders had been the idea of Linda Kasabian.^[86] In a 1997 segment of the tabloid television program Hard Copy, Share implied that her testimony had been given under a Manson threat of physical harm.^[100] In August 1971, after Manson's trial and sentencing, Share had participated in a violent California retail-store robbery, the object of which was the acquisition of weapons to help free Manson.^[56] Vincent Bugliosi (born August 18, 1934 in Hibbing, Minnesota) is an American attorney and author, best known for prosecuting Charles Manson and other defendants accused of the Tate-LaBianca murders. ... For other uses, see Gas chamber (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hard Copy was a tabloid news infotainment magazine show similar to Inside Edition and A Current Affair. ...

In January 1996, a Manson web site was established by latter-day Manson follower George Stimson, who was helped by Sandra Good. Good had been released from prison in 1985, after serving ten years of her fifteen-year sentence for the death threats.^[96][101] Sandra Good was a friend and room-mate of Lynette Squeaky Fromme, who allegedly attempted to assassinate US President Gerald Ford, at the time of the threat. ...

In a 1998-9 interview in Seconds magazine, Bobby Beausoleil rejected the view that Manson ordered him to kill Gary Hinman.^[51] He stated Manson did come to Hinman's house and slash Hinman with a sword. In a 1981 interview with Oui magazine, he denied this. Beausoleil stated that when he read about the Tate murders in the newspaper, "I wasn't even sure at that point — really, I had no idea who had done it until Manson's group were actually arrested for it. It had only crossed my mind and I had a premonition, perhaps. There was some little tickle in my mind that the killings might be connected with them...." In the Oui magazine interview, he had stated, "When [the Tate-LaBianca murders] happened, I knew who had done it. I was fairly certain."^[50] Robert Kenneth Bobby Beausoleil (born 6 November 1947, in Santa Barbara, California), was an associate of the Charles Manson Family, and was convicted of killing music teacher/drug dealer Gary Hinman on July 27, 1969. ...

William Garretson, once the young caretaker at Cielo Drive, indicated in a program broadcast in July 1999 on E!, that he had, in fact, seen and heard a portion of the Tate murders from his location in the property’s guest house. This comported with the unofficial results of a polygraph examination that had been given to Garretson on August 10, 1969, and that had effectively eliminated him as a suspect.^[102] The LAPD officer who conducted the examination had concluded Garretson was "clean" on participation in the crimes but "muddy" as to his having heard anything.^[39] Garretson did not explain why he had withheld his knowledge of the events.^[103] William Garretson was the caretaker of the Polanski residence at the time of Sharon Tates murder by the Charles Manson family. ... Built in 1944 by French actress Michele Morgan, 10050 Cielo Drive was sited on 3 acres (12,000 m²) of land, high above Los Angeles with views of Sunset Boulevard and the Ocean. ... E!: Entertainment Television is an American cable television and direct broadcast satellite network. ... This article is about the forensic instrument. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... For the 1987 movie starring Cher, see Suspect (film). ... The Los Angeles Police Department (usually known as the LAPD) is the police department of the City of Los Angeles, California. ...

On 5 September 2007, MSNBC aired The Mind of Manson, a complete version of a 1987 interview at California’s San Quentin State Prison. The footage of the "unshackled, unapologetic, and unruly" Manson had been considered "so unbelievable" that only seven minutes of it had originally been broadcast on The Today Show, for which it had been recorded.^[104] is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For the news website, see msnbc. ... The sprawling San Quentin prison complex. ... Today, commonly referred to as The Today Show to avoid ambiguity, is an American morning news and talk show airing weekday mornings on the NBC television network. ...

Parole hearings

On 23 May 2007, Manson was denied parole for the eleventh time.^[105] He will not be eligible again for parole until 2012. He is an inmate in the Protective Housing Unit at Corcoran State Prison in Corcoran, California, inmate #B33920.^[106] is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... California State Prison, Corcoran is a state penitentiary in Corcoran, Kings County, California. ... Corcoran is a city located in Kings County, California. ...

Manson and culture

Recordings

Main article: Recordings by Charles Manson

March 6, 1970, the day the court vacated Manson's status as his own attorney,^[53] saw the release of LIE, an album of Manson music.^[107][108] This included "Cease to Exist," a Manson composition the Beach Boys had recorded with modified lyrics and the title "Never Learn Not to Love."^[109][110] Over the next couple of months, only about three hundred of the album's two thousand copies sold.^[111] On March 6, 1970, Charles Manson released an album entitled Lie: The Love & Terror Cult to help finance his defense in his trial for the Tate-LaBianca murders. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Never Learn Not to Love is a song recorded by The Beach Boys. ... The Beach Boys, originally the Beech Boys, a small team of four brothers from the south of Poland, emigrated to America in the early 1950s in search of a fortune to be made in the Arizonian logging industry. When it soon became evident they had been the victims of... Never Learn Not to Love is a song recorded by The Beach Boys. ...

Since that time, there have been several releases of Manson recordings — music and speech.^[112] The Family Jams includes two compact discs of Manson's songs recorded by the Family in 1970, after Manson and the others had been arrested. Guitar and lead vocals are supplied by Steve Grogan;^[73] additional vocals are supplied by Lynette Fromme, Sandra Good, Catherine Share, and others.^[112][113] CD redirects here. ...

American rock band Guns N’ Roses’ drew heavy criticism for recording Manson's "Look at Your Game, Girl," included as an unlisted thirteenth track on the 1993 album "The Spaghetti Incident?"^{[93][114][115]} This article is about the type of musical group. ... Guns N Roses (GNR) are an American hard rock band. ... Look At Your Game, Girl is a song written by convicted killer Charles Manson. ... The Spaghetti Incident? is the fifth album by hard rock band Guns N Roses, recorded by the early 90s line up, consisting cover versions, mainly of punk and glam songs of the late 70s and early 80s, with the exception of the albums first track, a cover of The...

Cultural reverberation

Within months of the Tate-LaBianca arrests, Manson was embraced by underground newspapers of the 1960s counterculture from which the Family had emerged.^[111][116] When a Rolling Stone writer visited the Los Angeles District Attorney’s office for a June 1970 cover story,^[117] he was shocked by a photograph of the bloody "Healter [sic] Skelter" that would bind Manson to popular culture.^[118] The phrase underground press, especially underground newspapers (or simply underground papers) is, these days, most often used in reference to the alternative print media, independently published and distributed, associated with the countercultural movements of the late 1960s and early 1970s. ... The counterculture of the 1960s began in the United States as a reaction against the conservative social norms of the 1950s, the political conservatism (and social repression) of the Cold War period, and the US governments extensive military intervention in Vietnam. ... This article is about the magazine. ... A district attorney is, in some U.S. jurisdictions, the title of the local public official who represents the government in the prosecution of criminals. ... Popular culture (or pop culture) is the widespread cultural elements in any given society that are perpetuated through that societys vernacular language or lingua franca. ...

Manson’s influence has ranged wide, in pop culture and beyond, covering fashion,^[119][120] graphics,^[121][122] music,^[123] movies, television, and the stage. In an afterword composed for the 1994 edition of the non-fiction Helter Skelter, prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi quoted a BBC employee's assertion that a "neo-Manson cult" existing then in Europe was represented by, among other things, approximately seventy rock bands playing songs by Manson and "songs in support of him."^[93] Helter Skelter is a true crime book by Vincent Bugliosi (with Curt Gentry) about the 1969 Manson Family murders and Bugliosis own prosecution of Charles Manson and his followers. ... Vincent Bugliosi (born August 18, 1934 in Hibbing, Minnesota) is an American attorney and author, best known for prosecuting Charles Manson and other defendants accused of the Tate-LaBianca murders. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ...

Just one specimen of popular music with Manson references is Alkaline Trio’s "Sadie," whose lyrics include the phrases "Sadie G," "Ms. Susan A," and "Charlie’s broken .22."^[124] "Sadie Mae Glutz" was the name by which Susan Atkins was known within the Family,^[48][49] and the grip of the twenty-two caliber pistol wielded by Tex Watson at the Tate residence shattered when Watson used it to bludgeon Wojciech Frykowski.^[55] "Sadie’s" lyrics are followed by a spoken passage derived from Atkins’s testimony in the penalty phase of the trial of Manson and the women.^[125][126] For the music genre, see Pop music. ... Alkaline Trio (sometimes referred to as Ak3 or Alk3) is a band from Chicago consisting of Matt Skiba on guitar/vocals, Dan Andriano on bass/vocals, and Derek Grant on drums/back-up vocals. ... BYO Split Series Vol. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Manson has even influenced the names of musical performers such as Spahn Ranch and Marilyn Manson, the latter a stage name assembled from "Charles Manson" and "Marilyn Monroe."^[127] The story of the Family's activities inspired John Moran’s opera The Manson Family and Stephen Sondheim’s musical Assassins, the latter of which has Lynette Fromme as a character.^[128][129] The tale has been the subject of several movies, including two television dramatizations of Helter Skelter.^[130][131] In the South Park episode Merry Christmas Charlie Manson, Manson is a comic character whose inmate number is 06660, an apparent reference to 666, the Biblical "number of the beast."^[132][133] The Los Angeles electronic-industrial music group Spahn Ranch was formed in 1992 by Matt Green and his New York-based collaborator, Rob Morton. ... This article is about the person. ... Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), was a Golden Globe award winning[1] American actress, model, Hollywood icon[2], and sex symbol. ... John Moran is an American composer, author and choreographer. ... Stephen Joshua Sondheim (b. ... Assassins is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by John Weidman and was based on an idea by Charles Gilbert, Jr. ... Lynette Alice Squeaky Fromme (born October 22, 1948) is a former member of Charles Mansons Family, convicted of attempting to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford in 1975. ... Helter Skelter is a 1976 TV film based on the 1974 book by prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi and Curt Gentry. ... Helter Skelter is a true crime book by Vincent Bugliosi (with Curt Gentry) about the 1969 Manson Family murders and Bugliosis own prosecution of Charles Manson and his followers. ... This article is about the TV series. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Number of the Beast (disambiguation). ...

Documentaries

• Manson documentary directed by Robert Hendrickson and Laurence Merrick. (1973)
• Charles Manson Superstar documentary directed by Nikolas Schreck (Music Video Distribution, DVD Release Date: 2002).
• The Manson Massacre directed by Kentucky Jones (1972).
• Helter Skelter directed by Tom Gries. (1976; Director's Cut: 2004, Warner Home Video).
• The Book of Manson directed by Raymond Pettibon (1989).
• The Manson Family directed by Jim Van Bebber (2003).
• Manson Family Movies written, directed, produced by John Aes-Nihil (2003).
• Live Freaky! Die Freaky! directed by John Roecker (2003).
• Cold Blood Canyon inspired by the Manson murders, directed by Alec Tuckman (2007).

Manson is a 1973 Oscar nominated documentary directed by Robert Hendrickson and Laurence Merrick. ... Director of the documentary Manson about Charles Manson. ... Charles Manson Superstar is a documentary film about Charles Manson, directed by Nikolas Schreck in 1989. ... American occultist, musician, humorist and philosopher. ... Helter Skelter is a 1976 TV film based on the 1974 book by prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi and Curt Gentry. ... Raymond Pettibon at Bergamot Stations Track 16 Gallery, February 2006 Raymond Pettibon (born Raymond Ginn on June 16, 1957) is an artist and sometime musician and lyricist, known for his comic-like drawings with disturbing, ironic or ambiguous captions. ... A low budget B film about the Manson family. ... Jim Van Bebber is an American film director. ... Live Freaky Die Freaky is a stop motion-animated, musical independent film directed by John Roecker. ... John Roecker is an eccentric film director whose work includes the film Live Freaky! Die Freaky! as well the upcoming documentary, tenatively titled Heart Like a Heart Grenade, which documents the recording of Green Days landmark album American Idiot. ...

References

April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Tom Shales (born November 3, 1944) is an American critic of television programming and operations. ... The Mercs sections vary by day of the week, but Business, Sports, and The Valley are standard daily fare. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 122nd day of the year (123rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 122nd day of the year (123rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Aborym is an Italian industrial black metal band who refer to their style as hard / black alien industrial metal. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Primary

• Atkins, Susan with Bob Slosser. Child of Satan, Child of God. Logos International; Plainfield, New Jersey; 1977. ISBN 0-88270-276-9.
• Bugliosi, Vincent with Curt Gentry. Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders. (Norton, 1974; Arrow books, 1992 edition, ISBN 0-09-997500-9; W. W. Norton & Company, 2001, ISBN 0-393-32223-8)
• Emmons, Nuel, as told to. Manson in His Own Words. Grove Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8021-3024-0.
• Sanders, Ed The Family. Thunder's Mouth Press. rev. update edition 2002. ISBN 1-56025-396-7.
• Watkins, Paul with Guillermo Soledad. My Life with Charles Manson. Bantam, 1979. ISBN 0-553-12788-8.
• Watson, Charles. Will you die for me?. F. H. Revell, 1978. ISBN 0-8007-0912-8.

Susan Atkins during the trial. ... Vincent Bugliosi (born August 18, 1934 in Hibbing, Minnesota) is an American attorney and author, best known for prosecuting Charles Manson and other defendants accused of the Tate-LaBianca murders. ... Curt Gentry is an American writer, best known for Helter Skelter, which followed the Charles Manson killings. ... Helter Skelter is a true crime book by Vincent Bugliosi (with Curt Gentry) about the 1969 Manson Family murders and Bugliosis own prosecution of Charles Manson and his followers. ... Ed Sanders born August 17, 1939 in Kansas City,Missouri is a poet, singer, social activist, environmentalist, novelist and publisher. ... Paul Watkins is a British Author. ... Tex Watson during the Tate-La Bianca trial. ...

Further Reading

• George, Edward and Dary Matera. Taming the Beast: Charles Manson's Life Behind Bars. St. Martin's Press, 1999. ISBN 0-312-20970-3.
• Gilmore, John. Manson: The Unholy Trail of Charlie and the Family. Amok Books, 2000. ISBN 1-878923-13-7.
• Gilmore, John. The Garbage People. Omega Press, 1971.
• LeBlanc, Jerry and Ivor Davis. 5 to Die. Holloway House Publishing, 1971. ISBN 0-87067-306-8.
• Pellowski, Michael J. The Charles Manson Murder Trial: A Headline Court Case. Enslow Publishers, 2004. ISBN 0-7660-2167-X.
• Rowlett, Curt. Labyrinth13: True Tales of the Occult, Crime & Conspiracy, Chapter 10, Charles Manson, Son of Sam and the Process Church of the Final Judgment: Exploring the Alleged Connections. Lulu Press, 2006. ISBN 1-4116-6083-8.
• Schreck, Nikolas. The Manson File Amok Press. 1988. ISBN 0-941693-04-X.
• Udo, Tommy. Charles Manson: Music, Mayhem, Murder. Sanctuary Records, 2002. ISBN 1-86074-388-9.

Edward Alan John George, Baron George, GBE, PC, (born 1938), known as Eddie George, or Steady Eddie, was Governor of the Bank of England from 1993 to 2003. ... Dary Matera (born 1955) is a Chandler, Arizona author who specializes in real life case books. ... Headquartered in the legendary Flatiron Building in New York City, St. ... John Gilmore for the jazz saxophonist, or John Gilmore John Gilmore is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Cypherpunks mailing list, and Cygnus Solutions. ... John Gilmore for the jazz saxophonist, or John Gilmore John Gilmore is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Cypherpunks mailing list, and Cygnus Solutions. ... American occultist, musician, humorist and philosopher. ... Kiss of Death is a 1947 film noir movie written by Ben Hecht and Charles Lederer from a story by Eleazar Lipsky. ...

External links

• Noe, Denise. "The Manson Myth". CrimeMagazine.com 12 December 2004.
• Prosecution's closing argument in trial of Charles Manson 2Violent.com. Retrieved 16 April 2007.
• Watson, Charles. Will You Die for Me? Charles Watson autobiography as told to Ray Hoekstra; presented at Watson website (aboundinglove.org). Retrieved 16 April 2007.
• Famous Trials - The Trial of Charles Manson by Douglas Linder. University of Missouri at Kansas City Law School. 2002. 7 April 2007.
• Art by Charles Manson
• Bardsley, Marilyn. Crime Library - Charles Manson. Crime Library. Courtroom Television Network, LLC. 7 April 2006.
• Dalton, David. If Christ Came Back as a Con Man. 1998 article by coauthor of 1970 Rolling Stone story on Manson. gadflyonline.com. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
• Decision in appeal by Manson, Atkins, Krenwinkel, and Van Houten from Tate-LaBianca convictionsPeople v. Manson, 61 Cal. App. 3d 102 (California Court of Appeal, Second District, Division One, August 13, 1976). Retrieved June 19, 2007.
• Decision in appeal by Manson from Hinman-Shea conviction People v. Manson, 71 Cal. App. 3d 1 (California Court of Appeal, Second District, Division One, June 23, 1977). Retrieved June 19, 2007.