NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Charles V of Spain

Charles V (Spanish: Carlos I, Dutch: Karel V, German: Karl V.) (24 February 1500–21 September 1558) is considered (the first) King of Spain though in fact his son was the first to use that title. He was king from 1516 to 1556 (in principle, he was from 1516 king of Aragon and from 1516 guardian of his insane mother, queen of Castile who died 1555, and the co-king of Castile 1516-55, full king 1555-56), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556. In Spain, he ruled officially as Charles I, though he is referred to by the ordinal he used as Holy Roman Emperor more often. He was the son of Philip and Joanna of Castile. His maternal grandparents were Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. His paternal grandparents were Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Marie, Duchess of Burgundy. Portrait of Emperor Charles V The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Portrait of Emperor Charles V The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events Europes population was ~60 million. ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Muslim Conquest of Iberia Timeline of Muslim Occupation Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Events March 4 - HernÃ¡n CortÃ©s lands in Mexico. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Philip and his wife Joanna of Castile Philip I (July 22, 1478 – September 25, 1506), sometimes called Philip the Handsome (Felipe el Hermoso - Filips de Schone) was king of Castile, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and husband of Joanna the Mad, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, was... Joanna of Castile Joanna (Spanish: Juana) (November 6, 1479 – April 11, 1555), called the Mad (la Loca), queen of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, and was born at Toledo on November 6... Ferdinand and his wife Isabel of Castile Ferdinand II (Fernando de AragÃ³n in Spanish and Ferran dAragÃ³ in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic (March 10, 1452 â€“ June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Isabella of Castile (Spanish: Ysabel, Isabel or Isabela) (22 April 1451 - 26 November 1504) was queen of Castile. ... Portrait by Albrecht DÃ¼rer, 1519 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). ... Mary of Burgundy Mary (February 13, 1457 – March 27, 1482), duchess of Burgundy, only child of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon, was born on February 13 1457. ...

Charles V's reign also introduced the first documented use of the styles of His Majesty or His Imperial Majesty.

Family and nationality

It is hard to say what nationality Charles really held. He was a Habsburg on his father's side, but he was not German. His mother tongue was French, that being the language of the aristocracy in the Low Countries (modern-day Benelux and the French région of Nord-Pas-de-Calais), where he grew up. In his youth, he made frequent visits to Paris, then the largest city of Western Europe, which he thoroughly enjoyed, like most aristocrats of his day. In his words: "Paris is not a city, but a universe" (Lutetia non urbs, sed orbis). He also famously said: "I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men and German to my horse." Though his first language was French, in which he was known as Charles Quint (Charles the Fifth), he was a lifelong enemy of the Kings of France. His mother was Spanish, and Spain was the core of his kingdom, but he himself was not Spanish. He probably felt more at home in the Low Countries where he had spent his youth. In Spain, he always felt a foreign prince, and he was never totally assimilated. Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries (see Country) on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse (Maas) rivers. ... Benelux Benelux Benelux is the region of Europe comprising Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. ... France is divided into 26 rÃ©gions: 21 of these are in the continental part of metropolitan France, one is Corse on the island of Corsica (although strictly speaking Corse is in fact a territorial collectivity, not a rÃ©gion, but is referred to as a rÃ©gion in common... Capital Lille Area 12,414 km² Regional President Daniel Percheron ( PS) (since 2001) Population - 2004 estimate - 1999 census - Density (Ranked 4th) 4,026,000 3,996,588 324/km² (2004) Arrondissements 13 Cantons 156 Communes 1,546 Départements Nord Pas-de-Calais The administrative region of Nord-Pas-de... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Western Europe is distinguished from Eastern Europe by differences of history and culture rather than by geography. ... The deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. ... Lutetia (sometimes Lutetia Parisiorum or Lucotecia, in French LutÃ¨ce) was a town in pre-Roman and Roman Gaul. ... God is the Supreme Being believed to exist in monotheistic religions as the creator of the Universe. ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The Horse (Equus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of the seven modern species of the genus Equus. ... Kings ruled in France from the Middle Ages to 1848. ...

Early life

Charles was born in Ghent and brought up in the Low Countries until 1517, where he was tutored by Adrian of Utrecht, later Pope Adrian VI. His three most prominent subsequent advisors were Lord Chièvres, Jean Sauvage, and Mercurino Gattinara. In 1506, on the death of his father, Charles inherited the Low Countries and Franche-Comté. After the death of his grandfather Ferdinand in 1516, Charles became joint-king of Castile with his mother Joanna of Castile (who was insane), and also inherited Aragon, Navarre, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia from his grandfather, and Castilian dependencies Granada and Spanish America (in the latter overseeing the conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas, led by the Spanish conquistadors). Upon arriving in Castile and dismissing the regent Cardinal Cisneros, he had to fight the Castilian War of the Communities against the cities and petty nobles who disliked his appointment of Flemings for Castilian offices. He eventually won and from then on Castilian Cortes were keen on conceding him the vast resources needed for the numerous wars he waged in Europe. After the death of his other grandfather, Maximilian, in 1519, he inherited Habsburg lands in Austria and was elected Holy Roman Emperor on June 28, 1519. Ghent (once Gaunt in English, Gent in Dutch, Gand in French) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of East Flanders, of which it is the capital. ... The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 16th century, roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France (Artois, Nord) and a small part of Germany. ... Events January 22 - Battle of Ridanieh. ... The house where Adrian VI was born Adrian VI (also known as Hadrian VI or Adriano VI), born Adrian dEdel (March 2, 1459 - September 14, 1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and studied under the Brethren of the Common Life either at Zwolle... The house where Adrian VI was born Adrian VI (also known as Hadrian VI or Adriano VI), born Adrian dEdel (March 2, 1459 - September 14, 1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and studied under the Brethren of the Common Life either at Zwolle... Guillermo de CroÃ¿, seÃ±or de ChiÃ¨vres (also: Carlos, Lord of ChiÃ¨vres; Carlos de ChiÃ¨vres;in Castilian, also: Xevres or Xebres) (b. ... Jean Sauvage (b. ... Portrait of Mercurino Gattinara by Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen Mercurino Arborio marchese di Gattinara (b. ... Events January 21 - Pope Julius II founds the Swiss Guard Second outbreak of the sweating sickness in England Leonardo da Vinci completes the Mona Lisa. ... Capital BesanÃ§on Area 16,202 kmÂ² Regional President Raymond Forni (PS) (since 2004) Population - 2004 estimate - 1999 census - Density (Ranked 20th) 1,133,000 1,117,059 70/kmÂ² (2004) Arrondissements 8 Cantons 116 Communes 1,786 DÃ©partements Doubs Haute-SaÃ´ne Jura Territoire de Belfort Franche-Comt... Ferdinand II of Aragon (Fernando de Aragón in Spanish and Ferran dAragó in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic (March 10, 1452 – June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Flag or PendÃ³n de Castilla A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... Joanna of Castile Joanna (Spanish: Juana) (November 6, 1479 – April 11, 1555), called the Mad (la Loca), queen of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, and was born at Toledo on November 6... Capital Zaragoza Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 kmÂ² 9,4% Population â€“ Total (2003) â€“ % of Spain â€“ Density Ranked 11th 1 217 514 2,9% 25,51/kmÂ² Demonym â€“ English â€“ Spanish Aragonese aragonÃ©s Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation â€“ Congress seats â€“ Senate... Navarre (Spanish Navarra, Basque Nafarroa) is an autonomous community and province of Spain. ... The following is a list of monarchs of Naples and Sicily: See also: List of Counts of Apulia and Calabria Hauteville Counts of Sicily, 1071-1130 Roger I 1071-1101 Simon 1101-1105 Roger II 1105-1130 Hauteville Kings of Sicily, 1130-1198 Roger II 1130-1154 William I 1154... Sicilian disambiguates here; see also Sicilian language or Sicilian Defence. ... Sardinia (Sardigna, Sardinna or Sardinnia in the Sardinian language, Sardegna in Italian, Sardenya in Catalan), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the community of Andalusia, Spain. ... Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Americas of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. ... For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ... The Americas (sometimes referred to as America) is the area including the land mass located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, generally divided into North America and South America. ... Conquistador (meaning Conqueror in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish rule between the 15th and 17th centuries. ... Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros (1436 - November 8, 1517) was a Spanish cardinal and statesman. ... The Castilian War of the Communities is also known as the Revolt of the Comuneros, and in Spanish as la Guerra de los Comunidades de Castilla. ... The Cortes Generales (English: General Courts) is the Spanish legislature. ... Portrait by Albrecht DÃ¼rer, 1519 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... Events March 4 - HernÃ¡n CortÃ©s lands in Mexico. ...

He married the Infanta Isabella in 1526, sister of John III of Portugal, who had shortly before married Catherine, Charles's sister. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2600x565, 440 KB) 180Â° panorama of Alhambra court yard. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2600x565, 440 KB) 180Â° panorama of Alhambra court yard. ... Isabella of Portugal (1503 - 1539) was princess of Portugal. ... John III (June 6, 1502â€“June 11, 1557; Portuguese: JoÃ£o III), nicknamed o Piedoso (the Pious) was the fifteenth king of Portugal. ...

He actually did not have a distinct nationality. He was: the Holy Roman emperor, duke of Austria, duke of Milan, ruler of Franche-Comte; grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella on his mother's side and thus king of Spain (title there was Charles I); king of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia, and ruler of all the Spanish possessions in the New World

Wars against France and the Reformation

Charles V initiated many wars with France during his reign, first fighting against them in Northern Italy in 1521. Later in the Italian Wars, in 1527, his troops sacked Rome, causing Charles some embarrassment but enabling him to keep the Pope from annulling the marriage of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon, who was his aunt. Download high resolution version (1202x1016, 124 KB)Plus Oultre on a gable/facade of a Flemish house in Ghent, Copyright © 2004 Kaihsu Tai File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1202x1016, 124 KB)Plus Oultre on a gable/facade of a Flemish house in Ghent, Copyright © 2004 Kaihsu Tai File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... The Italian Wars were a series of wars from 1494 to 1559 for control over the States of Italy, mainly involving France and Spain, but also involving most other European states, and the imprisonment for several months of Pope Clement VII. They started with the plotting of Ludovico Sforza of... Events January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in ZÃ¼rich by the ZÃ¼rich Reformed state church. ... The city of Rome has been sacked on several occasions. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 â€“ 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 kmÂ² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... The recently-widowed young Catherine of Aragon, by Henry VIIs court painter, Michael Sittow, c. ...

As Holy Roman Emperor, he called Martin Luther to the Diet of Worms in 1521, promising him safe conduct if he would appear. He initially dismissed Luther's idea of reformation as, "An argument between monks". He later outlawed Luther and his followers in that same year but was tied up with other concerns and unable to try to stamp out Protestantism. Luther at age 46 (Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1529) The Luther seal Martin Luther (November 10, 1483â€“February 18, 1546) was a German theologian, an Augustinian monk, and an ecclesiastical reformer whose teachings inspired the Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines and culture of the Lutheran and Protestant traditions. ... The Diet of Worms was a general assembly (a Diet) of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a small town on the Rhine river located in what is now Germany. ...

In a war supported by Henry VIII of England, in 1525, known as the battle of Pavia, Charles captured François I of France, because one of the noblemen of his Empire, Cesare Hercolani, injured the horse of the French king (Francis I of France). So Hercolani was named "the victor of the battle of Pavia" and Charles forced Francis to sign the Treaty of Madrid, in which France renounced her claims to northern Italy. When he was released, however, François I had the Parliament of Paris denounce the treaty, because it had been signed under duress. The 1529 Treaty of Cambrai (signed with France) and the Peace of Barcelona (with the Pope) confirmed Charles as Holy Roman Emperor and also allowed him to keep the lands he had acquired in Italy. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 â€“ 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 kmÂ² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, ZÃ¼rich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... In 1525 during the Battle of Pavia, Charles V (1500-1558), the Holy Roman Emperor, defeated Francis I (1494-1547), King of France, taking him prisoner after the hurting of his horse by Cesare Hercolani, and confining him in Spain. ... Francis I (French: FranÃ§ois Ier) (September 12, 1494 â€“ July 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (French: le PÃ¨re et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Cesare Hercolani was born in ForlÃ¬, Province of ForlÃ¬-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy in 1499. ... Francis I (French: FranÃ§ois Ier) (September 12, 1494 â€“ July 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (French: le PÃ¨re et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... The Treaty of Madrid was a truce signed between Francis I of France and Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and the Monarchia. ... Duress (coercion) (as a term of jurisprudence) is a possible defense, via excuse, by which a defendant may argue that they should not be held criminally liable for actions which broke the law. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... The Treaty of Cambrai is also known as the Paix des Dames (Ladies Peace). ... Combatants Holy Roman Empire, Spain Florence, France, Papal States, Republic of Venice Commanders Charles de Bourbon Francesco Guicciardini The War of the League of Cognac (1526â€“30 was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles Vâ€”primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empireâ€”and the League of Cambrai, an alliance...

1524 to 1526 saw the Peasants' Revolt in Germany and the formation of the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, and Charles delegated increasing responsibility for Germany to his brother Ferdinand while he concentrated on problems abroad. Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. ... Events January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... expanding insurgences The Peasants War (in German, der Deutsche Bauernkrieg) was a popular revolt in Europe, specifically in the Holy Roman Empire between 1524-1526 and consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a mass of economic as well as religious revolts by peasants, townsfolk and... The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive league of Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-16th century. ... Ferdinand I Habsburg Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (March 10, 1503 â€“ July 27, 1564) was one of the Habsburg emperors that at various periods during his life ruled over Austria, Germany, Bohemia and Hungary. ...

Wars against the Ottoman Empire

He had been fighting with the Ottoman Empire and its sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, for a number of years. The expeditions of the Ottoman force along the Mediterranean coast posed a threat to Habsburg lands and the peace of Western Europe. In Central Europe, the Turkish advance was halted at Vienna in 1529, which they besieged unsuccessfully. In 1535 Charles won an important victory at Tunis, but in 1536 Francis I of France allied himself with Suleiman against Charles. While Francis was persuaded to sign a peace treaty in 1538, he again allied himself with the Ottomans in 1542. In 1543 Charles allied himself with Henry VIII and forced Francis to sign the Truce of Crepy-en-Laonnois. Charles later signed a humiliating treaty with the Ottomans, to gain him some respite from the huge expenses of their war. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (738x886, 98 KB)Charles V at MÃ¼hlberg, painted by Titian in 1548. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (738x886, 98 KB)Charles V at MÃ¼hlberg, painted by Titian in 1548. ... The Battle of MÃ¼hlberg was a large battle in which the Holy Roman Empire decisively dismantled the Schmalkaldic League. ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Titian. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman I (modern Turkish: SÃ¼leyman; Arabic: SulaymÄn) (November 6, 1494 â€“ 5/6 September 1566), known in Europe as the Magnificent and in the Islamic world as the Lawgiver (in Turkish Kanuni; Arabic: , al-QÄnÅ«nÄ«), was the tenth Osmanli sultan of the Ottoman Empire... Historical lands and provinces in Central Europe Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viËn]; Hungarian: BÃ©cs, Czech: VÃdeÅˆ, Slovak: ViedeÅˆ, Romany Vidnya; Serbian: BeÄ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine states (Land Wien). ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... The Siege of Vienna of 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, represented the farthest Westward advance into Central Europe of the Ottoman Empire, and of all the clashes between the armies of Christianity and Islam might be signaled as the battle that finally stemmed the previously... Events January 18 - Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro April - Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga (now Montreal) June 24 - The Anabaptist state of MÃ¼nster (see MÃ¼nster Rebellion) is conquered and disbanded. ... Events February 2 - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 â€“ 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ...

The Council of Trent and other reforms

In 1545 the opening of the Council of Trent began the Counter-Reformation, and Charles won to the Catholic cause some of the princes of the Holy Roman Empire. He also attacked the Schmalkaldic League in 1546 and defeated John Frederick, Elector of Saxony and imprisoned Philip of Hesse in 1547. At the Augsburg Interim in 1548 he created a doctrinal compromise that he felt Catholics and Protestants alike might share. A more permanent settlement followed with the 1555 Peace of Augsburg. Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... The Council of Trent (Italian: Trento) was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held in discontinuous sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Protestant Reformation. ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive league of Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-16th century. ... // Events Spanish conquest of Yucatan Peace between England and France Foundation of Trinity College, Cambridge by Henry VIII of England Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg Science Architecture Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. ... Johann Friedrich I, Elector of Saxony (30 June 1503 - 3 March 1554), called John the Magnanimous, was head of the Protestant Confederation of Germany (the Schmalkaldic League), Champion of the Reformation. He was the son of John the Steadfast of Saxony and born in Torgau, Germany. ... Philipp I of Hesse Philipp I, Landgraf von Hessen, the Magnanimous (13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567), was a leading champion of the Reformation and one of the most important German rulers of the Renaissance. ... Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty signed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League on September 25, 1555 at the city of Augsburg in Germany. ...

In 1549 he made the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands (Low Countries) an entity separate from both the Empire and from France (the "Pragmatic Sanction of 1549"). File links The following pages link to this file: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ... File links The following pages link to this file: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 16th century, roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France (Artois, Nord) and a small part of Germany. ... A pragmatic sanction is a sovereigns solemn decree on a matter of primary importance and has the force of fundamental law. ...

In 1550, Charles convened a conference at Valladolid in order to consider the morality of the force used against the indigenous populations of Spanish America. Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Plaza Mayor and city hall, Valladolid The unfinished cathedral and the Plaza de Cervantes, near the University of Valladolid The church of Santa MarÃa la Antigua, Valladolid Valladolid is an industrial city in central Spain, upon the Rio Pisuerga. ...

In 1555, his mother, the Queen of Castile, died. Thus, he finally obtained the full kingship of that country.

Abdication and later life

In 1556 Charles abdicated his various positions, giving his personal empire to his son, Philip II of Spain, and the Holy Empire to his brother, Ferdinand. Charles retired to the monastery of Yuste (Extremadura, Spain) and is thought to have had a nervous breakdown. In the last two years of his life he suffered from gout. He died in 1558. His grandson, king Philip III of Spain buried the emperor in the Royal Pantheon of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, northwest of Madrid. Image File history File links i would like to see some quotations by or about goebbels. ... Wikiquote logo Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Philip II of Spain Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II de Habsburg; Portuguese: Filipe I) (Born: May 21, 1526; Died: September 13, 1598) was the first official King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, king of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1558, and King of Portugal (as Philip I) from... Ferdinand I Habsburg Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (March 10, 1503 â€“ July 27, 1564) was one of the Habsburg emperors that at various periods during his life ruled over Austria, Germany, Bohemia and Hungary. ... Yuste (or Cuacos de Yuste) is a small village in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Philip III of Spain Philip III (Spanish: Felipe III) (April 14, 1578 â€“ March 31, 1621) was the king of Spain and Portugal (as Philip II Portuguese: Filipe II), from 1598 until his death. ... The Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (in Spanish, Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial) is an immense palace, monastery, museum, and library complex located at San Lorenzo de El Escorial (also San Lorenzo del Escorial), a town 45 kilometres (28 miles) northwest of Madrid in... Plaza de Cibeles (Cibeles square) and the Palacio de Comunicaciones (Communications Palace) Coat of arms Madrid, the capital of Spain, is located in the center of the country at 40Â°25Â´N 3Â°45Â´W. Population of Madrid city was 3,093,000 (Madrilenes, madrileÃ±os) as of 2003 estimates. ...

Contents

Family and nationality

Early life

Wars against France and the Reformation

Wars against the Ottoman Empire

The Council of Trent and other reforms

Abdication and later life

See also

External link

Contents

Family and nationality GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Early life

Wars against France and the Reformation

Wars against the Ottoman Empire

The Council of Trent and other reforms

Abdication and later life

See also

External link

Family and nationality