Spanish forces had placed him on the Neapolitan Throne and he was surrounded by Spanish advisers or men whose dislike of the Habsburg Viceroys administering their state on behalf of an absentee Sovereign, had led them to support the Spanish invasion and the accession of Charles as their King. Italian writers, however, have ignored the influence of King Philip and Charles's extensive correspondence with his father, and the names of those knights of Saint Januarius whose nominations were made at the instigation of King Philip. Don Achille Di Lorenzo, author of the 1963 Roll of the Order (an updated and corrected version of which is to be published by ourselves), not only omits these names but in a subsequent publication stated that he could not consider them legal since, in his view, a foreign sovereign could not intervene in the affairs of another Kingdom.
King Charles I of Sicily (Charles of Anjou) was forced to leave the island of Sicily by Peter III of Aragon's troops.
Charles, however, maintained his possessions on the mainland, customarily known as the "Kingdom of Naples."Charles and his Angevin successors maintained a claim to Sicily, warring against the Aragonese until in 1373, Queen Joan I of Naples formally renounced the claim.
Joan II of Naples adopted Alfons V of Aragon (whom she later repudiated) and Louis III of Anjou as heirs alternately, finally settling succession on Louis' son René of Anjou (later René I of Naples) of the junior Angevin line.
Charles III (January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was king of Spain 1759–1788 (as Carlos III de Borbon), King of the Two Sicilies 1735–1759 (as Carlo VII), and Duke of Parma 1732–1735 (as Carlo I).
Charles was a thorough despot of the benevolent order, and had been deeply offended by the real or suspected share of the Jesuits in the riot of 1766.
In spite of his hostility to the Jesuits, his dislike of friars in general, and his jealousy of the Spanish Inquisition, he was a very sincere Roman Catholic, and showed much zeal in endeavouring to persuade the pope to proclaim the Immaculate Conception as a dogma necessary to salvation.
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