Charles Victor de Bonstetten (1745-1832), Swiss writer, an excellent type of a liberal patrician and a good representative of the Gallicized Bern of the 18th century. Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected Holy Roman Emperor with... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Swiss Confederation or Switzerland is a landlocked federal state in Europe, with neighbours Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. ... In politics, the term liberal refers to: an adherent of the ideology of liberalism or a state or quality of this ideology. ... For other uses, see Bern (disambiguation). ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

By birth a member of one of the great patrician families of Bern, he was educated in his native town, at Yverdon, and (1763-1766) at Geneva, where he came under the influence of Rousseau and of Charles Bonnet, and imbibed liberal sentiments. Recalled to Bern by his father, he was soon sent to Leiden, and then visited (1769) England, where he became a friend of the poet Gray. After his father's death (1770) he made a long journey in Italy, and on his return to Bern (1774) entered political life, for which he was unfitted by reason of his liberal ideas, which led him to patronize and encourage Johannes von Müller, the future Swiss historian. Yverdon-les-Bains is a town in the Vaud canton of Switzerland, located on the northwestern shore of Lake Neuchâtel. ... Coat of arms of the Canton of Geneva Coat of arms of the City of Geneva Geneva (French: Genève, German: Genf, Italian: Ginevra, Romansh Genevra, Spanish: Ginebra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zurich), located where Lake Geneva (French: Lac de Genève or Lac L... Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean Jacques Rousseau (June 28, 1712 – July 2, 1778) was a French philosopher, writer, political theorist, and self-taught composer of The Age of Enlightenment. ... Bonnet Charles Bonnet (March 13, 1720 - May 20, 1793), Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer, was born at Geneva, of a French family driven into Switzerland by the religious persecution in the 16th century. ... Leiden (in English also, but now rarely, Leyden) is a city and municipality in South Holland, The Netherlands. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... For the recipient of the Victoria Cross, see Thomas Gray (VC) Thomas Gray (December 26, 1716 - July 30, 1771), English poet, classical scholar, and professor of History at Cambridge University. ... Johannes von Müller ( January 3, 1752 - May 29, 1809), Swiss historian, was born at Neunkirch, near Schaffhausen, where his father was pastor. ... Generally speaking, a historian is a person who studies history. ...

In 1779 he was named the Bernese bailiff of Saanen or Gessenay (here he wrote his Lettres pastorales sur une contrie de la Suisse, published in German in 1781), and in 1787 was transferred in a similar capacity to Nyon, from which post he had to retire after taking part (1791) in a festival to celebrate the destruction of the Bastille. From 1795 to 1797 he governed (for the Swiss Confederation) the Italian-speaking districts of Lugano, Locarno, Mendrisio and Val Maggia, of which he published (1797) a pleasing description, and into which he is said to have introduced the cultivation of the potato. Events The Iron Bridge is completed across the Severn river in Shropshire; the first all cast-iron bridge ever constructed. ... Saanen is a municipality of the Canton of Berne, Switzerland. ... German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. ... For Bastille Linux, a hardening application, see Bastille Linux. ... Lugano in the 1900s Lugano is a city in south-east Switzerland, in the Italian speaking canton of Ticino, which borders Italy. ... Locarno is a city located on Lake Maggiore (Lago Maggiore) in the southern Swiss canton of Ticino, close to Ascona. ... Mendrisio is a city in the Southern part of Switzerland, in Canton Ticino. ... Valle Maggia (Maggia Valley) is a valley of the Maggia River in Ticino, the Italian canton of Switzerland. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ...

The French revolution of 1798 in Switzerland drove him again into private life. He spent the years 1798 to 1801 in Denmark, with his friend Fredirika Brun, and then settled down in 1803 in Geneva for the rest of his life. There he enjoyed the society of many distinguished persons, among whom was (1809-1817) Madame de Staël. It was during this period that he published his most celebrated work, L'Homme du midi et l'homme du nord (1824), a study of the influence of climate on different nations, the north being exalted at the expense of the south. Among his other works are the Recherches sur la nature et les lois de l'imagination (1807), and the Etudes de l'homme, ou Recherches sur les facultés de penser et de sentir (1821), but he was better as an observer than. as a philosopher. The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... The Kingdom of Denmark is geographically the smallest Nordic country and is part of the European Union. ... Madame de Staël Anne Louise Germaine de Staël ( April 22, 1766 – July 14, 1817) was a French author who determined literary tastes of Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. ...

Lives by A Steinlen (Lausanne, 1860), by C Morell (Winterthur, 1861), and by R Willy (Bern, 1898). See also vol. xiv. of Sainte Beuve's Causeries du Lundi. Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (December 23, 1804 – October 13, 1869) was a literary critic and one of the major figures of French literary history. ...

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...