NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Charles XIV of Sweden

King Charles XIV of Sweden, Charles III of Norway, or domestically Karl XIV Johan and Carl III Johan respectively, Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (January 26, 1763 – March 8, 1844) was born at Pau, France, the son of Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780), procurator at Pau, and Jeanne St. Jean (1725-1809). His Christian names were Jean Baptiste (the Jules, from Julius Caesar, was added later, in the spirit of the French Revolution). The family name was originally Deu Pouey, but was changed into Bernadotte at the beginning of the 17th century. January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February 10 - French and Indian War: The 1763 Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Great Britain. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Château de Pau Pau is a city of southwestern France, préfecture (capital) of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département. ... Events 24 February -- The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Painting of Gaius Julius Caesar Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: C·IVLIVS·C·F·C·N·CAESAR¹) (July 12 or July 13, 100 BC – March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader whose conquest of Gallia Comata extended the Roman world all the way... The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... The House of Bernadotte, the current Royal House of the Kingdom of Sweden, has reigned since 1818. ...

Portrait: Charles XIV of Sweden This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Royal mottos or Valspråk of the Swedish monarchs has been a tradition since first used by Gustav I of Sweden, in the early 16th century. ... Her Majesty Queen Desideria of Sweden and Norway (Bernhardine Eugenie Désirée Bernadotte, née Clary, November 8, 1777 - December 17, 1860) was the wife of King Charles XIV of Sweden and a one-time fiancée of Napoleon Bonaparte. ... The term Royal House refers to the official designation and name of a royal family instead of surname. ... The House of Bernadotte, the current Royal House of the Kingdom of Sweden, has reigned since 1818. ... Charles XIII, Karl XIII, or Carl II, (1748-1818), king of Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748. ... King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway, Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte ( July 4, 1799 - July 8, 1859) was the only son of General Bernadotte, afterwards King Charles XIV of Sweden and Norway, and his wife, Eugenie Desirée Clary, afterwards Queen Desideria. ... January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February 10 - French and Indian War: The 1763 Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Great Britain. ... Château de Pau Pau is a city of southwestern France, préfecture (capital) of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Stockholm Palace, or Stockholms slott, is the royal palace and official residence of the Swedish monarch, in Stockholm. ... Riddarholmskyrkan, as seen from the east Riddarholmskyrkan, or the Church of Riddarholmen, is the burial church of the Swedish monarchy. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

Military career

Bernadotte entered the French Army on September 3, 1780, and first saw service in Corsica. On the outbreak of the French Revolution his eminent military qualities brought him speedy promotion. In 1794 we find him as brigadier attached to the army of the Sambre et Meuse, and after Jourdan's victory at Fleurus (26 June 1794) he became a general of division. At the battle of Theiningen (1796), Bernadotte contributed, more than any one else, to the successful retreat of the French army over the Rhine after its defeat by the Archduke Charles of Austria. In 1797 he brought reinforcements from the Rhine to Bonaparte's army in Italy, distinguishing himself greatly at the passage of the Tagliamento, and in 1798 served as ambassador to Vienna, but had to quit his post owing to the disturbances caused by his hoisting the tricolour over the embassy. The French Army (Armée de Terre, Ground Army) is one component in the Military of France. ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years). ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the Mediterranean island. ... The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Jean-Baptiste, Count Jourdan (April 29, 1762 - November 23, 1833), was a marshal of France. ... The Battle of Fleurus, fought on June 26, 1794 was one of the most decisive battles in the Low Countries during the French, under Jourdan were able to more effectively concentrate their forces in order to achieve victory against the Austrian army under Saxe-Cobourg. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Rhine canyon (Ruinaulta) in Graubünden in Switzerland Length 1,320 km Elevation of the source Vorderrhein: approx. ... Archduke Charles Archduke Charles of Austria (Erzherzog Karl) ( September 5, 1771 - April 30, 1847) was the younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. Despite being epileptic, Charles achieved respect both as a commander and as a reformer of Austrias army. ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Bonaparte as general Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the city and federal state in Austria. ... A tricolour is a flag or banner having three colours, usually in approximately equal size (horizontally or vertically) and lacking additional symbols. ... A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ...

On 16 August 1798 he married Desirée Clary (1777-1860), the daughter of a Marseilles silk merchant, and sister of Joseph Bonaparte's wife Julie Clary. From July 2 to September 14 he was Minister of War, in which capacity he displayed great ability. About this time he held aloof from Bonaparte, but though he declined to help Napoleon in the preparations for the coup d'état of November 1799, he accepted employment from the Consulate, and from April 1800 to August 18, 1801 commanded the army in the Vendée. August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Her Majesty Queen Desideria of Sweden and Norway (Bernhardine Eugenie Désirée Bernadotte, née Clary, November 8, 1777 - December 17, 1860) was the wife of King Charles XIV of Sweden and a one-time fiancée of Napoleon Bonaparte. ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Marseilles redirects here. ... Joseph Bonaparte (January 7, 1768—July 28, 1844) was the eldest brother of the French Emperor Napoleon I, who made him King of Naples (1806–1808) and Spain (1808–1813). ... (Marie) Julie Clary (December 26, 1771 - April 7, 1845) was the daughter of François Clary (1725-1794), a wealthy Marseilles soap manufacturer and his second wife Françoise Rose Somis (1737-1815). ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). ... This page is a list of French defence ministers. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Consulate marks a period of French constitutional history between 1799 and 1804 - from the fall of the Directory to the start of the Napoleonic Empire. ... --66. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1801 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Vendée is a département in west central France, on the Atlantics Bay of Biscay. ...

On the introduction of the Empire Bernadotte became one of the eighteen Marshals of France, and, from June 1804 to September 1805, he acted as governor of the recently-occupied Hanover. During the campaign of 1805, Bernadotte with an army corps from Hanover co-operated in the great movement which resulted in the shutting up of Mack in Ulm. As a reward for his services at Austerlitz (December 2, 1805) he became Prince of Ponte Corvo (June 5, 1806), but during the campaign against Prussia, in the same year, was severely reproached by Napoleon for not participating with his army corps in the battles of Jena and Auerstädt, though close at hand. In 1808, as governor of the Hanseatic towns, he was to have directed the expedition against Sweden, via the Danish islands, but the plan came to nought because of the want of transports and the defection of the Spanish contingent. In the war against Austria, Bernadotte led the Saxon contingent at the Battle of Wagram (6 July 1809), on which occasion, on his own initiative, he issued an order of the day attributing the victory principally to the valour of his Saxons, which order Napoleon at once disavowed. It was during the middle of that battle that Marshal Bernadotte was stripped of his command after retreating against Napoleon's orders. The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire, the Napoleonic Empire or simply as The Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... The title of marshal of France (maréchal de France) was derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by Philippe Auguste for Albéric Clément (circa 1190). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Alternate meanings: Hanover (district), Hanover (region), Hanover (state), other uses Map of Germany showing Hanover Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the Leine river, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) in Germany. ... Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich (August 25, 1752 - December 22, 1828), Austrian soldier, was born at Nenslingen, in Bavaria. ... Ulm is a city in Germany, part of the Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg (about 100 km south-east of Stuttgart). ... At the Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805), during the Napoleonic War of the Third Coalition, a French force of approximately 73,000 under Napoleon decisively defeated a joint Russo_Austrian force of over 89,000, commanded by Russian General Kutuzov with General von Weyrother commanding the Austrian contingent. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ponte Corvo is a town in Latium, Italy. ... June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... Events January 8 - Cape Colony becomes a British colony January 10 - Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British January 19 - The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope February 6 - Royal Navy victory off Santo Domingo - see:Action of 6 February 1806 March 23 - After traveling through the... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... The Battle of Jena was fought on October 14, 1806, in Jena, in todays Germany, and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon Bonaparte against the Prussians under General Hohenlohe. ... The Battle of Auerstädt, was fought on 14 October 1806, and resulted in a French victory under marshall Davout against the Prussians under General Brunswick. ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The foundations of the Hanseatic League (German: Hanse), an alliance of trading cities that for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period maintained a trade monopoly over most of Northern Europe and the Baltic, can be seen as early as the 12th century, with the... -1... The Battle of Wagram, around the isle of Lobau on the Danube and on the plain of the Marchfeld around the village of Wagram 15 km north east of Vienna, Austria, took place on July 5 and 6, 1809 and resulted in the decisive victory of French forces under Napoleon... July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...

Offer of the Swedish throne

Bernadotte, considerably piqued, thereupon returned to Paris, where the council of ministers entrusted him with the defence of the Netherlands against the English. In 1810 he was about to enter upon his new post of governor of Rome when he was, unexpectedly, elected heir to King Charles XIII of Sweden, partly because a large part of the Swedish Army, in view of future complications with Russia, were in favour of electing a soldier, and partly because Bernadotte was very popular in Sweden, owing to the kindness he had shown to the Swedish prisoners during the late war with Denmark. The matter was decided by one of the Swedish couriers, Baron Karl Otto Mörner, who, entirely on his own initiative, offered the succession to the Swedish crown to Bernadotte. Bernadotte communicated Mörner's offer to Napoleon, who treated the whole affair as an absurdity. Bernadotte thereupon informed Mörner that he would not refuse the honour if he were duly elected. Although the Swedish government, amazed at Mörner's effrontery, at once placed him under arrest on his return to Sweden, the candidature of Bernadotte gradually gained favour there, and, on August 21, 1810, he was elected Crown Prince. The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Location within Italy The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin: Roma) is the capital city of Italy and of its Latium region. ... Charles XIII, Karl XIII, or Carl II, (1748-1818), king of Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748. ... The Swedish Army, or Armén is the army branch of the Swedish Armed Forces, the military of Sweden. ... Baron Karl Otto Mörner was a Swedish courier who offered the succession to the Swedish crown to Jean Baptiste Bernadotte (future Charles XIV of Sweden) in 1810. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... The Swedish Senate: Riksrådet, from 1809 Statsrådet, from 1975 Regeringen was and is the principal government institution of Sweden The Swedish Senate, Senatus Regni Sueciae, originated as a council of Regional Magnates acting as advisers to the Monarch of the combined Realms of the Swedes (from 996, approximately). ... August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A Crown Prince or Crown Princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. ...

Portrait: Charles XIV of Sweden 2 This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Portrait: Charles XIV of Sweden 2 This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ...

Crown Prince and Regent

On the November 2 Bernadotte made his solemn entry into Stockholm, and on the November 5 he received the homage of the estates and was adopted by Charles XIII under the name of "Charles John". The new crown prince was very soon the most popular and the most powerful man in Sweden. The infirmity of the old king and the dissensions in the Privy Council placed the government, and especially the control of foreign affairs, entirely in his hands. The keynote of his whole policy was the acquisition of Norway and Bernadotte proved anything but a puppet of France. In 1813 he allied Sweden with Napoleon's enemies Britain and Prussia of the Sixth Coalition, in order to secure this. After the defeats of Lützen (2 May 1813) and Bautzen (21 May 1813), it was the Swedish crown prince who put fresh heart into the allies; and at the conference of Trachenberg he drew up the general plan for the campaign which began after the expiration of the truce of Plaswitz. Charles John, as commander-in-chief of the northern army, successfully defended the approaches to Berlin against Oudinot in August and against Ney in September; but after Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and secure Norway. November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled. ... Charles XIII, Karl XIII, or Carl II, (1748-1818), king of Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748. ... The Swedish Senate: Riksrådet, from 1809 Statsrådet, from 1975 Regeringen was and is the principal government institution of Sweden The Swedish Senate, Senatus Regni Sueciae, originated as a council of Regional Magnates acting as advisers to the Monarch of the combined Realms of the Swedes (from 996, approximately). ... This article is about a journal. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... The Sixth Coalition (1812-1814) was a coalition of the United Kingdom, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Austria and a number of German States against Napoleonic France. ... This Battle of Lützen happened as Napoleons army was on the way home from its Russian disaster. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Battle of Bautzen was fought on May 21, French victory under Napoléon Bonaparte against the Kingdom of Prussians and Russians. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Berlin (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. ... Nicolas Charles Oudinot (April 25, 1767 - September 13, 1847), duke of Reggio, was a marshal of France. ... Map of battle by 18 October 1813, from Meyers Encyclopaedia The Battle of Leipzig (October 16-19, 1813), also called the Battle of the Nations, was the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars and one of the worst defeats suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte. ... Artists rendition of the Norwegian constitutional assembly in 1814 1814 was a pivotal year in Norwegian history. ...

King of Sweden and Norway

As unional king, Charles XIV John, who succeeded to that title in 1818 following the death of Charles XIII, was popular in both countries. Though his ultra-conservative views were detested, and as far as possible opposed, especially after 1823, his dynasty was never in serious danger, and Swedes and Norwegians alike were proud of a monarch with a European reputation. It is true that the Riksdag of the Estates of 1840 meditated compelling him to abdicate, but the storm blew over and his jubilee was celebrated with great enthusiasm in 1843. His reign saw the completion of the southern Göta kanal begun 22 years earlier to link Lake Vänern to the sea at Söderköping 180 miles to the east. Though he converted from Catholicism to the Lutheranism of the Swedish court on his adoption, he never learned to speak Swedish nor Norwegian. This in itself was not a serious obstacle for either King or Court. The Court had no problem with speaking French as it had been a favorite language in the Aristocracy for many years and was widely spoken in those days. 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Conservatism or political conservatism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Göta Kanal is a Swedish canal constructed in the early 19th century. ... Lake Vänern Vänern is the largest lake in Sweden, and the third largest lake in Europe, covering an area of 5,655 km². Its main tributary is Klarälven, which flows into the lake near the city of Karlstadt. ... Söderköping is a Municipality in Östergötland County, in southeast Sweden. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ...

He died at Stockholm on March 8, 1844. His reign was one of uninterrupted peace, and the great material development of the two kingdoms during the first half of the 19th century was largely due to his energy and foresight. He was succeeded by his son, Oscar I of Sweden and Norway. March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway, Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte ( July 4, 1799 - July 8, 1859) was the only son of General Bernadotte, afterwards King Charles XIV of Sweden and Norway, and his wife, Eugenie Desirée Clary, afterwards Queen Desideria. ...

After his death it was found a tattoo on his body saying "Mort aux rois!" ("Death to kings!") which was made (most likely) during French Revolution. The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ...

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...

Military career

Offer of the Swedish throne

Crown Prince and Regent

King of Sweden and Norway

See also

External links

Military career GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Offer of the Swedish throne

Crown Prince and Regent

King of Sweden and Norway

See also

External links

Military career