Charles de Freycinet, Prime Minister of France

Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (November 14, 1828 - May 14, 1923) was a French statesman and prime minister. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining. ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Early Career

He was born at Foix and educated at the École Polytechnique. He entered the government service as a mining engineer (see X-Mines). In 1858 he was appointed traffic manager to the Compagnie de chemins de fer du Midi, a post in which he showed a remarkable talent for organization, and in 1862 returned to the engineering service, attaining in 1886 the rank of inspector-general. He was sent on several special scientific missions, including one to the UK, on which he wrote a notable Mémoire sur le travail des femmes et des enfants dans les manufactures de l'Angleterre (1867). Foix is a small town and commune, the préfecture (capital) of the Ariège département in France. ... The cadets of Polytechnique rushed to the defense of Paris against the foreign armies in 1814. ... The Corps of Mines is the foremost of the great technical corps of the French state. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

On the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870, he offered his services to Léon Gambetta, was appointed prefect of the department of Tarn-et-Garronne, and in October became chief of the military cabinet. It was mainly his powers of organization that enabled Gambetta to raise army after army to oppose the invading Germans. He showed himself a strategist of no mean order; but the policy of dictating operations to the generals in the field was not attended with happy results. The friction between him and General d'Aurelle de Paladines resulted in the loss of the advantage temporarily gained at Orleans, and he was responsible for the campaign in the east, which ended in the destruction of Bourbaki's army. 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Painting of Léon Gambetta by Léon Bonnat Léon Gambetta (April 2, 1838 - December 31, 1882), French statesman, was born at Cahors. ... Louis Jean-Baptiste dAurelle de Paladines (9 January 1804 - 17 December 1877) was a French general. ... Charles Denis Sauter Bourbaki ( April 22, 1816 - September 27, 1897) was a French general. ...

In Government

In 1871 he published a defence of his administration under the title of La Guerre en province pendant le siege de Paris. He entered the Senate in 1876 as a follower of Gambetta, and in December 1877 became minister of public works in the Dufaure cabinet. He carried a great scheme for the gradual acquisition of the railways by the state and the construction of new lines at a cost of three milliards, and for the development of the canal system at a further cost of one milliard. He retained his post in the ministry of Waddington, whom he succeeded in December 1879 as president of the council and minister for foreign affairs. He passed an amnesty for the communards, but in attempting to steer a middle course on the question of the religious associations, lost Gambetta's support, and resigned in September 1880. 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (December 4, 1798 - June 28, 1881) was a French statesman. ... William Henry Waddington, French statesman William Henry Waddington (December 11, 1826 - January 13, 1894) was a French statesman who was Prime Minister in 1879. ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

In January 1882 he again became president of the council and minister for foreign affairs. His refusal to join England in the bombardment of Alexandria was the death-knell of French influence in Egypt. He attempted to compromise by occupying the Isthmus of Suez, but the vote of credit was rejected in the Chamber by 417 votes to 75, and the ministry resigned. He returned to office in April 1885 as foreign minister in Henri Brisson's cabinet, and retained that post when, in January 1886, he succeeded to the premiership. 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport Located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, Alexandria (in Arabic, الإسكندرية, transliterated al-ʼIskandariyyah) is the chief seaport in Egypt, and that countrys second largest city, and the capital of the Al Iskandariyah governate. ... Eugène Henri Brisson (July 31, 1835 - April 14, 1912) was a French statesman, prime minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898. ...

He came to power with an ambitious programme of internal reform; but apart from settling the question of the exiled pretenders, his successes were chiefly in the sphere of colonial extension. In spite of his unrivalled skill as a parliamentary tactician, he failed to keep his party together, and was defeated on December 3 1886. In the following year, after two unsuccessful attempts to construct new ministries, he stood for the presidency of the republic; but the radicals, to whom his opportunism was distasteful, turned the scale against him by transferring the votes to Sadi Carnot. December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Marie François Sadi-Carnot, President of France Marie François Sadi Carnot (August 11, 1837 - June 24, 1894) was a French statesman, the fourth president of the third French Republic. ...

Minister of War

In April 1888 he became minister of war in Charles Floquet's cabinet--the first civilian since 1848 to hold that office. His services to France in this capacity were the crowning achievement of his life, and he enjoyed the conspicuous honour of holding his office without a break for five years through as many successive administrations--those of Floquet and Pierre Tirard, his own fourth ministry (March 1890-February 1892), and the Loubet and Ribot ministries. To him were due the introduction of the three-years' service and the establishment of a general staff, a supreme council of war, and the army commands. His premiership was marked by heated debates on the clerical question, and it was a hostile vote on his Bill against the religious associations that caused the fall of his cabinet. He failed to clear himself entirely of complicity in the Panama scandals, and in January 1893 resigned the ministry of war. 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Charles Floquet, French politician Charles Thomas Floquet (October 2, 1828 - January 18, 1896) was a French statesman. ... French statesman Pierre Tirard Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (September 27, 1827 - November 4, 1893) was a French politician. ... Painting of French statesman Émile Loubet by Fernand-Anne Piestre Émile François Loubet (December 30, 1838 - December 20, 1929) was a French politician, 7th president of the French republic. ... Alexandre Ribot, French politician Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (February 7, 1842 - January 13, 1923) was a French statesman, four times Prime Minister. ... The Panama scandals was a corruption affair in France in the late 19th century, linked to the building of the Panama Canal. ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

In November 1898 he once more became minister of war in the Dupuy cabinet, but resigned office on May 6, 1899. French politician Charles Dupuy Charles Alexandre Dupuy (November 5, 1851 - 1923) was a French statesman, three times prime minister. ... May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (127th in leap years). ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Writings

He published, besides the works already mentioned:

• Traité de mécanique rationnelle (1858)
• De l'analyse infinitesimale (1860, revised ed., 1881)
• Des pentes économiques en chemin defer (1861)
• Emploi des eaux d'égout en agriculture (1869)
• Principes de l'assainissement des villes (1870)
• Traité d'assainissement industriel (1870)
• Essai sur la philosophie des sciences (1896)
• La Question d'Egypte (1905)
• some remarkable Pensées contributed to the Contemporain under the pseudonym of "Alceste."

In 1882 he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, and in 1890 to the French Academy in succession to Émile Augier. He died in 1923. 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Académie française, or French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ... Guillaume Victor Émile Augier (September 17, 1820 - October 25, 1889), was a French dramatist. ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Freycinet's 1st Ministry, 28 December 1879 - 22 September 1880

• Charles de Freycinet - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Jean Joseph Frédéric Farre - Minister of War
• Charles Lepère - Minister of the Interior and Worship
• Pierre Magnin - Minister of Finance
• Jules Cazot - Minister of Justice
• Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry - Minister of Marine and Colonies
• Jules Ferry - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
• Henri Varroy - Minister of Public Works
• Adolphe Cochery - Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
• Pierre Tirard - Minister of Agriculture and Commerce

Changes December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This page is a list of French prime ministers. ... In 1589, the four French Secretaries of State became specialized, with one of the secretaries responsible for foreign affairs. ... This page is a list of French defence ministers. ... This page is a list of French interior ministers. ... This page is a list of French finance ministers. ... This page is a list of French justice ministers. ... Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry (26 August 1815 - 21 October 1887) was a French admiral and statesman. ... One of ancien régime Frances Secretaries of State was entrusted with control of the French Navy. ... Jules Ferry, French statesman Jules François Camille Ferry (April 5, 1832 – March 17, 1893) was a French statesman. ... This page is a list of French education ministers. ... Louis-Adolphe Cochery (1819-1900), French statesman, was born at Paris. ... French statesman Pierre Tirard Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (September 27, 1827 - November 4, 1893) was a French politician. ...

• 17 May 1880 - Ernest Constans succeeds Lepère as Minister of the Interior and Worship.

May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Jean Antoine Ernest Constans (1833 - 1913), French statesman, was born at Béziers. ...

Freycinet's 2nd Ministry, 30 January - 7 August 1882

• Charles de Freycinet - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Jean-Baptiste Billot - Minister of War
• René Goblet - Minister of the Interior
• Léon Say - Minister of Finance
• Gustave Humbert - Minister of Justice and Worship
• Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry - Minister of Marine and Colonies
• Jules Ferry - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
• François de Mahy - Minister of Agriculture
• Henri Varroy - Minister of Public Works
• Adolphe Cochery - Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
• Pierre Tirard - Minister of Commerce

January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... René Goblet, French statesman René Goblet (November 26, 1828 - September 13, 1905) was a French politician, first minister of France for a period in 1886-1887. ... Jean-Baptiste Léon Say (June 6, 1826 - April 21, 1896), French statesman and economist, was born in Paris. ... Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry (26 August 1815 - 21 October 1887) was a French admiral and statesman. ... Jules Ferry, French statesman Jules François Camille Ferry (April 5, 1832 – March 17, 1893) was a French statesman. ... Louis-Adolphe Cochery (1819-1900), French statesman, was born at Paris. ... French statesman Pierre Tirard Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (September 27, 1827 - November 4, 1893) was a French politician. ...

Freycinet's 3rd Ministry, 7 January - 11 December 1886

• Charles de Freycinet - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Georges Boulanger - Minister of War
• Ferdinand Sarrien - Minister of the Interior
• Sadi Carnot - Minister of Finance
• Charles Demôle - Minister of Justice
• Théophile Aube - Minister of Marine and Colonies
• René Goblet - Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship
• Jules Develle - Minister of Agriculture
• Charles Baïhaut - Minister of Public Works
• Félix Granet - Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
• Édouard Locroy - Minister of Commerce and Industry

Changes January 7 is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... General Georges Boulanger Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (April 29, 1837 - September 30, 1891) was a French general and reactionary politician. ... Ferdinand Sarrien, French politician Jean Marie Ferdinand Sarrien (1840-1915) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Marie François Sadi-Carnot, President of France Marie François Sadi Carnot (August 11, 1837 - June 24, 1894) was a French statesman, the fourth president of the third French Republic. ... René Goblet, French statesman René Goblet (November 26, 1828 - September 13, 1905) was a French politician, first minister of France for a period in 1886-1887. ... Jules Develle (1845-1919) was a French politician. ...

• 4 November 1886 - Édouard Millaud succeeds Baïhaut as Minister of Public Works

November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ...

Freycinet's 4th Ministry, 17 March 1890 - 27 February 1892

• Charles de Freycinet - President of the Council and Minister of War
• Alexandre Ribot - Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Ernest Constans - Minister of the Interior
• Maurice Rouvier - Minister of Finance
• Armand Fallières - Minister of Justice and Worship
• Jules Roche - Minister of the Colonies and of Commerce and Industry
• Édouard Barbey - Minister of Marine
• Léon Bourgeois - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
• Jules Develle - Minister of Agriculture
• Yves Guyot - Minister of Public Works

March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Alexandre Ribot, French politician Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (February 7, 1842 - January 13, 1923) was a French statesman, four times Prime Minister. ... Jean Antoine Ernest Constans (1833 - 1913), French statesman, was born at Béziers. ... Maurice Rouvier, French statesman Maurice Rouvier (April 17, 1842 - June 7, 1911) was a French statesman. ... Armand Fallières, French statesman Clément Armand Fallières (November 6, 1841 - June 22, 1931), was a French politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913. ... French politician Léon Bourgeois Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois (May 21, 1851 - September 29, 1925) was a French statesman. ... Jules Develle (1845-1919) was a French politician. ... Yves Guyot (September 6, 1843 - 1928), French politician and economist was born at Dinan. ...

William Henry Waddington, French statesman William Henry Waddington (December 11, 1826 - January 13, 1894) was a French statesman. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Jules Ferry, French statesman Jules François Camille Ferry (April 5, 1832 – March 17, 1893) was a French statesman. ... In 1589, the four French Secretaries of State became specialized, with one of the secretaries responsible for foreign affairs. ... Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire (August 19, 1805 - November 24, 1895) was a French philosopher, journalist and statesman. ... Painting of Léon Gambetta by Léon Bonnat Léon Gambetta (April 2, 1838 - December 31, 1882), French statesman, was born at Cahors. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Charles Duclerc, French politician Charles Théodore Eugène Duclerc (1813-1888) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as prime minister from 1882 to 1883. ... In 1589, the four French Secretaries of State became specialized, with one of the secretaries responsible for foreign affairs. ... Jules Ferry, French statesman Jules François Camille Ferry (April 5, 1832 – March 17, 1893) was a French statesman. ... In 1589, the four French Secretaries of State became specialized, with one of the secretaries responsible for foreign affairs. ... Émile Flourens (1841-1920) was a French politician. ... Eugène Henri Brisson (July 31, 1835 - April 14, 1912) was a French statesman, prime minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... René Goblet, French statesman René Goblet (November 26, 1828 - September 13, 1905) was a French politician, first minister of France for a period in 1886-1887. ... French statesman Pierre Tirard Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (September 27, 1827 - November 4, 1893) was a French politician. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Painting of French statesman Émile Loubet by Fernand-Anne Piestre Émile François Loubet (December 30, 1838 - December 20, 1929) was a French politician, 7th president of the French republic. ... Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine (December 18, 1835 – January 9, France in China during the Second Opium War. ... Minister of State is a title borne by officials in certain countries governed under the parliamentary system. ...