Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Palace of Peterhoff

Alexandra Feodorovna, born Charlotte, Princess of Prusia, July 13, 1798 - November 1, 1860) was Empress consort of Russia . She was the wife of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and mother of Tsar Alexander II of Russia. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (467x690, 61 KB) Template:Portrait of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in Peterhoff The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (467x690, 61 KB) Template:Portrait of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in Peterhoff The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Nicholas I (Russian: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855. ... Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevitch (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (born April 17, 1818 in Moscow; died March 13, 1881 in St. ...

Princess of Prusia

Alexandra Foedorovna was born on July 13, 1798 in Charlottenburg Palace, as Princess Frederica Louise Charlotte Wilhelmina of Prusia. She was the eldest surviving daughter and fourth child of Frederick William III, King of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Charlottenburg palace Charlottenburg is an area in Berlin, formerly a borough, now part of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. ... Frederick William III Frederick William III, known in German as Friedrich Wilhelm III, reigned as king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. ... Louise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie (Louisa Augusta Wilhelma Amelia) (March 10, 1776 - July 19, 1810), Queen of Prussia, was born in Hanover, where her father, Karl of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, was field marshal of the household brigade. ...

Princess Charlotte childhood was marked by the Napoleonic Wars. After the French defeat of the Prussian army, Princess Charlotte with her whole family had to flee to East Prussia, where they look for the protection of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Berlin fell under Napoleon’s control and Princess Charlotte grew up in Memel, in War torn Prussia. Her mother died in 1810, shortly after Charlotte’s twelve birthday, for the rest of her life she treasured her mother’s memory. From her early youth Princess Chartlote ocupied the first female rank in Prusia as the eldest daughter of her widower father. She would remained all her life attached to Prusia and her family. Combatants Allies: Austria[1] Portugal Prussia[1] Russia[2] Spain[3] Sweden United Kingdom[4] French Empire Holland Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Warsaw Bavaria[5] Saxony[6] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack Gebhard von Blücher Duke of Brunswick Prince of Hohenlohe Mikhail Kutuzov... East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. ... Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825), was Emperor of Russia from March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825 and King of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In the fall of 1814, Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia, the future Tsar Nicholas I, and his brother Grand Duke Michael, visited Berlin. It was understood between the two royal families that Nicholas would marry Princess Charlotte. In a second visit the following year, according to plan, Nicholas fell in love with her seventeen year old host, Princess Charlotte. She felt the same way “I like him and am sure of being happy with him.” She wrote to her brother, “What we have in common is our inner life; let the world do as it pleases, in our hearts we have a world of our own.” Hand in hand they wandered over the Postdam country side, they went to the opera in Berlin and by the end of Grand Duke Nicholas visit they were engaged. They had to wait two years to get married. 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Nicholas I can be: Pope Nicholas I Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia and King of Poland Nicholas Mysticus, Patriarch Nicholas I of Constantinople This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

On June 9, 1817 Princess Charlotte came to Russia with her brother William. Nicholas when to meet her at the frontier. After arriving at St Petersburg, she converted to the Orthodox Church, took the title of Grand Duchess of Russia and traded the name Charlotte for Alexandra Feodorovna. The wedding was celebrated with great pomp in the chapel of the Winter Palace on July 13, 1817, on Alexandra’s Feodorovna nineteenth birthday. “I felt myself very, very happy when our hands joined,” she later wrote about her wedding. “With complete confidence and trust, I gave my life into the hands of my Nicholas, and he never once betrayed it” June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... William I (William Frederick Louis) (March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888), (German: Wilhelm I., Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruled January 18, 1871 – 9 March 1888 as German Emperor and 2 January 1861 – 9 March 1888 as King of Prussia. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Eastern Christianity. ... Located between the Palace Embankment and the Palace Square, the Winter Palace (Russian: Зимний Дворец) in Saint Petersburg, Russia was built between 1754 and 1762 as the winter residence of the Russian tsars. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Grand Duchess of Russia

Alexandra Feodorovna in 1820 with her two eldest children. The Tsarina interfered little in politics, preferring the role of devoted wife and mother.

At first, Alexandra Feodorovna had problems adapting to the Russian court, the change of religion affected her and she was overwhelmed but the strange sourrondings. Home sick, she found solace in her lonliness in the military formations, that she was accostum to watch in her militaristic native country. She gained the favor of her mother-in-law, Maria Feodorovna, but did not get along well, with Empress Elizabeth Alexeiyevna , Alexander I's wife. Weeks after the wedding, Alexandra was pregnant. On April 17, 1818 she gave birth to her first son, the future Tsar Alexander II, the next year she had a daughter, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna. In 1820 Alexandra produced a stillborn daughter, her third pregnancy in three years and the lost of the baby brought on a deep depression. The doctors advised a holiday and Nicholas took her to see her family in Berlin, they spent autum of 1820 and much of 1821 at the Prusian court, returning again in the summer of 1824. They did not come back to St. Petersburg until March 1825 when Alexander I required their presence in Russia. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1425x1877, 343 KB) Template:Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, 1820 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1425x1877, 343 KB) Template:Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, 1820 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... Maria Fedorovna was the name taken by two distinct Russian empresses of originally German ethnicity: Maria Fedorovna of Wurttemberg, wife of Emperor Paul I of Russia Maria Fedorovna of Glucksburg (or, later known as of Denmark. ... Elisabeth Alexeievna by Madame Vigee Le Brun, 1795, Castle of Wolfsgarten. ... April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... A number of historical people were named Alexander II: Alexander II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 370 to 368 B.C. Alexander II of Epirus was the King of Epirus in 272 B.C. Pope Alexander II was Pope from 1061 to 1073. ... Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia by Franz Winterhalter Maria Nikolaievna (Russian: Мария Николаевна) (August 18, 1819 - February 21, 1876) was a daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and sister of Alexander II. She was Duchess of Leuchtenberg and President of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A number of historical people were named Alexander I: Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495-450 BC Alexander I of Epirus King of Epirus about 342 B.C. Pope Alexander I, Pope from 106 to 115 Alexander I of Scotland (c. ...

Alexandra Feodorovna spent her first years in Russia trying to learn the language and custums of her adopted country under the tutelage of the poet Vasily Zhukovski, whom she characterized as being “too much of a poet to be a good tutor”. The Imperial family spoke German and wrote their letters in French, as a consequence, Alexandra never completly mastered the Russian language.

Nicholas and Alexandra Fedodorovna were private people who found great pleasure in each other’s company. She wrote in a memoir of her first years in Russia that “We both were truly happy only when we found ourselves alone in our aparments with me sitting on his knees while he was loving and tender”. For eight years, during the reign of Tsar Alexander I, the couple lived quietly, enjoying their privacy. Neither Nicholas nor Alexandra welcomed the posiblity of ocupying the Russian throne.

Alexander I had no children and the next in line, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, renounced his right in 1822 making Nicholas Alexander’s heir. A number of historical people were named Alexander I: Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495-450 BC Alexander I of Epirus King of Epirus about 342 B.C. Pope Alexander I, Pope from 106 to 115 Alexander I of Scotland (c. ... Constantine was known for his repugnant physical features which resembled those of his father, Emperor Paul. ...

In 1825 Alexandra received from her brother-in-law, Tsar Alexander I the Palace of Petherhoff, the Imperial state that had pleased her most at the start of her life in Russia. It would remained her favorite summer residence. Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Peterhof: the Samson Fountain and Sea Channel Peterhof (Russian: , Petergof, originally Piterhof, Dutch for Peters Court) is a series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great, and sometimes called the Russian Versailles. It is located about twenty kilometers west and six kilometers south...

Personality

Alexandra was tall, slender with a small head of refine features. Her blue eyes were set deep in her head. She had an air of regal majesty. Her quick, light walk was graceful. She was frail, often in poor health. Her voice was hoarse, but she spoke rapidly and with decision. Dysphonia is the medical term for hoarseness or other phonation disorders. ...

Alexandra Feodorovna was an avid reader and enjoyed music. She was kind and liked privacy and simplicity. She dressed elegantly, with a decided preference for light colors, and collected beautiful jewels. Neither arrogant nor frivolous, Alexandra was not without intelligence and had an excellent memory; her reading was quite extensive; her judgment of men sure, slightly ironical. However, her interests were mostly shallow. She loved to dance and the fantastic world of the Palaces and court balls filled her horizon. She did not worry about knowing the real problems of the Russian people that demanded from its Empress the energy to take care of the needed and the sick.

For her, Russia was summed up in the person of her beloved husband. By forcing his will on this fragile, irresponsible and delicate creature, Nicholas destroyed Alexandra’s individuality. Her husband gave her no time for reflection, for giving herself a sustained occupation, other than adoring wife and devoted mother.

Empress of Russia

Alexandra Feodorovna in 1836. She was not without intelligence, but her interests were mostly shallow. The fantastic world of the Palaces and court balls filled her horizon.

Alexandra Fedorovna became empress consort upon her husband's accession as Nicholas I on December, 1825. It was a turbulent period marked by the bloody represion of the Decembrist revolt. In this time, the new Tsarina felt attracted to Nicholas’ dashing aide-de-camp, the handsome calvary general Alexis Orlov, Alexandra had some tender, tought only platonic feelings for him. Image File history File links 06_Alexnadra_Feodorovna,_1836_MALIOUKOVA.jpg‎ Template:Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of Russia, 1836 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Image File history File links 06_Alexnadra_Feodorovna,_1836_MALIOUKOVA.jpg‎ Template:Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of Russia, 1836 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Nicholas I can be: Pope Nicholas I Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia and King of Poland Nicholas Mysticus, Patriarch Nicholas I of Constantinople This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Decembrists at the Senate Square The Decembrist revolt or the Decembrist uprising (Russian: ) was attempted in Imperial Russia by army officers who led about 3,000 Russian soldiers on December 14 (December 26 New Style), 1825. ... Count Grigory Orlov Orlov (Орлов) is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen, diplomatists and soldiers. ...

Nicholas and Alexandra were devoted to each other and to their offspring, as their name sakes the last Russian Imperial couple, they were deeply in love. By 1832 they had seven children that they brought up with care. 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Nicolas I never waived in his love for his wife, he called her “Mouffy”. “God has bestow upon you such a happy character that is not merit to love you, I exit for you”, he wrote her in 1836, nearly twenty years after their marriage. In 1837 when much of the Winter Palace was destroyed by fire, Nicholas reportedly told an aide-de-camp “ Let everything else burn up, only just save for me the small case of letters in my study which my wife wrote to me when she was my betrhoted”. Theirs was an actraction of opposites: Nicholas, tall robust, dynamic, and Alexandra, slender, frail, often in poor health. October 2, Charles Darwin returns from his voyage around the world. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Located between the Palace Embankment and the Palace Square, the Winter Palace (Russian: Зимний Дворец) in Saint Petersburg, Russia was built between 1754 and 1762 as the winter residence of the Russian tsars. ...

Only after more than twenty five years of fidelity, Nicholas took a mistress. He turned to Barbara Nelidova, one of Alexandras’ ladys-in-waiting. Alexandra’s recurring heart attacks made it impossible to continued their conjugal life. If physical love was forbidden by the Empress’s doctors much love remained between them. Nicholas continued to seek refuge from the cares of state in Alexandra’s company. “Happiness, joy, and repose- that is what I seek and find in my old Mouffy,” he once wrote. His letters always were filled with those detailed accounts Alexandra so loved to read about costumes, furnishing, uniforms and military reviews at the courts he visited. Always he found time to remember her in small but tender ways when they were apart.

In 1845 Nicholas wept when Court doctors urged the Empress to visit Palermo for several months. “Leave me my wife,” he begged her physicians, and when he learned that she indeed must go, he made plans to join her, if only for a brief time. He followed her to Italy. Nelidova went with them and is widely assumed that it was about this time that Nicholas after years of waiting for Nelidova, she finally became his lover. Alexandra jealosus at the beginning, soon not only reconciled herself with the idea, but remained in excellent terms with her husband’s mistress. 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Palermo (Palermo in Italian, Palermu, Palemmu, Paliermu or Paliemmu in Sicilian) is the principal city and administrative seat of the autonomous region of Sicily, Italy as well as the capital of the Province of Palermo. ...

The death of the Imperial couple youngest daughter, Grand Duchess Alexandra, in 1844 was a gret blow. The Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, was always frail and in bad health. At forty she was prematurly aged looking far older than her years. She was increasingly thin; for long time she suffered from a nervous twitching that became a convulsive shaking of her head. Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (24 June 1825 - 10 August 1844) was a daughter of Nicholas I of Russia and his wife, Charlotte of Prussia. ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Looking for a place in Russia that suited Alexandra’s delicate health, Nicholas and Alexandra visited Crimea in 1837. Nicholas order to build for her, the palace of Oreanda in Crimea, but she visited it only once, in 1852, because the following year began the Crimea War. Towards the end of 1854 Alexandra Feodorovna was very sick and it was tought she was going to die, but she not only recovered but outlived her husband. Depressed by the outcome of the Crimea War, Nicholas contracted influenza and died on 6/18 February 1855. Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Capital Simferopol Largest cities Simferopol, Eupatoria, Kerch, Theodosia, Yalta Official language Ukrainian. ... Combatants United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease 256,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War lasted from 1854 until 1 April 1856 and was... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Strength 250,000 British 400,000 French 10,000 Sardinian 1,200,000 Russian Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease 110,000 killed, wounded and died... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Dowager Empress

Alexandra Feodorovna looked older than her years. There was little kindness in her tired and melancholy looks or in her proud manners.

Grive stricken, Alexandra Feodorovna survived her husband for five years. She retired to the Alexander Palace at Tsarkoe Selo remaining in good terms with her husband’s mistress Barbara Nelidova, who she made her personal reader. The dowager Empress, spoilt for almost forty years by her husband, was now protected by her grown up children. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (655x826, 133 KB)Template:Alexandra Feodorovna, photo in her last years File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (655x826, 133 KB)Template:Alexandra Feodorovna, photo in her last years File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... View of the corps de logis from the cour dhonneur. ... Catherine Palace and Park Tsarskoye Selo (Russian: ; may be translated as Tsar’s Village) is a former Russian residence of the imperial family and visiting nobility 24 km south of St. ...

Alexandra Feodorovna ill health only grew worse with the years. Unable to spend the harsh winters in Russia, she was forced to make long sojourns abroad. She wrote in September 1859 “I am homesick for my country and I reproached myself for costing so much money at a time when Russia has need of every ruble. But I cough and my sick lungs cannot go without a southern climate.” In the autumn of 1868, the doctors made her understand that she would not live through the winter if she did not return once more to the south. Knowing the danger, she preferred to stay in St. Petersburg, to die on Russian soil. She died without suffering. The night before her death, she was heard to say, ”Niki, I am coming to you.” She died at the age of sixty-two on November 1, 1860 Alexander Palace at Tsarkoe Selo. 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... View of the corps de logis from the cour dhonneur. ...

Children

Tsar Nicholas I of Russia was a loving husband, his behavior towards his wife was touching and charming, but he crushed his wife personality

Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodorovna had ten children: Image File history File links Nicholas_I_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Nicholas_I_of_Russia. ...

• Alexander Nicolaievich, the future Tsarevich and then Emperor Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881), married firstly Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt and secondly, morganatically, Princess Catherine Dolgoruki.
• Maria Nicolaievna (1819-1876). Married Maximilian de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg (son of Eugène de Beauharnais). She married, second, Count Gregory Alexandrovich Stroganov in 1856.
• Still born daughter (1820)
• Olga Nicolaievna (1822-1892). Married Karl I of Württemberg in 1846 and was childless.
• Still born daughter (1823)
• Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (1825-1844). Married Landgraf Friedrich of Hesse-Kassel in 1843, but died in childbirth the following year.
• Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (1827-1892). Married Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg and had issue.
• Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia (1831-1891). Married his first cousin's daughter, Princess Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg and had issue.
• Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia (1832 -1909). Married Cecilie of Baden (Olga Fedorovna) and had issue.

Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevitch (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (born April 17, 1818 in Moscow; died March 13, 1881 in St. ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Marie of Hesse Princess Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and the Rhine (8 August 1824-8 June 1880) was a princess of Grand Ducal Hesse and, as Marie Alexandrovna, Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia. ... Princess Yekaterina Mikhailovna Dolgorukaya (In Russian Княжна Екатерина Михаиловна Долгорукая) (14 November 1847 - 15 February 1922) Catherine was the daughter of Prince Mikhail Dolgoruky and Vera Visnevskaya. ... Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia by Franz Winterhalter Maria Nikolaievna (Russian: Мария Николаевна) (August 18, 1819 - February 21, 1876) was a daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and sister of Alexander II. She was Duchess of Leuchtenberg and President of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (September 3, 1781 - February 21, 1824) was the first child and only son of Joséphine de Tascher de la Pagerie and Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais. ... Olga (11 September 1822 - 30 October 1892) was born Grand Duchess Olga Nikolayevna of Russia. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Karl of Württemberg was the third King of Württemberg, from 25 June 1864 until his death. ... Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (24 June 1825 - 10 August 1844) was a daughter of Nicholas I of Russia and his wife, Charlotte of Prussia. ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ... Grand Duke Konstantin of Russia. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Alexandra Iosifovna, born Princess Alexandra Friederike Henriette of Saxe-Altenburg, (1830-1911) married Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich Romanov of Russia, second son of Nicholas I of Russia in September 1848. ... Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich (July 27, 1831 - April 13, 1891) was the third son and sixth child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Look up Issue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia (October 13, 1832 - December 18, 1909) was the fourth son and seventh child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• Grunwald, Constantin de, Tsar Nicholas I the Life of An Absolute Monarch, Alcuin Press, ASIN B000I824DU.
• Lincoln, W. Bruce, The Romanovs: Autocrats of All the Russias, Anchor, ISBN 0385279086.
• Zaeepvat, Charlotte, Romanov Autumn , Sutton Publishing, ISBN 0750927399
• Lincoln, W. Bruce, Nicholas I, Empreor and Autocrat of All the Russias , Northern Illinois University Press, ISBN 0875805485.