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A charter is a document bestowing certain rights on a town, city, university or institution; sometimes used as a loan of money. The term derives from a root word meaning "paper". Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town In American English, a town is usually a municipal corporation that is smaller than a city but larger than a village. ...
Montreal skyline at night For alternate meanings see city (disambiguation) A city is an urban area that is differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. ...
// History Because of the above definition, the oldest universities in the world were all European, as the awarding of academic degrees was not a custom of older institutions of learning in Asia and Africa. ...
This article is about institutions as social mechanisms. ...
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Origin
As John Fiske described in his 1890 treatise on the Origin of Civil Government in the United States: John Fiske (1842–1901), born Edmund Fisk Green, was an American philosopher and historian. ...
1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
- The word "charter" originally meant simply a paper or written document, and it was often applied to deeds for the transfer of real estate. In contracts of such importance papers or parchment documents were drawn up and carefully preserved as irrefragable evidences of the transaction. And so, in quite significant phrase the towns zealously guarded their charters as the "title-deeds of their liberties."
- After a while the word charter was applied in England to a particular document which specified certain important concessions forcibly wrung by the people from a most unwilling sovereign. This document was called Magna Carta, or the "Great Charter," signed at Runnymede, June 15, 1215, by John, king of England.
A deed is a legal instrument used to grant a right. ...
Magna Carta placed certain checks on the absolute power of the English Monarchs. ...
Detail from the Magna Carta Memorial Map sources for Runnymede at grid reference: SU 998 727 Runnymede is a water-meadow alongside the River Thames in the English county of Surrey. ...
// Events A certified copy of the Magna Carta June 15 - King John of England forced to put his seal to the Magna Carta, outlining the rights of landowning men (nobles and knights) and restricting the kings power. ...
History Charters were issued in medieval times by Royal decree, perhaps giving a particular town the right to hold a weekly market, or to levy a toll on a road or bridge. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ...
A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. ...
Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town In American English, a town is usually a municipal corporation that is smaller than a city but larger than a village. ...
Street markets such as this one in Rue Mouffetard, Paris are still common in France. ...
The word toll has several meanings. ...
A typical rural county road in Indiana, USA, where traffic drives on the right. ...
A log bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle. ...
Legal status A charter is a legally binding document incorporating an organization or institution and specifying its purpose, remit or bylaws. Organisations such as the Institution of Civil Engineers in the UK is chartered to maintain and advance the science and practice of civil engineering in the UK, and by this charter has the right to regulate the business of civil engineering in the UK; this gives rise to a status of a chartered engineer - one who satisfies the requirements of the charter holding organisation. A corporation is a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a Civil law systems may refer to corporations as moral persons; they may also go by the name AS (anonymous society) or something similar, depending on language (see below). ...
A Bylaw (sometimes also seen as By-Law or ByLaw) was originally the Viking town law in the Danelaw. ...
The Institutions headquarters Founded on 2 January 1818, the Institution of Civil Engineers (the ICE) is an independent professional association, based in central London, representing civil engineers. ...
Charter schools In education, charter schools are becoming quite common. In the United States, a charter school is a public school that is created via a legal charter. ...
Charter colony A charter colony is a type of colony that was established by a group of settlers that received a charter. A charter colony is one of the three types of colonies: a charter colony, proprietary colony, and royal colony. ...
Charter member The term charter member refers to a person or group who was among those participating in the creation of any chartered organisation.
See also A Royal Charter is a charter given by a monarch to legitimize an incorporated body, such as a city, company, university or such. ...
Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ...
Fueros is a Spanish legal term and concept; there is a similar Portuguese term, Forals. ...
A general incorporation law allows corporations to be formed without a charter from the legislature. ...
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